城镇就业人群生育意愿及其影响因素的性别差异研究——职业结构、时间分配和性别观念的效应

Gender Differences of Urban Workers in Childbearing Intention and Its Influencing Factors:The Effects of Occupational Structure, Time Allocation and Gender Conception

文章利用2013年中国综合社会调查数据,以城镇已婚就业人群为分析对象,探讨了职业结构、时间分配和性别观念与两性生育意愿之间的关系。研究显示:女性期望生育两个及以上孩子的比例低于男性;女性生育意愿的影响因素更具社会性,男性生育意愿的影响因素更具生物性。此外,"时间贫困"对两性生育意愿均有制约,时间自主性强生育意愿也更强;而"时间稀缺"仅对女性有影响,性别观念更现代的女性较倾向于将闲暇时间为己所用而非生育子女。

Based on the data from CGSS 2013, this paper explores the gender differences in childbearing intention among urban married workers from the perspective of occupational structure, time allocation and gender conception. The results show that the proportion of working women to have two or more children is lower than that of men. Female ' s childbearing intentions are more influenced by social factors while male's are more influenced by biological factors. Time poverty affect both women' s and men' s childbearing intentions, the more autonomy in time the stronger childbearing intention.Meanwhile time scarcity only affect women' s fertility intention, and the women with equal gender attitude tend to spend their time on their own leisure life rather than on having more children.