外科老年患者术后跌倒的影响因素分析及预防对策

目的 分析外科老年患者术后跌倒的影响因素,为针对性提出防跌倒策略提供依据.方法 采用回顾性分析选择2016年1月至2018年1月外科术后发生跌倒的老年患者18例,应用院自制跌倒危险因素评估表对患者跌倒的影响因素进行调查分析,分析各因素与跌倒相关性.结果 跌倒发生的时间分布中00∶00-08∶00时间段占72.2%,跌倒发生的地点中在厕所间占66.7%.外科术后患者体能虚弱、服用特殊药物、麻醉止痛药应用等疾病因素占发生跌倒危险因子排序的前3位.跌倒与年龄、各系统机能退化也存在相关性.结论 预防外科老年患者术后跌倒,应从外在因素、疾病因素、生理因素等多方面进行分析,从而制定针对性防跌倒策略.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of postoperative fall in elderly patients with general surgery,and to provide a basis for specific anti-fall strategies. Methods With convenience sampling method choosing from February 2016 to February 2018 after general surgery, 18 cases of elderly patients with postoperative fall were investigated and analyzed by using the Falls Risk Assessment Tool. Results Falls between 00∶00 and 08∶00 accounted for 72.2% and 66.7% of toilet breaks. After surgery,patients with physical weakness,taking special drugs,anaesthetic painkillers and other disease factors accounted for the top three risk factors for falls. Falls were also associated with age and deterioration of system function. Conclusion Postoperative falls in elderly patients are closely related to physiological factors,and postoperative factors,environmental factors and other external factors are also important. In order to prevent the elderly patients from falling down after surgery,we should comprehensively analyze the risk factors of falling down after surgery and formulate specific anti-falling strategies.