Foundation No.5 of Erlitou Site located in middle east of the palace area,which was paralleling to Foundation No.3 in east and west.Two remains were large-sized rammed-earth foundation of Phase II of Erlitou Culture.F...Foundation No.5 of Erlitou Site located in middle east of the palace area,which was paralleling to Foundation No.3 in east and west.Two remains were large-sized rammed-earth foundation of Phase II of Erlitou Culture.Foundation No.5 covered 2700 sq m currently,without wall.The foundation contained four layers of courtyards,in which buried several contemporaneous burials of aristocrats.Foundation No.5 would be the earliest and best in conservation large-sized rammed-earth courtyards having two or more layers,of which showed the distinction of palace architecture in early Erilitou Culture.It was the origin of the later palace architecture in courtyards of China.展开更多
良渚文化(5300~4300cal a BP)是长江三角洲地区新石器文化发展的巅峰,其社会发展水平已进入古国文明时期.然而,对于良渚文化衰亡的原因,目前仍然存有较大争议.部分学者将其归因于社会矛盾或外族入侵,但也有观点认为是寒冷、洪水或台风...良渚文化(5300~4300cal a BP)是长江三角洲地区新石器文化发展的巅峰,其社会发展水平已进入古国文明时期.然而,对于良渚文化衰亡的原因,目前仍然存有较大争议.部分学者将其归因于社会矛盾或外族入侵,但也有观点认为是寒冷、洪水或台风等极端环境恶化事件造成了文明的间断.解决这些争议的重要线索之一,就在于广泛叠压在良渚遗址文化层上的黄色粉砂土沉积,有关其形成的过程和原因,是深入理解良渚文化衰亡原因的关键.本研究选择了良渚古城遗址内包含良渚文化层和黄色粉砂土沉积的两处典型剖面,通过碳十四、光释光测年和孢粉、植硅体及硅藻等微体化石分析,结合不同沉积物地球化学证据,重建区域生态环境和人类活动演变过程,并讨论其与良渚文化衰亡的联系.研究显示,区域生态环境在4800~4400cal a BP期间为典型的淡水湿地,促进了稻作农业的发展和良渚古城大规模工程建设.黄色粉砂土沉积的测年和微体化石证据显示,良渚古城遗址在废弃后的4300~3400cal a BP期间受到海水的显著影响.微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素的证据进一步揭示,黄色粉砂土的物源可能是来自钱塘江、东海、长江和黄河的沉积混合物,经由黄海沿岸流和海水入侵搬运到良渚古城遗址.综合长江三角洲地区考古遗址和数值模拟结果,推测约4400cal a BP相对海平面短期快速上升造成环太湖地区海水入侵,形成大范围黄色粉砂土沉积,破坏了稻作农业生产,最终导致了良渚文化的衰亡.展开更多
文摘Foundation No.5 of Erlitou Site located in middle east of the palace area,which was paralleling to Foundation No.3 in east and west.Two remains were large-sized rammed-earth foundation of Phase II of Erlitou Culture.Foundation No.5 covered 2700 sq m currently,without wall.The foundation contained four layers of courtyards,in which buried several contemporaneous burials of aristocrats.Foundation No.5 would be the earliest and best in conservation large-sized rammed-earth courtyards having two or more layers,of which showed the distinction of palace architecture in early Erilitou Culture.It was the origin of the later palace architecture in courtyards of China.
文摘良渚文化(5300~4300cal a BP)是长江三角洲地区新石器文化发展的巅峰,其社会发展水平已进入古国文明时期.然而,对于良渚文化衰亡的原因,目前仍然存有较大争议.部分学者将其归因于社会矛盾或外族入侵,但也有观点认为是寒冷、洪水或台风等极端环境恶化事件造成了文明的间断.解决这些争议的重要线索之一,就在于广泛叠压在良渚遗址文化层上的黄色粉砂土沉积,有关其形成的过程和原因,是深入理解良渚文化衰亡原因的关键.本研究选择了良渚古城遗址内包含良渚文化层和黄色粉砂土沉积的两处典型剖面,通过碳十四、光释光测年和孢粉、植硅体及硅藻等微体化石分析,结合不同沉积物地球化学证据,重建区域生态环境和人类活动演变过程,并讨论其与良渚文化衰亡的联系.研究显示,区域生态环境在4800~4400cal a BP期间为典型的淡水湿地,促进了稻作农业的发展和良渚古城大规模工程建设.黄色粉砂土沉积的测年和微体化石证据显示,良渚古城遗址在废弃后的4300~3400cal a BP期间受到海水的显著影响.微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素的证据进一步揭示,黄色粉砂土的物源可能是来自钱塘江、东海、长江和黄河的沉积混合物,经由黄海沿岸流和海水入侵搬运到良渚古城遗址.综合长江三角洲地区考古遗址和数值模拟结果,推测约4400cal a BP相对海平面短期快速上升造成环太湖地区海水入侵,形成大范围黄色粉砂土沉积,破坏了稻作农业生产,最终导致了良渚文化的衰亡.