提高直喷式发动机的效率及减小其排放,需要充分了解喷射器瞬态燃料的注入过程。为揭示高压直喷(High Pressure Direct Injection,HPDI)喷射器燃气针阀的动态特性,文章通过多参数同场同时试验,研究针阀运动特性及其影响规律。测试结果表...提高直喷式发动机的效率及减小其排放,需要充分了解喷射器瞬态燃料的注入过程。为揭示高压直喷(High Pressure Direct Injection,HPDI)喷射器燃气针阀的动态特性,文章通过多参数同场同时试验,研究针阀运动特性及其影响规律。测试结果表明:气体喷射压力和喷射脉宽是影响针阀运动特性的主要因素;随着喷射压力的增大,燃气针阀的提升速度增快;在相同的注入压力下,随着注入时间的增加,针阀的位移曲线由三角形变为梯形;由于燃料喷射过程中喷射器内部节流位置发生变化,喷射规律曲线与针阀运动曲线呈非线性对应关系。本研究结果可为HPDI喷射器的设计提供标定依据。展开更多
The white rust,caused by Puccinia horiana was one of the most important epidemic diseases on Chrysanthemum,and also was a quarantine action pest in the world.Trials determined the teliospores germinating biology of P....The white rust,caused by Puccinia horiana was one of the most important epidemic diseases on Chrysanthemum,and also was a quarantine action pest in the world.Trials determined the teliospores germinating biology of P.horiana : the teliospores were germinated between 4 ℃ and 32 ℃,while the optimum temperature range was 15 ℃ to 24 ℃,especially between 18 ℃ and 21 ℃.Water was necessary for the teliospores germination.Without free water,it couldn’t germinate in 24 h,even with 100 % R.H.The propriety of pH for germination was pH 4 to 6.5, while pH 6 was the most favorite.2 % glucose solution promoted the germination of the teliospores evidently,whereas the fresh juice of chrysanthemum foliages restrained it prominently.Light didn’t influence on the germination.展开更多
针对放电条件下,航空锂电池的放电情况,考虑了电流及温度对极化参数的影响的电池模型。电池电荷状态(State of Charge,SOC)对于电池是十分重要的性能,为了精准估计航空锂电池的电池电荷状态(State of Charge,SOC),尝试使用无迹卡尔曼滤...针对放电条件下,航空锂电池的放电情况,考虑了电流及温度对极化参数的影响的电池模型。电池电荷状态(State of Charge,SOC)对于电池是十分重要的性能,为了精准估计航空锂电池的电池电荷状态(State of Charge,SOC),尝试使用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)对航空锂电池的SOC进行估算,无迹卡尔曼滤波是一种新型的滤波估计算法。UKF以无损变换变换为基础,摒弃了对非线性函数进行线性化的传统做法,采用卡尔曼线性滤波框架,对于一步预测方程,使用无迹(UT)变换来处理均值和协方差的非线性传递,就成为UKF算法。UKF是对非线性函数的概率密度分布进行近似,用一系列确定样本来逼近状态的后验概率密度,而不是对非线性函数进行近似,不需要求导计算Jacobian矩阵。UKF没有线性化忽略高阶项,因此非线性分布统计量的计算精度较高。在simulink上建立航空锂电池的等效电路模型,进行仿真实验。仿真实验表明该算法SOC估算精度误差稳定在百分之五左右。展开更多
文摘提高直喷式发动机的效率及减小其排放,需要充分了解喷射器瞬态燃料的注入过程。为揭示高压直喷(High Pressure Direct Injection,HPDI)喷射器燃气针阀的动态特性,文章通过多参数同场同时试验,研究针阀运动特性及其影响规律。测试结果表明:气体喷射压力和喷射脉宽是影响针阀运动特性的主要因素;随着喷射压力的增大,燃气针阀的提升速度增快;在相同的注入压力下,随着注入时间的增加,针阀的位移曲线由三角形变为梯形;由于燃料喷射过程中喷射器内部节流位置发生变化,喷射规律曲线与针阀运动曲线呈非线性对应关系。本研究结果可为HPDI喷射器的设计提供标定依据。
文摘The white rust,caused by Puccinia horiana was one of the most important epidemic diseases on Chrysanthemum,and also was a quarantine action pest in the world.Trials determined the teliospores germinating biology of P.horiana : the teliospores were germinated between 4 ℃ and 32 ℃,while the optimum temperature range was 15 ℃ to 24 ℃,especially between 18 ℃ and 21 ℃.Water was necessary for the teliospores germination.Without free water,it couldn’t germinate in 24 h,even with 100 % R.H.The propriety of pH for germination was pH 4 to 6.5, while pH 6 was the most favorite.2 % glucose solution promoted the germination of the teliospores evidently,whereas the fresh juice of chrysanthemum foliages restrained it prominently.Light didn’t influence on the germination.
文摘针对放电条件下,航空锂电池的放电情况,考虑了电流及温度对极化参数的影响的电池模型。电池电荷状态(State of Charge,SOC)对于电池是十分重要的性能,为了精准估计航空锂电池的电池电荷状态(State of Charge,SOC),尝试使用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)对航空锂电池的SOC进行估算,无迹卡尔曼滤波是一种新型的滤波估计算法。UKF以无损变换变换为基础,摒弃了对非线性函数进行线性化的传统做法,采用卡尔曼线性滤波框架,对于一步预测方程,使用无迹(UT)变换来处理均值和协方差的非线性传递,就成为UKF算法。UKF是对非线性函数的概率密度分布进行近似,用一系列确定样本来逼近状态的后验概率密度,而不是对非线性函数进行近似,不需要求导计算Jacobian矩阵。UKF没有线性化忽略高阶项,因此非线性分布统计量的计算精度较高。在simulink上建立航空锂电池的等效电路模型,进行仿真实验。仿真实验表明该算法SOC估算精度误差稳定在百分之五左右。