城市收缩背景下的消防站布局优化方法研究

Study on Optimization Method of Fire Station Layout in Shrinking Cities

我国城镇化速度正逐渐放缓,部分大城市呈现出明显的城市收缩特征,可供消防设施布局的空间资源日趋紧张,在此背景下,城市消防站布局应采取精确优化式发展策略.综合区域火灾风险评价、空间可达性分析,构建从宏观风险识别到中微观消防设施精细布局的方法体系,以上海市主城区为例,识别出14处消防站布局重点优化区域,提出了分区分类、灵活配置的消防设施配置策略,为促进消防设施建设、提高消防应急响应能力提供了支撑.

With the urbanization rate slowing down in China,urban shrinkage is irritably happening in many big cities.Therefore,it is getting harder to make land available for construction.Yet the need for fire prevention facilities,which are significantly important in urban security,is still growing.Limited by land shortage,more scientific and accurate strategies are required to guide the optimization of fire prevention facilities layout.In this paper,an optimization method,combining regional fire risk assessment and spatial reachability analysis tools,is built to model fire risks as well as to precisely identify weakness of fire station layout.Taking Shanghai's main urban area as an example,fourteen districts are identified as key areas in optimization of fire station layout.Integrated and flexible strategies were put out to guide the construction of fire stations in different areas.