软体动物腹足纲分类学研究进展——从近海到深海

Status of Gastropod Taxonomy Study in China——from Shallow Water to Deep Sea

随着科学技术的不断进步和研究的不断深入,我国关于海洋的研究已由浅海逐步向深海发展,不断取得新的发现和认知.自2014年4月起,中国科学院海洋研究所依托先进的'科学'号海洋科学综合考察船,搭载'发现'号水下机器人(remotely operated vehicle,ROV),先后对冲绳海槽热液区、南海冷泉区、雅浦海山区以及马努斯热液区等深海区域进行了综合性科学考查,采集到了大量深海腹足纲(Gastropoda)标本,其中有一些为未经发现和描述的新种,极大地推动了我国关于深海软体动物物种多样性研究,实现了深海环境和软体动物资源的新认知.本文对近年来从深海采集到的腹足类标本进行了整理分类,对其中的11属13种进行描述,并对深海特殊环境中腹足纲物种多样性进行了总结,对中国软体动物腹足纲从近海至深海的分类现状进行研究论述.

With the development of science and technology, marine sciences research in China has been progressed from the exploration of shallow waters to the deep sea. This has led to new discoveries and in turn, new perceptions. Since April 2014, several deep-sea areas were investigated by Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IOCAS). These areas include the hydrothermal vents in Okinawa Trough and Manus Back-Arc Basin, the cold seep in South China Sea, and Yap Seamount in the western Pacific. During these surveys, numerous gastropod specimens were sampled by the mechanical arm of ROV FAXIAN(Mother ship: KEXUE), and many of them were classified as new taxa. In this paper, 13 species belonging to 11 genera from the samples collected during these surveys are described and illustrated. A review on gastropod biodiversity research in the hydrothermal vent, cold seep, and seamount are presented. The results can provide important basic data for studying the biodiversity and zoogeography of deep-sea organisms.