随着国际社会对保护海洋环境要求的不断提升,越来越多的港口和特定水域禁止船舶排放生活污水和灰水,这种禁排规定超出了国际海事组织(international maritime organization,IMO)的《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》(international conventio...随着国际社会对保护海洋环境要求的不断提升,越来越多的港口和特定水域禁止船舶排放生活污水和灰水,这种禁排规定超出了国际海事组织(international maritime organization,IMO)的《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》(international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships,MARPOL)中关于船舶生活污水和灰水的排放要求,使船舶不得不寻求其他舱室用于临时储存不允许排放的生活污水和灰水。该文针对目前船舶在营运过程中将生活污水和灰水临时储存在压载舱内的做法,分别通过对IMO压载水公约关于船舶压载水D-2标准排放要求,以及IMO MARPOL关于船舶生活污水和船舶灰水排放要求的解析,探讨了在压载舱内储存生活污水和灰水的可行性,同时结合IMO关于该问题的讨论进展,提出了在压载舱内临时储存灰水和经处理的生活污水需进一步考虑的技术和操作因素,以规避该行为可能带来的违规风险。展开更多
慢性阻塞性肺疾病作为呼吸系统疾病的常见病、多发病,其患病率、致残率和死亡率也非常高。然而,在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊治中存在一定的问题。本文通过六大模块实现了慢阻肺数据平台的框架建设,提出了平台建设的意义。通过平台的建设,在...慢性阻塞性肺疾病作为呼吸系统疾病的常见病、多发病,其患病率、致残率和死亡率也非常高。然而,在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊治中存在一定的问题。本文通过六大模块实现了慢阻肺数据平台的框架建设,提出了平台建设的意义。通过平台的建设,在患者的闭环化管理、患者及家属对疾病管理的依从性、稳定期管理及研究慢阻肺管理新模式方面有着重要的应用前景。平台的建设和应用只是慢阻肺研究和探索的开始,未来也期望通过平台的建设和探索,实现医院间患者的同质化管理、慢阻肺患者的个体化精准化管理,不断培养临床医生研究思维和研究能力,推动慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊治新发展。Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as a common and frequently-occurring respiratory disease, has a very high morbidity, disability and mortality rate. However, there are some problems in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This paper realizes the framework construction of COPD data platform through six modules and puts forward the significance of the platform construction. Through the construction of the platform, it has an important application prospect in the closed-loop management of patients, the compliance of patients and their families to disease management, the management of stable period and the research of a new model of COPD management. The construction and application of the platform is only the beginning of COPD research and exploration. In the future, it is also expected that through the construction and exploration of the platform, homogenized management of patients between hospitals and individualized and precise management of COPD patients can be achieved, and clinicians’ research thinking and research ability can be continuously cultivated to promote the new development of the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.展开更多
文摘随着国际社会对保护海洋环境要求的不断提升,越来越多的港口和特定水域禁止船舶排放生活污水和灰水,这种禁排规定超出了国际海事组织(international maritime organization,IMO)的《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》(international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships,MARPOL)中关于船舶生活污水和灰水的排放要求,使船舶不得不寻求其他舱室用于临时储存不允许排放的生活污水和灰水。该文针对目前船舶在营运过程中将生活污水和灰水临时储存在压载舱内的做法,分别通过对IMO压载水公约关于船舶压载水D-2标准排放要求,以及IMO MARPOL关于船舶生活污水和船舶灰水排放要求的解析,探讨了在压载舱内储存生活污水和灰水的可行性,同时结合IMO关于该问题的讨论进展,提出了在压载舱内临时储存灰水和经处理的生活污水需进一步考虑的技术和操作因素,以规避该行为可能带来的违规风险。
文摘慢性阻塞性肺疾病作为呼吸系统疾病的常见病、多发病,其患病率、致残率和死亡率也非常高。然而,在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊治中存在一定的问题。本文通过六大模块实现了慢阻肺数据平台的框架建设,提出了平台建设的意义。通过平台的建设,在患者的闭环化管理、患者及家属对疾病管理的依从性、稳定期管理及研究慢阻肺管理新模式方面有着重要的应用前景。平台的建设和应用只是慢阻肺研究和探索的开始,未来也期望通过平台的建设和探索,实现医院间患者的同质化管理、慢阻肺患者的个体化精准化管理,不断培养临床医生研究思维和研究能力,推动慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊治新发展。Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as a common and frequently-occurring respiratory disease, has a very high morbidity, disability and mortality rate. However, there are some problems in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This paper realizes the framework construction of COPD data platform through six modules and puts forward the significance of the platform construction. Through the construction of the platform, it has an important application prospect in the closed-loop management of patients, the compliance of patients and their families to disease management, the management of stable period and the research of a new model of COPD management. The construction and application of the platform is only the beginning of COPD research and exploration. In the future, it is also expected that through the construction and exploration of the platform, homogenized management of patients between hospitals and individualized and precise management of COPD patients can be achieved, and clinicians’ research thinking and research ability can be continuously cultivated to promote the new development of the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
