目的:通过比较绒毛膜促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)降调节时间的不同对卵泡直径、子宫内膜厚度以及血卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平的影响,从而寻求体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)超促排卵相对合适的启动时间。方法...目的:通过比较绒毛膜促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)降调节时间的不同对卵泡直径、子宫内膜厚度以及血卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平的影响,从而寻求体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)超促排卵相对合适的启动时间。方法:选择2009年在我中心进行IVF-ET的患者42例,全部采用黄体中期GnRH-a降调节的长方案。①根据GnRH-a降调节时间的不同分为降调节10、15、18 d 3组,分别进行B超监测卵泡的直径、子宫内膜厚度,抽血测定FSH、LH、E2水平,比较降调节时间的不同对卵泡直径、内膜厚度、性激素水平的影响。②降调节后的1、7、10、14 d,分别比较注射GnRH-a前以及注射后2、3 h血FSH、LH的变化。结果:①降调节10、15、18 d不同直径卵泡所占百分比:3～4 mm:16.8%vs 7.09%vs 10.38%;4.5～7.0 mm:80.24%vs89.55%vs 84.62;7.5～10 mm:2.96%vs 3.36%vs 5%。3～4 mm直径的卵泡在降调节10 d所占比例,与15、18 d有显著差异(P<0.05);4.5～7 mm直径的卵泡在15 d所占比例与10、18 d有显著差异(P<0.05);②降调节10、15、18 d内膜厚度(mm):7.73±2.48 vs 5.41±0.79 vs 5.24±0.85,降调节10 d内膜明显厚于15、18 d,有显著差异(P<0.05);③降调节10、15、18 d血FSH(mIU/ml):3.70±1.10 vs 3.51±0.72 vs 3.47±0.61;血LH(mIU/ml):1.23±1 vs 1.09±0.47 vs 1.22±0.72;E2:41.84±36.81 vs 32.84±14.32 vs 9.50±8.23,无显著差异。研究2:降调节后的1、7、10、14 d,注射GnRH-a后2、3 h,血FSH、LH都有升高,其中D1 d升高幅度最大,1.87±1.49 vs 13.33±7.81;1.06±1.13 vs 47.40±29.97,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:在IVF-ET超促排卵长方案中,当GnRH-a降调节10 d,子宫内膜厚度、血FSH、LH、E2已趋于稳定,无很大波动;而卵泡直径在降调节15 d,4.5～7.0 mm的卵泡所占比例较10 d组增加,继续降调节至18 d,该组卵泡数并不增多,但3～4 mm的小卵泡数有所增加。因此,适当延长GnRH-a降调节时间可以改善卵泡发育的同步性。展开更多
High rate of relapse to drug using behavior after long period of abstinence cha racterizes the behavior of experienced users of heroin and other drugs of abuse, and the relapse remains the primary problem for treatmen...High rate of relapse to drug using behavior after long period of abstinence cha racterizes the behavior of experienced users of heroin and other drugs of abuse, and the relapse remains the primary problem for treatment. In the present study we built a putative animal model that mimic human relapse i.e., the reinstatement o f morph ine induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. In this study, we found electroacupuncture (EA) with low frequency (2 and 2/100 Hz) could inhibit drug priming or footshock induced CPP reinstatement in rats whe n it was given 18 hours before reinstatement, and these effects were found to be naloxone reversible, suggesting a mechanism involving the activation of opioid receptors by endogenous opioid ligands; while EA with high frequency (100 Hz) h ad no effect. Pr evious studies in our lab have amply shown that low frequency (2 Hz) stimulation could increase the release of enkephalin which acts on μ and δ opioid recepto rs up the spinal level, while high frequency (100 Hz) stimulation could increase the release of dynorphin which interacts with κ opioid receptor at spinal leve l. So we concluded the effect of EA with low frequency on relapse involving a me chanism of the activation of opioid receptors by endogenous opioid ligands above the spinal level. And we suggest that EA may be used as a putative measure for the prevention of relapse to drug use in humans.展开更多
文摘目的:通过比较绒毛膜促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)降调节时间的不同对卵泡直径、子宫内膜厚度以及血卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平的影响,从而寻求体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)超促排卵相对合适的启动时间。方法:选择2009年在我中心进行IVF-ET的患者42例,全部采用黄体中期GnRH-a降调节的长方案。①根据GnRH-a降调节时间的不同分为降调节10、15、18 d 3组,分别进行B超监测卵泡的直径、子宫内膜厚度,抽血测定FSH、LH、E2水平,比较降调节时间的不同对卵泡直径、内膜厚度、性激素水平的影响。②降调节后的1、7、10、14 d,分别比较注射GnRH-a前以及注射后2、3 h血FSH、LH的变化。结果:①降调节10、15、18 d不同直径卵泡所占百分比:3～4 mm:16.8%vs 7.09%vs 10.38%;4.5～7.0 mm:80.24%vs89.55%vs 84.62;7.5～10 mm:2.96%vs 3.36%vs 5%。3～4 mm直径的卵泡在降调节10 d所占比例,与15、18 d有显著差异(P<0.05);4.5～7 mm直径的卵泡在15 d所占比例与10、18 d有显著差异(P<0.05);②降调节10、15、18 d内膜厚度(mm):7.73±2.48 vs 5.41±0.79 vs 5.24±0.85,降调节10 d内膜明显厚于15、18 d,有显著差异(P<0.05);③降调节10、15、18 d血FSH(mIU/ml):3.70±1.10 vs 3.51±0.72 vs 3.47±0.61;血LH(mIU/ml):1.23±1 vs 1.09±0.47 vs 1.22±0.72;E2:41.84±36.81 vs 32.84±14.32 vs 9.50±8.23,无显著差异。研究2:降调节后的1、7、10、14 d,注射GnRH-a后2、3 h,血FSH、LH都有升高,其中D1 d升高幅度最大,1.87±1.49 vs 13.33±7.81;1.06±1.13 vs 47.40±29.97,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:在IVF-ET超促排卵长方案中,当GnRH-a降调节10 d,子宫内膜厚度、血FSH、LH、E2已趋于稳定,无很大波动;而卵泡直径在降调节15 d,4.5～7.0 mm的卵泡所占比例较10 d组增加,继续降调节至18 d,该组卵泡数并不增多,但3～4 mm的小卵泡数有所增加。因此,适当延长GnRH-a降调节时间可以改善卵泡发育的同步性。
文摘High rate of relapse to drug using behavior after long period of abstinence cha racterizes the behavior of experienced users of heroin and other drugs of abuse, and the relapse remains the primary problem for treatment. In the present study we built a putative animal model that mimic human relapse i.e., the reinstatement o f morph ine induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. In this study, we found electroacupuncture (EA) with low frequency (2 and 2/100 Hz) could inhibit drug priming or footshock induced CPP reinstatement in rats whe n it was given 18 hours before reinstatement, and these effects were found to be naloxone reversible, suggesting a mechanism involving the activation of opioid receptors by endogenous opioid ligands; while EA with high frequency (100 Hz) h ad no effect. Pr evious studies in our lab have amply shown that low frequency (2 Hz) stimulation could increase the release of enkephalin which acts on μ and δ opioid recepto rs up the spinal level, while high frequency (100 Hz) stimulation could increase the release of dynorphin which interacts with κ opioid receptor at spinal leve l. So we concluded the effect of EA with low frequency on relapse involving a me chanism of the activation of opioid receptors by endogenous opioid ligands above the spinal level. And we suggest that EA may be used as a putative measure for the prevention of relapse to drug use in humans.
