Based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model describing the evolution of the chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma system with finite baryon density in a 3＋1-dimensional spacetime, we compute photons from the qua...Based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model describing the evolution of the chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma system with finite baryon density in a 3＋1-dimensional spacetime, we compute photons from the quark phase, hadronic phase and initial non-thermal contributions. It is found that due to the effects of the initial quark chemical potential, chemical equilibration and rapid expansion of the system, the photon yield of the quark-gluon plasma is strongly suppressed, and photons from hadronic matter and initial non-thermal contributions almost reproduce experimental data.展开更多
We investigate hard photon production of the near-collinear bremsstrahlung and a new process called the inelastic pair annihilation, fully including the LPM effect, in a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma at ...We investigate hard photon production of the near-collinear bremsstrahlung and a new process called the inelastic pair annihilation, fully including the LPM effect, in a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density, and find that the effect of the system evolution on the photon production and large contribution of the bremsstrahlung make the total photon yield of the two processes as a strongly increasing function of the initial quark chemical potential.展开更多
We study hard photon production from a two-loop level （bremsstrahlung and annihilation with scattering） in a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density based on Jüttner distribution of...We study hard photon production from a two-loop level （bremsstrahlung and annihilation with scattering） in a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density based on Jüttner distribution of partons of the system. We find that the photon yield from the two-loop level increases obviously with the increasing initial quark chemical potential.展开更多
We perform a complete calculation for the dilepton production from the processes qq→ll Compton-like （qg-＋qll, qg→qU, qq→gll, gluon fusion gg→cc, annihilation qq→cc as well as multiple scattering of quarks in a ...We perform a complete calculation for the dilepton production from the processes qq→ll Compton-like （qg-＋qll, qg→qU, qq→gll, gluon fusion gg→cc, annihilation qq→cc as well as multiple scattering of quarks in a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma system at finite baryon density. It is found that quark-antiquark annihilation, Compton-like, gluon fusion and multiple scattering of quarks give important contribution. Moreover, the increase of the quark phase life-time with increasing initial quark chemical potential makes the dilepton yield as an increasing function of the initial quark chemical potential.展开更多
电子商务的迅猛发展改变了人们的生活方式,随着电商平台的日益壮大,平台经营者对平台内经营者的管控能力也更强,因而应当承担的注意义务也更重。《电子商务法》第38条第二款规定的“相应责任”这一模糊表达给平台责任的确定带来极大争...电子商务的迅猛发展改变了人们的生活方式,随着电商平台的日益壮大,平台经营者对平台内经营者的管控能力也更强,因而应当承担的注意义务也更重。《电子商务法》第38条第二款规定的“相应责任”这一模糊表达给平台责任的确定带来极大争议。对平台责任的解释可以先确定审核义务和安全保障义务的内容和认定要素,再将“相应责任”限定在民事责任的框架下讨论。现实情况的复杂性决定了具体问题具体分析这一方案,在个案中分析权衡该适用连带责任、按份责任还是补充责任,可以避免平台承担过重或者过轻的责任。The rapid development of e-commerce has changed people’s lifestyles, and with the growing growth of e-commerce platforms, platform operators have a stronger ability to control the operators on the platform, so they should bear a heavier duty of care. The vague expression of “corresponding liability” under the second paragraph of Article 38 of the E-Commerce Law has brought great controversy to the determination of the liability of the platform. The interpretation of the platform’s liability can first determine the content and determination elements of the review obligation and the security guarantee obligation, and then limit the discussion of “corresponding liability” to the framework of civil liability. The complexity of the actual situation determines that this solution should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis, and the analysis and weighing of joint and several liability, share liability or supplementary liability in individual cases can avoid the platform from assuming excessive or light liability.展开更多
基金Supported in part by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No KJCX3-SYW-N2, the CAS Master Scholar Fund, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10605037, 10610285 and 10405031, the National Basic Research and Development Programme of China under Grant No 2007CB815004.
文摘Based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model describing the evolution of the chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma system with finite baryon density in a 3＋1-dimensional spacetime, we compute photons from the quark phase, hadronic phase and initial non-thermal contributions. It is found that due to the effects of the initial quark chemical potential, chemical equilibration and rapid expansion of the system, the photon yield of the quark-gluon plasma is strongly suppressed, and photons from hadronic matter and initial non-thermal contributions almost reproduce experimental data.
基金Supported in part by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy Sciences under Grant No KJCX2-N11, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10405031, 10328509, and 10135030, the Major Statc Basic Research Development Program of China under Grant No G200077400.
文摘We investigate hard photon production of the near-collinear bremsstrahlung and a new process called the inelastic pair annihilation, fully including the LPM effect, in a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density, and find that the effect of the system evolution on the photon production and large contribution of the bremsstrahlung make the total photon yield of the two processes as a strongly increasing function of the initial quark chemical potential.
基金Supported in part by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No KJCX2-N11, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10405031, 10275002, 10328509 and 10135030, the Major State Basic Research and Development Programme of China under Grant No G200077400.
文摘We study hard photon production from a two-loop level （bremsstrahlung and annihilation with scattering） in a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density based on Jüttner distribution of partons of the system. We find that the photon yield from the two-loop level increases obviously with the increasing initial quark chemical potential.
基金Supported in part by THE Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Science under Grant No KJCX2-N11, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10075071, 10275002, 10328509, 10135030 and 10875159, the Major State Basic Research Programme of China under Contract No G200077400.
文摘We perform a complete calculation for the dilepton production from the processes qq→ll Compton-like （qg-＋qll, qg→qU, qq→gll, gluon fusion gg→cc, annihilation qq→cc as well as multiple scattering of quarks in a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma system at finite baryon density. It is found that quark-antiquark annihilation, Compton-like, gluon fusion and multiple scattering of quarks give important contribution. Moreover, the increase of the quark phase life-time with increasing initial quark chemical potential makes the dilepton yield as an increasing function of the initial quark chemical potential.
文摘电子商务的迅猛发展改变了人们的生活方式,随着电商平台的日益壮大,平台经营者对平台内经营者的管控能力也更强,因而应当承担的注意义务也更重。《电子商务法》第38条第二款规定的“相应责任”这一模糊表达给平台责任的确定带来极大争议。对平台责任的解释可以先确定审核义务和安全保障义务的内容和认定要素,再将“相应责任”限定在民事责任的框架下讨论。现实情况的复杂性决定了具体问题具体分析这一方案,在个案中分析权衡该适用连带责任、按份责任还是补充责任,可以避免平台承担过重或者过轻的责任。The rapid development of e-commerce has changed people’s lifestyles, and with the growing growth of e-commerce platforms, platform operators have a stronger ability to control the operators on the platform, so they should bear a heavier duty of care. The vague expression of “corresponding liability” under the second paragraph of Article 38 of the E-Commerce Law has brought great controversy to the determination of the liability of the platform. The interpretation of the platform’s liability can first determine the content and determination elements of the review obligation and the security guarantee obligation, and then limit the discussion of “corresponding liability” to the framework of civil liability. The complexity of the actual situation determines that this solution should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis, and the analysis and weighing of joint and several liability, share liability or supplementary liability in individual cases can avoid the platform from assuming excessive or light liability.
