Caprini风险评估模型在预防静脉血栓栓塞症中的初步应用

Application of Caprini risk assessment model for preventing venous thromboembolism

目的：探讨Caprini风险评估模型在临床护理中预防静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）中的应用。方法采用横断面调查研究，选择山东省千佛山医院2015年3－5月住院的6624例患者。采用Caprini风险评估模型筛查VTE高危患者。结果存在VTE风险患者6229例占94.04%；低危、中危、高危、超高危患者比例分别为1889例占28.52%，1507例占22.75%，1930例占29.14%，903例占13.64%；手术组患者VTE低危、中危、超高危发生率分别为15.72%（241/1533）、28.77%（441/1533）、19.77%（303/1533），非手术组分别为32.37%（1648/5091）、20.94%（1066/5091）、11.79%（600/5091），2组比较低危、中危、超高危发生率差异有统计学意义（χ2=160.23、41.08、63.72，均P＜0.01）。结论住院患者VTE风险高，建议将VTE纳入护理质量评价标准，建立有效的VTE风险管理体系。Caprini风险评估模型明确了应特殊关注的VTE患者人群，对VTE的早期筛查和预防具有重要意义。

Objective To explore the Caprini risk assessment model for the application of the prevention of VTE in clinical nursing. Methods With a cross:sectional survey research, 6 624 patients were interviewed of a hospital from March to June in 2015.The Caprini risk assessment model was used to screen patients with VTE risk assessment. Results Patients have VTE risk in 6 229 cases, accounting for 94.04%. The patients of low risk, moderate risk, high risk, and super high-risk was 1 889 cases, 1 507 cases, 1 930 cases, 903 cases, accounted for 28.52%, 22.75%, 29.14%and 13.64%respectively. Surgical patients with VTE risk, low risk, moderate, high risk and super high-risk rate was 5.15% (79/1 533), 15.72%(241/1 533), 28.77%(441/1 533), 30.59%(469/1 533), 19.77%(303/1 533), the no-surgery group were 6.21% (316/5 091), 32.37% (1 648/5 091), 20.94% (1 066/5 091), 28.68% (1 461/5 091), 11.79%(600/5 091), two groups compare was statistically significant (χ2= 53.46, P = 0.000); High-risk ratio of trauma surgery,thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedics, mammary gland and thyroid surgery were63.2%、62.9%、61.5%、58.3%、55.8%; High-risk ratio of oncology medical, respiratory medical, neurology medical, cardiology medical were 92.0% , 68.2% , 55.9% and 64.4% . Conclusions Hospitalized patients have high risk of VTE, it is suggested that include VTE in nursing quality evaluation standard, establish an effective system of VTE risk management. Caprini risk assessment model has been clear about the VTE patients should be special attention, and has been great significance to early screening and prevention of VTE.