86例命案尸体检验法医学分析

Corpse characteristics analysis in 86 homicide cases

目的寻找命案的基本特征,为命案的法医学鉴定及侦破工作提供帮助。方法对2011-2016年锦州市区内发生的86例他杀案件中死者的性别、年龄、抵抗伤、案发时间与地点、致命伤部位、致伤物类型及损伤数量等因素进行归纳、总结,并采用卡方检验分析各因素间的相互关系。结果 1.死者以男性居多,年龄集中于31-65岁之间;性别差异及因年龄因素所导致的抵抗能力的强、弱与抵抗伤发生频率无统计学差异(P=0.82,0.819)。2.冬季发案量及室内案件比例较大、夏季室外案件数量较多;近三年来(2014-2016年)室外命案发生率增多(P<0.001)。3.致伤物类型、损伤数量和致命伤部位三者关系密切,一处损伤多由锐器所致,多发损伤常见于钝器及混合器(钝器及锐器)(P=0.016);锐器所导致的致命伤多发生于胸腹部,钝器及混合器则常发生于头面部(P<0.001);一处致命损伤多位于胸腹部,多处损伤其致命伤的发生部位常由致伤物的种类决定。结论锦州地区命案多发于冬季且随气候的改变呈现出夏季室外案件多发、冬季室内案件多发的特点;在因机械暴力致死的人群中其一处致命伤多由锐器所致且以胸腹部居多,因钝器打击致死者其致命伤多位于头面部并常伴有多处损伤,另外,是否出现抵抗伤与死者生前抵抗能力强弱无关。

Objective Try to find out the characteristics of 86 homicide cases. Method 86 homicide cases from 2011 to 2016 in Jinzhou City, were summarized and analyzed including sex, age, defense wound, fetal wound, wound types, wound number, time and place. Results 1. Most of deceased were man, and the dead ages were between 30 and 65 years old; moreover, there was no significant difference between the incidence of defense wound and defense ability which was attributed to diversity in age and sex(P =0.819, P =0.82). 2. The proportion of homicide cases in winter was higher than other seasons, and in winter the number of indoor scenes was larger than outdoor scenes, which was opposite for summer; there was a trend that outdoor scenes in homicide cases became more frequent in recent 3 years(2014-2016). 3. There was a very close relationship among the types of objects, the number of wounds and the position of fatal wound: usually single wound was generated by sharp objects, however, multiple wounds by blunt or multiple types of objects(P =0.016); Most fatal wounds from sharp objects were raised at chest and abdomen different to blunt or multiple objects which usually occurred in hand and face(P <0.001); Single fatal wound usually raised at chest and abdomen, while multiple wounds were depended on types of wound objects. Conclusion Homicide cases in Jinzhou district usually occurred in winter,and the proportion of indoor and outdoor scenes were dependent on seasons,indoor scenes was higher in winter,while outdoor scenes usually happened in summer;Most single wound was generated by sharp objects and usually raised at chest and abdomen,and fatal wounds induced by blunt objects usually presented at head and face accompanied with multiple wounds;moreover,there was no relationship between the incidence of defense wound and defense ability.