重新检视未遂犯的可罚基础与着手时点：以客观未遂理论及客观犯行的实质化为中心

Criminal Attempt Reviewed: On the Basis of Objective Attempt Theory and Materialization of Punishable Action

本文探讨刑法修正後，未遂犯的可罚理由（未遂理论）与着手时点的判断方法，有别於通说采用印象理论，笔者主张客观未遂理论，从而区别出行为时点的危险，以及「行为後、流程终结前」的中间危险状态，只有达到中间危险状态才能认定未遂犯；基此，判断未遂刑责的着手时点，可以类型化为三种形态，笔者并发展出三阶段的着手判断流程。

This article explores the penal reasons of criminal attempts and the criterion to establish criminal attempts after the legislative amendment of Criminal Code in 2005. Other than the common thesis which stands for the theory of impression (Eindruckstheorie), the author adopts the theory of objective endangerment, and distinguishes ”danger ex ante” from ”danger in transition.” The author argues that merely the latter one can justify the punishment of criminal attempt. Lastly, a three-level model is proposed to examine whether a criminal attempt is committed.