To evaluate the effects of solar greenhouse with different structure and CO2 enrichment on illumination and temperature performance of greenhouse and cucumber growth and development in the central region of Inner Mong...To evaluate the effects of solar greenhouse with different structure and CO2 enrichment on illumination and temperature performance of greenhouse and cucumber growth and development in the central region of Inner Mongolia, the research used traditional solar greenhouse （A） and blanket-inside solar greenhouse（B）, and set 4 treatments： AE （traditional solar greenhouse A with CO2 enrichment）, AN （traditional solar greenhouse A without CO2 enrichment）, BE （blanket-inside solar greenhouse B with CO2 enrichment） and BN （blanket-inside solar greenhouse B without CO2 enrichment）, to explore the influence of cucumber growth, photosynthetic property, quality and yield in different structure solar greenhouses with CO2 enrichment. The results showed that the illumination and temperature in blanket-inside solar greenhouse was superior to traditional solar greenhouse, and the average light intensity in blanket-inside solar greenhouse increased by 21.05%, compared with traditional solar greenhouse. Under the condition of same greenhouse structure, stem height ,average stem diameter, contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C, net photosynthetic rate and yield showed any significant difference between the treatments with CO2 enrichment or not. Under the condition of same CO2 concentration, BE cucumber average stem height, average stem diameter, contents of soluble sugar, net photosynthetic rate and yield in BE was higher than which in AE. Therefore, the optimization in structure of blanket-inside solar greenhouse remarkably improved illumination and temperature property, combining with CO2 enrichment as application technology, there was crucial significance to promote the greenhouse performance and improve the efficiency of greenhouse vegetable production.展开更多
本文基于“质量源于设计”(Quality by Design, QbD)理念设计并优化了氨来呫诺(Amlexanox, AML)亲水凝胶骨架缓释片(简称为“AML缓释片”)的处方工艺。在风险评估的基础上结合单因素考察结果和鱼骨分析法确定潜在关键工艺参数(Critical ...本文基于“质量源于设计”(Quality by Design, QbD)理念设计并优化了氨来呫诺(Amlexanox, AML)亲水凝胶骨架缓释片(简称为“AML缓释片”)的处方工艺。在风险评估的基础上结合单因素考察结果和鱼骨分析法确定潜在关键工艺参数(Critical process parameters, CPPs),采用Plackett-Burman设计对CPPs进行筛选,然后用Box-Behnken设计对CPPs进行优化,建立统计模型,对优化后的工艺进行验证并考察其体外释放行为。结果表明骨架材料用量、黏合剂用量和片剂硬度对片剂释放行为有显著影响,当三者分别为50%~55%、62.5%~100%(占干物料的量)、124~142N时制备的氨来呫诺亲水凝胶骨架缓释片能达到释放目标,即2、6、12、18、24 h的累积释放率分别为8%~10%、25%~30%、50%~55%、75%~80%、95%以上。基于QbD理念设计的氨来呫诺亲水凝胶骨架缓释片处方工艺稳定可行,符合制剂设计的释放要求,具有良好的商业前景。展开更多
Electrocatalysis is key to improving energy efficiency,reducing carbon emissions,and providing a sustainable way of meeting global energy needs.Therefore,elucidating electrochemical reaction mechanisms at the electrol...Electrocatalysis is key to improving energy efficiency,reducing carbon emissions,and providing a sustainable way of meeting global energy needs.Therefore,elucidating electrochemical reaction mechanisms at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces is essential for developing advanced renewable energy technologies.However,the direct probing of real-time interfacial changes,i.e.,the surface intermediates,chemical environment,and electronic structure,under operating conditions is challenging and necessitates the use of in situ methods.Herein,we present a new lab-based instrument commissioned to perform in situ chemical analysis at liquid/solid interfaces using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(APXPS).This setup takes advantage of a chromium source of tender X-rays and is designed to study liquid/solid interfaces by the“dip and pull”method.Each of the main components was carefully described,and the results of performance tests are presented.Using a three-electrode setup,the system can probe the intermediate species and potential shifts across the liquid electrolyte/solid electrode interface.In addition,we demonstrate how this system allows the study of interfacial changes at gas/solid interfaces using a case study:a sodium–oxygen model battery.However,the use of APXPS in electrochemical studies is still in the early stages,so we summarize the current challenges and some developmental frontiers.Despite the challenges,we expect that joint efforts to improve instruments and the electrochemical setup will enable us to obtain a better understanding of the composition–reactivity relationship at electrochemical interfaces under realistic reaction conditions.展开更多
文摘To evaluate the effects of solar greenhouse with different structure and CO2 enrichment on illumination and temperature performance of greenhouse and cucumber growth and development in the central region of Inner Mongolia, the research used traditional solar greenhouse （A） and blanket-inside solar greenhouse（B）, and set 4 treatments： AE （traditional solar greenhouse A with CO2 enrichment）, AN （traditional solar greenhouse A without CO2 enrichment）, BE （blanket-inside solar greenhouse B with CO2 enrichment） and BN （blanket-inside solar greenhouse B without CO2 enrichment）, to explore the influence of cucumber growth, photosynthetic property, quality and yield in different structure solar greenhouses with CO2 enrichment. The results showed that the illumination and temperature in blanket-inside solar greenhouse was superior to traditional solar greenhouse, and the average light intensity in blanket-inside solar greenhouse increased by 21.05%, compared with traditional solar greenhouse. Under the condition of same greenhouse structure, stem height ,average stem diameter, contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C, net photosynthetic rate and yield showed any significant difference between the treatments with CO2 enrichment or not. Under the condition of same CO2 concentration, BE cucumber average stem height, average stem diameter, contents of soluble sugar, net photosynthetic rate and yield in BE was higher than which in AE. Therefore, the optimization in structure of blanket-inside solar greenhouse remarkably improved illumination and temperature property, combining with CO2 enrichment as application technology, there was crucial significance to promote the greenhouse performance and improve the efficiency of greenhouse vegetable production.
文摘本文基于“质量源于设计”(Quality by Design, QbD)理念设计并优化了氨来呫诺(Amlexanox, AML)亲水凝胶骨架缓释片(简称为“AML缓释片”)的处方工艺。在风险评估的基础上结合单因素考察结果和鱼骨分析法确定潜在关键工艺参数(Critical process parameters, CPPs),采用Plackett-Burman设计对CPPs进行筛选,然后用Box-Behnken设计对CPPs进行优化,建立统计模型,对优化后的工艺进行验证并考察其体外释放行为。结果表明骨架材料用量、黏合剂用量和片剂硬度对片剂释放行为有显著影响,当三者分别为50%~55%、62.5%~100%(占干物料的量)、124~142N时制备的氨来呫诺亲水凝胶骨架缓释片能达到释放目标,即2、6、12、18、24 h的累积释放率分别为8%~10%、25%~30%、50%~55%、75%~80%、95%以上。基于QbD理念设计的氨来呫诺亲水凝胶骨架缓释片处方工艺稳定可行,符合制剂设计的释放要求,具有良好的商业前景。
文摘Electrocatalysis is key to improving energy efficiency,reducing carbon emissions,and providing a sustainable way of meeting global energy needs.Therefore,elucidating electrochemical reaction mechanisms at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces is essential for developing advanced renewable energy technologies.However,the direct probing of real-time interfacial changes,i.e.,the surface intermediates,chemical environment,and electronic structure,under operating conditions is challenging and necessitates the use of in situ methods.Herein,we present a new lab-based instrument commissioned to perform in situ chemical analysis at liquid/solid interfaces using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(APXPS).This setup takes advantage of a chromium source of tender X-rays and is designed to study liquid/solid interfaces by the“dip and pull”method.Each of the main components was carefully described,and the results of performance tests are presented.Using a three-electrode setup,the system can probe the intermediate species and potential shifts across the liquid electrolyte/solid electrode interface.In addition,we demonstrate how this system allows the study of interfacial changes at gas/solid interfaces using a case study:a sodium–oxygen model battery.However,the use of APXPS in electrochemical studies is still in the early stages,so we summarize the current challenges and some developmental frontiers.Despite the challenges,we expect that joint efforts to improve instruments and the electrochemical setup will enable us to obtain a better understanding of the composition–reactivity relationship at electrochemical interfaces under realistic reaction conditions.
