机采血小板献血反应的原因分析与对策

The causes and coping manners in the blood donation reaction of the apheresis platelet

目的：探讨机采血小板献血反应的发生原因及对策。方法总结2012年1月至2015年11月9903人次机采血小板献血者的干预及护理方法，收集53人次献血反应者性别等资料进行统计分析。结果2012年1月至2015年11月献血反应发生率为0.54%（53/9903）；其中男12人次，女41人次，女性献血反应发生率高于男性（χ2=78.36，P<0.01）；3种血细胞分离机中Amicus 14人次，MCS+27人次，Trima12人次，MCS+献血反应发生率最高，Trima最低（χ2=29.20，P<0.01）；首次献血5人次，再次献血48人次，首次和再次献血者献血反应发生率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.11，P>0.05）。程序运行结束前5 min内发生献血反应34人次占64.2%。结论献血反应与性别、分离机型、处理血量、精神因素等有关，为献血者提供优质护理和服务，创造良好的献血环境，有利于预防和减少献血反应的发生。

Objective To investigate the causes and the treatments in the blood donation reaction of the apheresis platelet. Methods The intervention and nursing measures of 9 903 cases of apheresis platelet donors from January 2012 to November 2015 were summarized. A total of 53 blood donation responders′ data such as gender were collected, and the data were analyzed. Results From January 2012 to November 2015 blood donation reaction rate was 0.54% (53/903), which was lower than that reported in the literature. Among them, 41 cases were female and 12 were male, female blood donation reaction rate was higher than the male (χ2=78.36,P<0.01);14 cases used Amicus , 27 cases used MCS+, 12 cases used Trima. Among three kinds of blood cell separator, MCS+blood donation reaction rate was the highest, Trima was the lowest (χ2=29.20,P < 0.01). Among the 53 cases, 5 cases were the first blood donors, 48 cases were the repeated blood donors, no significant difference in blood donation reaction existed between the first and the repeated blood donors (χ2=0.11,P>0.05). Blood donation reactions occurred in 34 cases within 5 minutes before the end of the program, accounting for 64.2%(34/53) of the total. Conclusions The sex and blood cell separator and coping of blood volume and the spiritual factors are related to blood donation reaction. Providing quality nursing and services, and creating a good environment for blood donors are conducive to prevent and reduce the occurrence of blood donation reaction.