基于“元素周期表及周期律”认知结构测查的学习困难分析

Learning Difficulties of Periodic Table and Law of Elements Based on Students’ Cognitive Structure Exploration

采用流程图法探查高中生“元素周期表及周期律”认知结构,以剖析其学习困难,量化计算和质性分析表明学生倾向使用“描述”“情境推理”策略建构知识;认知结构中存在的错误与“对比和比较”策略的不当使用相关;建构知识的逻辑顺序多由“表”到“律”或“构”;注重对具体规律的记忆而忽视规律的内在本质.

This paper aimed to explore high school students’ cognitive structures and identify their learning difficulties of ’periodic table and law of elements’ by using the flow maps method.Quantitative and qualitative analysis data showed that:(1) students tended to use describing and conditional inferring information processing strategy to construct knowledge;(2) there was significant correlation between misconceptions in the cognitive structure and the incorrectly use of comparing and contrasting strategy;(3) the logical order of students’ knowledge construction was always from "Table" to "Law" or "Structure";(4) students focused on remembering the rules and often ignored the nature of the reasons.