造血干细胞移植患者家庭照顾者压力源的质性研究

Qualitative research on pressure source of caregivers in need of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

目的：探讨造血干细胞移植家庭照顾者压力源，为针对性干预提供依据。方法采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法，以家庭压力理论为框架，根据Hill提出的ABC-X家庭压力模型，制订访谈提纲，对12个家庭主要照顾者进行半结构式深度访谈。结果移植患者家庭主要照顾者压力源共提炼出7个主题：寻找供体、移植期间与患者隔离、疾病照顾知识缺乏、家庭资源困境、家庭经济负担过重、社会角色改变及疾病预后不确定性。结论造血干细胞移植家庭照顾者的压力源是一个持续存在的，随患者病情变化、发展并持续叠加的过程，对家庭主要照顾者压力来源剖析，是造血干细胞移植领域的一个新的探讨。

Objective To investigate the pressure sources of caregivers in need of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to provide evidence for targeted intervention. Methods According to Hill′s ABC-X family pressure model, 12 main family caregivers were received semi-structured in depth interviews with phenomenological methods. Results Pressure sources of caregivers for HSCT patients were summed up to 7 aspects: search of donor, isolation with patient during transplantation, lack of knowledge in patient care, family resource difficulties, family economic overburden, social role transformation and uncertainty of disease prognosis. Conclusions The pressure sources of caregivers for HSCT patients is a persistent process, which is over layed as the patient′s condition worsens. The analysis on the pressure sources of primary family caregivers is becoming a new topic in HSCT nursing area.