论“通知—删除”规则的重构——从版权到其他领域的思考

Reconstruction of “Notice-and-Takedown” Rule:A Reflection from Copyright to Other Fields

发端于网络著作权领域的'通知—删除'规则,建立在数字复制传播的匿名性、快速性以及界权成本相对较低的基础之上.'通知—删除'规则本身属于诉前措施,未经司法程序对行为进行认定而采取相关措施,本身就需要慎重,而'通知—删除'规则通过反通知、错误删除的责任承担制度来进行调整,以避免出现规则滥用的现象.商标、专利领域并不具有数字复制领域的特征,而且在商标、专利领域'通知—删除'规则并未建立反通知制度、错误删除的责任承担制度等来进行权利义务平衡,导致规则滥用现象明显.以商品实物为载体的商标、专利领域通过一般规则完全能够解决侵权问题.退一步而言,如果在商标、专利领域建立'通知—删除'规则,需要通过形式要求、反通知、担保等制度构建来平衡各方权利义务.

The "notice-and-takedown" rule, which originated in the field of network copyright, is based on the anonymity, fastness and relatively low delimitation cost of digital replication. The rule itself is a pre-action measure, and it requires careful consideration to judge the conduct and adopt relevant measures in the absence of judicial process. In order to avoid the phenomenon of abuse, the "notice-and-takedown" rule is adjusted by counter-notification and the responsibility of incorrect deletion. However, trademark and patent fields do not have the characteristics of digital replication, and in those fields, there is neither counter-notification nor the responsibility of incorrect deletion to balance the rights and obligations, which leads to obvious abuse of the "notice-and-takedown" rule. The trademark and patent fields, using physical commodity as a medium, can solve the problem of infringement completely by general rules. To say the least,if we establish the "notice-and-takedown" rule in those two fields,it is necessary to balance the rights and obligations of the parties through form requirements, counter-notification, guarantee and so on.