永久性结肠造口患者生命质量及其影响因素研究

Quality of life and its influencing factors among permanent colostomy patients

目的：探讨影响永久性结肠造口患者生命质量的因素。方法采用便利抽样法选取2013年1月至2014年12月收治永久性结肠造口患者219例，采用中文版造口人生命质量量表、造口自我效能量表、造口自我护理量表-普通版和一般情况调查表，进行问卷调查，运用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果永久性结肠造口患者的生命质量总分为（54.86±12.17）分，患者生命质量随着造口术后时间呈现动态“V型”变化，术后1~3年患者生命质量较低（50.46±13.77）分，P＜0.01。影响造口患者生命质量的主要因素包括自我效能、自身形象改变、除配偶外其他家属接受造口程度及造口自我护理能力，其中自我效能是影响生命质量的最重要因素。结论造口护士应特别关注造口术后1~3年患者的生命质量，并通过增强患者造口自我效能和自我护理能力、帮助患者及其家属接受造口和自身形象的改变，以提高其生命质量。

Objective To explore the quality of life and its influencing factors among permanent&nbsp;colostomy patients. Methods Totally 219 permanent colostomy patients were recruited by convenient sampling method from January 2013 to December 2014 and investigated by Stoma Quality of life-Chinese Version, Stoma self-efficacy Scale, Stoma Self-care Scale-general version , and demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results The score of Stoma-QoL-C among permanent colostomy patients was (54.86±12.17) points, which showed a dynamic V-type change as time went by. The quality of life of patients with colostomy for 1 to 3 years was especially low (50.46±13.77) points, P<0.01. The influencing factors of quality of life among permanent colostomy patients included self-efficacy, body image change, family members′acceptance of stoma except their spouses and self-care ability, while self-efficacy was the most important influencing factor. Conclusions The enterostomal nurses should pay more attention to the quality of life of the patients who have had colostomy for 1 to 3 years, enhance the patients self-efficacy and self-care ability, and help the patients to accept their body image changes and their family members′acceptance of stoma to improve their quality of life.