川渝石窟的历史与价值

History and Value of Cave Temples and Carvings in Sichuan and Chongqing Area

文章在简单梳理川渝地区石窟寺发展历史的基础上,着重探讨了川渝石窟及造像的价值,并尝试探讨其价值研究的不足和重要性。川渝地区开窟造像发轫于南北朝时期的川北地区,在得天独厚的自然及人文环境中,历经隋、唐、五代的蓬勃发展,至两宋达到鼎盛。川渝石窟具有突出的价值:是中国晚期石窟发展的历史见证者和集大成者;在众多领域开创了佛教艺术的新风格和新题材;拥有中国最为系统的密教造像,是中国道教艺术的杰出代表,也是儒释道三教并流在石窟艺术领域的重要见证;对宗教史研究意义重大。在遗产价值学基本理论研究的基础上,对川渝石窟价值进行层次化、体系化的研究,是川渝石窟遗产保护的前提,具有重要的现实意义。

With briefly summarizing the history of cave temples and carvings in Sichuan and Chongqing area, this paper focuses on exploring the significant values of them, and tries to discuss the importance and deficiency of the heritage value. Building cave temples were started in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, flourished during the Tang and Five Dynasties and reached the peak in the Song Dynasty. Caves and carvings in Sichuan and Chongqing area bear a unique and exceptional testimony to the Cave Temple history in China; they initiate a various of new types and motifs in Buddhist art; they bear the most systematic carvings of the Chinese Tantric art; they are outstanding examples of the Chinese Taoist art and exceptional testimonies to the interchange of the 'three teachings'; they provide significant information to the world religion study. To systematically and hierarchically explore the values of Cave Temples and carvings in Sichuan and Chongqing area should be based on the basic theory study of Heritage Values, which is of major and immediate significance and lays the groundwork for the heritage conservation.