4246例儿童肺炎支原体感染流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in 4246 hospitalized children

目的探讨儿童急性呼吸道肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行特点。方法选取2007年1月至2014年12月在江阴市中医院因呼吸道感染而住院的儿童应用被动凝集法进行血清MP特异性抗体检测,对不同年龄、性别、季节、年份的MP感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果 8年共检出MP阳性患儿4 246例,检出率为28.1%。其中男性检出率为24.7%,女性检出率为33.7%。女性MP检出率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=142.49,P<0.01)。各年龄组MP检出率随年龄增加呈升高趋势,>5岁组MP检出率最高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1990.49,P<0.01)。8年MP年度检出率分别为25.1%、32.6%、39%、41%、19.1%、7.5%、27.6%和31.3%,各年检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=811.8,P<0.01),2009年、2010年检出率高于其他年份,而2011年、2012年检出率低于其他年份(P<0.05)。8年间MP四季总检出率分别为春季25.3%、夏季33.7%、秋季33.1%、冬季20.8%,夏、秋季检出率较高,与春、冬季间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=212.61,P<0.01)。结论 MP是引起江阴地区住院儿童呼吸道感染常见的病原菌。年龄越大MP检出率越高,女性检出率高于男性。江阴地区MP感染的流行以4年为1个周期,流行间隔期为2年,流行季节以夏秋季为主。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in the hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs).Methods All serum specimens were obtained from those hospitalized children with ARIs in our hospital between Jan 2007 and Dec 2014,and were tested for MP-specific antibodies with passive agglutination method.Then the positive cases with MP infections of different ages,genders,seasons and years were retrospectively analyzed.Results During the study period of 8 years,4246 cases of MP positive children were detected,with the positive rate of 28.1％ for all serum specimens.The MP positive rate of female patients (33.7％) was significantly higher than that of male patients (24.7％) (x2 =142.49,P ＜0.01).For different age groups,the MP positive rates were increased with age growth,and patients ＞ 60 months had the highest rate,with significant differences among them (x2 =1990.49,P ＜ 0.01).The annual MP positive rates in turn were 25.1％,32.6％,39％,41％,19.1％,7.5％,27.6％ and 31.3％,respectively,and these positive rates also differed significantly (x2 =811.8,P ＜ 0.01).In 2009 and 2010,the positive rates were the highest,while in 2011 and 2012 they were the lowest.The positive rates of MP infection for different seasons were 25.3％ in spring,33.7％ in summer,33.1％ in autumn and 20.8％ in winter,and the positive rates in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter (x2 =212.61,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion In the Jiangyin area,MP is the most common pathogen agent in hospitalized children with ARIs.The MP positive rate would be increased with age growth,and is higher in female than in male.During the study period of 8 years,epidemic outbreaks of MP infection occur with a cycle of 4 years and an interval of 2 years.The prevalence of MP infection may be higher during summer and autumn.