资本主义、市场经济与效率:基于《资本论》视角的分析

Capitalism,Market Economy and Efficiency:An Analysis from the Perspective of Capital

古典主义经济学将人抽象为理性人,在这一假设下,资本主义、市场经济与效率具有"三位一体"式的内在统一关系。但在现实中,人的非理性心理机制、市场的垄断性、社会信息的不对称性、社会的利益集团性等,使得资本主义市场经济运行经常呈现无效率甚至反效率状态。《资本论》给出了抽象经济学的批判进路和现实经济学的拓展进路,它启示我们:在学术上,我们应该对抽象经济学和现实经济学进行学理区分性探讨;在现实中,我们应该以《资本论》为基础理论资源凝练中国具体经济改革道路。

Based on the hypothesis of 'rational man' put forward by the classical economists, capitalism is the same as market economy and efficiency.But in reality, many factors make the capitalist market economy inefficient, including irrational mental mechanism, market monopoly, information asymmetry, interest groups and so on.In Capital, there is an approach of criticizing the abstract economics and expanding the realistic economics, which enlightens us that the abstract economics and realistic economics should be distinguished in the research, and we should condense the concrete economic reform road of China based on the basic theory in Capital.