贵州省农村地区1～6岁儿童乙肝免疫水平调查

The survey of 1~6 years old children's hepatitis B immune level in rural areas of Guizhou Province

目的：了解贵州省农村地区2015年1～6岁儿童乙肝免疫效果，为乙肝防控提供实验室依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，在全省九市（州）两直管县各选择一个县采集1～6岁儿童血标本共1441人份，应用酶联免疫吸附试验进行乙肝表面抗原及抗体检测。结果1441名调查对象中乙肝表面抗原携带率为0.28%，乙肝表面抗体阳性率为74.74%；不同性别儿童乙肝表面抗体阳性率差异具有统计学意义（X2=19.140，P<0.001）；不同地区儿童乙肝表面抗体阳性率差异具有统计学意义（X2=40.052，P<0.001）；不同年龄儿童乙肝表面抗体阳性率差异具有统计学意义（X2=199.312，P<0.001），其中阳性率最高的为<1岁年龄组，最低为5～6岁年龄组。结论贵州省农村地区乙肝表面抗原携带率下降，乙肝表面抗体阳性率上升，免疫效果成绩显著。抗体阳性率随年龄增长逐渐下降，应加强查漏补种工作，提高人群免疫水平。

Objective to investigate the effect of hepatitis B immunization in 1 to 6 years old children in rural areas of Guizhou Province in 2015, and to provide laboratory evidence for hepatitis B prevention and control. Methods using multistage random sampling method, in the province's nine city (state) two counties each select a county from 1 to 6 years old children in blood samples of 1441 samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody.Results Hepatitis B surface antigen in 1441 subjects carrying rate was 0.28%, the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody was 74.74%; there was significant difference between the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (2=19.140 different gender, P<0.001);the difference of positive rate of children with hepatitis B surface antibody in different regions was statistically significant (2=40.052, P<0.001);the difference was statistically significant the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antibody in different age children (2=199.312, P<0.001), the positive rate was the highest in<1 age group, a minimum of 5 to 6 year old age group. Conclusion the carrying rate of hepatitis B surface antigen in rural areas of Guizhou province was decreased. The positive rate of antibody to hepatitis B surface was increased, and the result was significant. The antibody positive rate decreased gradually with the increase of age, should strengthen the leak replant work, improve the immune level of population.