“心由境生”:互联网金融诈骗犯罪被害情境预防策略研究——以北大法宝108件互联网金融诈骗案例为研究样本

The Motive of Crime from the Situation:A Research on the Strategy of Situational Internet Financial Fraud Crime Prevention——Just Employs 108 Pieces of Internet Financial Fraud Cases from the Magic Weapon of Peking University as the Research Sample

犯罪现象是被害人与犯罪人之间互动的结果.互联网金融诈骗犯罪现象亦是如此.以北大法宝网站中的108件互联网金融诈骗犯罪现象为研究样本,将被害人的被害性操作化为贪利性和制度缺陷两个变量,将被害损失操作化为消极发现率和损失金额两个变量进行实证研究,可以发现互联网金融诈骗犯罪被害人的被害性与被害损失之间具有显著关系.可以说被害性的有无和程度,在一定程度上决定了被害损失的有无和严重程度.互联网对金融诈骗犯罪被害人被害性的影响,一方面是互联网放大了贪利性,另一方面在互联网环境下会产生新的制度缺陷.情境预防通过确认、管理、涉及、调整等方式,持久有机地改变情境,影响行为人的理性选择,减少犯罪机会情境因素和促成情境因素,从而达到减少犯罪现象的目的.而被害情境预防就是通过改变被害情境即控制和减少自身被害性,来预防被害,以有效控制和减少互联网金融诈骗犯罪现象的发生.

The phenomenon of crime is the result of interaction between the victim and the perpetrator. So it is the phenomenon of internet financial fraud crime. In this paper, we employs 108 pieces of Internet financial fraud cases from the Magic Weapon of Peking University as the empirically research sample. When we transform the victimity into two variables which include the greedy and the system flaw, and transform the losses of the victim into two variables which include the passive discovery rate and the amount of loss, we found a significant relationship between the victimity of victim and the losses of the victim in the phenomenon of internet financial fraud crime. Whether victimity of victim exists or not and how much the victimity is, we might even say, determining the existence and severity of victim loss. As to the impact of Internet on victimity of financial fraud crime, on the one hand, the Internet has amplified greedy nature of victim, on the other hand new system defects will be produced in the Internet circumstance. Situational crime prevention is a series of strategy which include confirmation, management, participation and adjustment to cut down crime through reducing situational crime opportunity and situational crime precipitators. While in the phenomenon of internet financial fraud crime, the strategy to prevent from victimizing is to control and reduce the victimity by victim oneself.