玻璃体切除术后俯卧头架设计及临床应用评价

Application and design of a new prone position headrest to reduce complications caused by improp-er body position after vitrectomy

目的：为提高玻璃体切除眼内填充术后患者俯卧位的舒适度，设计制作减少体位不当所致并发症的俯卧头架，并观察临床应用效果。方法按患者体位要求设计并收集360例玻璃体切除眼内填充术患者，按接受手术的先后顺序分为对照组和观察组各180例。观察组采用自主设计的俯卧头架护理，对照组采用常规俯卧位，观察患者舒适、术后不良反应、复位成功率等指标。结果观察组患者简化舒适状况量表的生理、心理精神、社会文化及环境各单项评分分别为（2.74±0.21）、（3.54±0.29）、（3.25±0.23）、（3.36±0.27）分，均高于对照组的（2.30±0.19）、（2.92±0.31）、（2.93±0.26）、（2.79±0.30）分，差异有统计学意义（t＝12.368～20.845，均 P＜0.05）。观察组术后首次及5 d 内日均体位维持时间分别为（220.00±25.08）、（1008.00±20.32） min，均长于对照组的（85.00±28.07）、（650.00±30.12） min，差异有统计学意义（t＝48.117、133.194，均 P＜0.01）。观察组术后4周角膜水肿、结膜充血、房水浑浊发生情况低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（U＝6.308、8.130、6.875，P＜0.01）。观察组术后4周高眼压、视网膜再脱发生率及复位成功率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝9.000、10.540、11.770，P＜0.01）。结论俯卧头架能有效提高玻璃体切除眼内填充术后患者俯卧位的舒适度，保证手术效果。

Objective To improve patient postoperative comfort of vitrectomy with tamponnade in the prone position, design a new prone position headrest to reduce complications caused by improper body position and observe its clinical effect. Methods According to the postoperative position of the patients, 360 cases were collected. The patients were divided into the control group and the observation group with 180 cases of each group. Observation group was treated with the new prone position headrest nursing, control group were treated with routine prone position. The comfort of patients, postoperative adverse reactions, success rate of retina reattachment were observed. Results According to simplified comfortable situation scale, physiological, psychological, social culture and environment of each individual score respectively was (2.74±0.21), (3.54±0.29) , (3.25±0.23), (3.36±0.27) points in observation group and (2.30± 0.19), (2.92±0.31), (2.93±0.26), (2.79±0.30) points in control group, and there were significant differences (t=12.368-20.845, all P<0.05). The daily posture duration in postoperative first time and 5 days was respectively (220.00±25.08), (1008.00 ± 20.32) min in observation group and (85.00±28.07), (650.00± 30.12) min in control group, and there were significant differences(t=48.117, 133.194, all P<0.01). The incidence of corneal edema, conjunctival congestion, water turbidity in observation group were lower than those in control group at 4 weeks after surgery, and there were statistically significant difference (U=6.308,8.130, 6.875, P < 0.01). The incidence of high intraocular pressure, recurrent retinal detachment rate and reduction rate in observation group were lower than those in control group at 4 weeks after surgery, and there were statistically significant difference (χ2=9.000, 10.540, 11.770, P < 0.01). Conclusions The new prone headrest can effectively improve the resection of vitreous body with tamponade patients in comfort, ensure the operation effect.