新生儿重症监护室不同环境状态对早产儿康复过程及并发症的影响

Effect of different states of the environment to the rehabilitation process and complications of preterm infants in the different environment in neonatal intensive care unit

目的 探讨新生儿重症监护室(NICU)不同环境状态对早产儿康复过程及并发症的影响.方法 将符合纳入标准的120例早产儿按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各60例.对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组在常规护理的基础上实施'鸟巢式护理',降低NICU的声音,采用循环光线环境.比较2组患儿吸氧时间、住院时间、体质量增长量及出生后第28天的睡眠时间,分析并发症的发生率.结果 观察组患儿住院时间(41.79±2.51)d,吸氧时间(11.45±5.22)d,与对照组的(45.32±3.85)d和(15.52±5.89)d相比,均明显缩短,差异有统计学意义,t=5.95、4.01,P<0.01;观察组体质量增长量为(17.36±2.94)g/d,出生后第28天睡眠时间为(21.18±0.39)h,较对照组的(13.48± 4.63)g/d和(19.56±0.45)h增加,差异有统计学意义,t=5.48、21.07,P<0.01;观察组医院内感染及喂养不耐受的发生率降低,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义,X2=7.06、8.71,P<0.01.结论 通过改善NICU的环境状态,减少不良因素对早产儿的影响,能更好地促进早产儿的康复及生长发育.

Objective To explore the effect of different states of the environment to the rehabilitation process and complications of preterm infants in the different environment in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods 120 premature infants were divided into observation group and control group with 60 cases in each group by random digital table method. The control group was treated with routine nursing model, while observation group was treated with bird nest nursing, lower noise and using cyclic lights. Oxygen time and hospitalization time, increasing about body weight, sleeping time on the twenty-eighth days and the incidence of complications between the two groups were compared. Results The hospitalization and oxygen time were (41.79±2.51)days and (11.45±5.22)days respectively in the observation group, those were shorter obviously than that in the control group [(45.32±3.85)days and(15.52±5.89)days, t=5.95, 4.01, P<0.01].The growth of body weight was (17.36±2.94) g/d, the sleeping time on the twenty-eighth day was (21.18 ±0.39)hours in the observation group. It was increased than that in the control group [(13.48±4.63)g/d and(19.56±0.45)hours], and the difference was significant(t=5.48, 21.07, P<0.01). The incidences of nosocomial infection and feeding intolerance in the observation group were reduced significantly, the difference was significant ( X2=7.06, 8.71, P<0.01). Conclusions Improving the environment in NICU can prevent the adverse factors on premature infants, promote the recovery and growth of premature infants.