梯度结构金属材料研究进展

Research Progress on Gradient Metallic Materials

随着国民经济的快速发展,人们对金属材料的要求日益增加,这就要求金属材料在具有高强度的同时,也需要其具有良好的韧性、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、高疲劳强度等性能。梯度结构是一种成分、组织或相(或组元)逐渐向另一成分、组织或相(或组元)过渡的结构。这种结构不仅能有效避免尺寸突变引起的性能突变,还能使材料具有不同特征尺寸的结构相互协调,使材料的整体性能和使役性能得到极大优化和提升,为实现材料强韧性的完美匹配和多功能性提供了一个重要方向。介绍了梯度结构金属材料的研究背景、制备方法、优异性能及最新研究进展,并探讨了梯度结构金属材料的研究方向和应用前景。

Facing the development of modern society and its economy,demands on metallic materials' propertis are ever increasing,including high strength and toughness,high wear resistance,high corrosion resistance,and high fatigue performance,et al. Gradient materials are a kind of materials that change gradually with a gradient from one constituent to another,including composition gradient,phase gradient,and grain size gradient or combination of the above. The gradient structures not only could effectively avoid the sudden change in properties caused by interface,but also coordinate the deformation of various feature sizes,and achieve the improvement of strength and ductility at the same time. In this paper,the concept and classification of the gradient materials are introduced,and the possible ways to produce gradient materials and the mechanism to improve multiple material properties are discussed. As one of the promising areas,gradient materials are expected to achieve the major advances in improving materials' properties and multifunctionality,and widely to be used in the application in near future.