混杂增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

Research and Development of Hybrid Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

传统金属基复合材料在强度和弹性模量提高的同时,塑韧性急剧下降,因此很大程度上限制了它的应用范围。为了满足高技术领域的需求,改善复合材料的塑韧性,利用多相同时增强金属基复合材料的"混杂效应",在不同尺度、不同层次上进行结构设计和优化,发挥各种增强相的优势。混杂增强体之间的相互作用、混杂效应等使得复合材料具备更低的热膨胀系数、更高的耐磨性和更优越的力学性能等,同时还降低原料的成本。这都使得它成为航空、航天和国防尖端技术领域最富有研究潜力的战略性材料,并将带动整个工业技术的进步。介绍了混杂增强金属基复合材料结构种类及其研究进展,综述了各种构型设计的基本原理及其优缺点;展望了混杂增强金属基复合材料构型及功能化的发展方向及工程化需要解决的关键问题。

When improving the strength and elastic modulus of traditional metal matrix composites,their toughness always decreases at the mean time,which limits their application in various fields. In order to meet the needs in the field of high technology and the ductility and toughness of composites,hybrid reinforcements with various types or different sizes are used in metal matrix composites. It combines the unique properties of the reinforcements to improve the properties of composites.The interactions between hybrid reinforcements make the metal matrix composites possess lower thermal expansion coefficient,higher wear resistance and superior mechanical properties. In addition,it also reduces the cost of raw materials.Therefore,hybrid composites become the most potential material for application in aerospace and defense cutting-edge technology,and promote the progress of the entire industrial technology. This paper introduces types of hybrid reinforced metal matrix composites and progress in the research of hybrid composites. The basic structures of hybrid reinforced composites and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized,and the future development of the configuration and function of hybrid reinforced metal matrix composites and key problems of engineering application are discussed.