困境与出路:部落学院与印第安文化传承

American Indian Education and Indian Tribal Culture

不同时期美国政府对印第安人施行的教育政策不同,但始终都没有特别顾及印第安特色的部落文化。直到印第安人通过教育自决运动获得了教育自主权,以传承和发展部落文化为使命的部落学院应运而生之后,部落文化才得以在教育中受到足够的重视。部落学院在保存和发展部落文化中发挥了中流砥柱的作用,其在办学宗旨、培养目标、课程设置、师资队伍等方面积极为传承部落文化而努力。而在当今社会,部落学院的发展面临着"源头活水"的双重困境,部落学院更应当从教育内容、教学方式和师资队伍等多方面采取措施应对并化解文化冲突带来的危机,走出困境。

As the indigenous people of Americas,most of the Indians live in the Indian Reservation now. Although the American federal government's educational policies for the American Indians were not the same over the long term,they lost sight of the characteristics of Indian tribal culture all the time. The forms of Indian education to inherit the Indian tribal culture were different in different periods,but the effect is not satisfactory. The Indian tribal culture was not highly regarded until the Indians obtained the educational autonomy though the education self-determination movement and the Native American tribe colleges which is planed to inherit and develop the Indian tribal culture arose at the historic moment.The tribe colleges strive for the inheritance of tribe culture from the education aim,training objectives,curriculum setting,teaching staff and other aspects,so tribal colleges is the mainstay in the preservation and development of tribal culture. And today's social development brings many challenges to the tribal colleges,tribal colleges should take various measures to deal with and resolve the crisis brought by the cultural conflicts.