床旁饮食查房行为训练模式对2型糖尿病患者饮食行为的影响

Effects of a dietary modification intervention model applied by ward nurse on dietary behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的 探讨床旁饮食查房行为训练模式对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者饮食行为的影响.方法 选取我院住院T2DM患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组,每组各40例.对照组接受传统的糖尿病健康知识讲座,实验组在此基础上同时还接受为期2周的床旁饮食查房行为训练.观察2组入院时、干预后6个月的体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)变化及糖尿病饮食自我管理行为的变化.结果 干预后6个月实验组与对照组比较,BMI、腰臀比、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、HbA1c 5项指标显著下降,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.01或0.05.与自身干预前比较,2组空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、HbA1c显著下降,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.01.实验组糖尿病饮食自我管理行为情况显著提升,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.与干预前比较,2组糖尿病饮食自我管理行为情况显著提升,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.01.结论 床旁饮食查房行为训练模式能更有效改善T2DM患者的饮食行为.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a dietary modification intervention model applied by ward nurse on change of dietary behavior among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 80 participants were divided into intervention patients (n=40) and control subjects (n=40) by random number table.Except lecture-based diabetes educational which was applied for control subjects,a dietary modification intervention model was conducted in intervention patients for a period of two weeks.The intervention program consisted of evaluating an individual's stage of change after being provided dietary information regarding kind of food and portions,discussion with a role model,and keeping a food diary record.Body mass index (BMI),waist-hip ratio (WHR),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),postprandial 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and score of healthy eating behavior were measured at initial and six months later.Results Compared with control group,BMI,WHR,FPG,2hPG,HbA1c in intervention group were significantly decreased,P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05.After six months intervention,FPG,2hPG and HbA1c in both groups were significantly decreased compared with baseline levels,P＜ 0.01.Compared with control group,the scores of healthy eating behavior in intervention group were significantly decreased,P＜ 0.05.After six months intervention,the scores of healthy eating behavior in both groups were significantly elevated,P ＜ 0.01,compared with baseline levels.Conclusions This study yielded evidence for the benefits of using the dietary modification intervention model as a framework in healthy eating behavior among patients with T2DM.