满语元音ū实验语音学考察

An Investigation of Experimental Phonetics of the Vowel ū in Manchu Language

满语元音格局中o、u、ū都有自己独立的声学空间,音位读音区别明显。声学实验辅助确定满语元音格局中元音ū独立的音位地位以及变体:元音音位ū读音为,有和o两个音位变体,与辅音[q]、[q^h],[χ]、[t^h]相拼时读,处于词头时读o,这两个变体共振峰各自取点范围集中,上下分布,音色接近。处于其他辅音后面的ū共振峰取点范围与、o两个变体多有交叉,独占声学空间小,结合其语音环境和使用条件,不建议确立其音位变体地位。

The paper obtains the vowel pattern and the acoustics spatial distribution of the sixth vowel in Manchu language by experimental phonetics,discussing the disputed issue of the sixed vowel's phoneme identity and its allophone. Manchu vowels o,u,ū occupy their own independent acoustic space and their pronunciations are obviously different. The independent identity and allophone of the sixth vowel ū in the vowel pattern of Manchu language attested in acoustic experiment shows that ū,with two allophones:  and o,of which pronunciation is ,is located in the prefix or letters after [q]、[q^h],[χ]、[t^h]. The two variations have similar timbres,of which the points taken from their formants distribute concentrated,upper and lower.The points of ū after other consonants taken from their formants have relations with  and o's and occupy limited acoustic space. Therefore,it is not proper to identify it as an allophone according to its phonetic environment and application conditions.