持续性球囊扩张在胆肠吻合口狭窄治疗中的应用及护理

Application and nursing care of persistent balloon dilatation for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy

目的：探讨持续性球囊扩张治疗胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄的疗效及护理体会。方法回顾性分析采用持续性球囊扩张治疗的14例胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄患者的临床资料，观察治疗效果、不良反应及相应护理。结果14例患者中行经胆肠吻合口输出襻肠管持续性球囊扩张5例，经皮经肝胆管途径持续性球囊扩张9例；全组无出血、胆漏等重大并发症，治疗过程中发生球囊扩张导管损坏2例，压力泵损坏5例，球囊移位4例，器械损坏率25.0%（7/28）、球囊移位率4/13；持续扩张6～8个月后行胆道镜观察，吻合口狭窄解除14例；随访3～16个月，胆肠吻合口狭窄复发2例。结论持续性球囊扩张可以作为治疗胆肠吻合口狭窄的一种简单、安全、有效的微创方法，护理过程中需注意球囊扩张导管及压力泵损坏、球囊移位的发生。

Objective To investigate the value and nursing of persistent balloon dilatation for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy. Methods The clinical data of 14 cases of anastomotic strictures after choledochojejunostomy accepted the treatment of persistent balloon dilatation were analyzed retrospectively. The effect, adverse reactions and approriate nursing were evaluated. Results Five patients were performed with persistent balloon dilatation thorough the output loop of intestine after choledochojejunostomy and 9 patients through percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. There was no hemobilia, bile leak or other serious complications. There were 2 cases of balloon dilatation catheter damage, 5 cases of pressure pump damage and 4 cases of balloon migration with 25.0% (7/28) instrument damage rate and 4 cases of balloon migration. After persistent balloon dilation for 6 to 8 months, no anastomotic stricture was found by choledochoscopic examination. Follow up for 6 to 18 months, 2 cases had recurrent anastomotic stricture. Conclusions Persistent balloon dilatation by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a simple, safe and effective method for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy. In the course of nursing, the balloon catheter and pressure pump damage, and balloon migration should be noted.