Named entity recognition(NER)is a fundamental task of information extraction(IE),and it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years.The abundant annotated English NER datasets have significantly prom...Named entity recognition(NER)is a fundamental task of information extraction(IE),and it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years.The abundant annotated English NER datasets have significantly promoted the NER research in the English field.By contrast,much fewer efforts are made to the Chinese NER research,especially in the scientific domain,due to the scarcity of Chinese NER datasets.To alleviate this problem,we present aChinese scientificNER dataset–SciCN,which contains entity annotations of titles and abstracts derived from 3,500 scientific papers.We manually annotate a total of 62,059 entities,and these entities are classified into six types.Compared to English scientific NER datasets,SciCN has a larger scale and is more diverse,for it not only contains more paper abstracts but these abstracts are derived from more research fields.To investigate the properties of SciCN and provide baselines for future research,we adapt a number of previous state-of-theart Chinese NER models to evaluate SciCN.Experimental results show that SciCN is more challenging than other Chinese NER datasets.In addition,previous studies have proven the effectiveness of using lexicons to enhance Chinese NER models.Motivated by this fact,we provide a scientific domain-specific lexicon.Validation results demonstrate that our lexicon delivers better performance gains than lexicons of other domains.We hope that the SciCN dataset and the lexicon will enable us to benchmark the NER task regarding the Chinese scientific domain and make progress for future research.The dataset and lexicon are available at:https://github.com/yangjingla/SciCN.git.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD),frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson's disease,and dementia with Lewy bodies,represent tremendous unmet clinical needs.A common feature of these diseas...Neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD),frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson's disease,and dementia with Lewy bodies,represent tremendous unmet clinical needs.A common feature of these diseases is the aberrant cerebral accumulation of pathological protein aggregates,affecting selectively vulnerable circuits in a disease-specific pattern.Earlier studies have established a relationship between abnormal aggregation and neuronal dysfunction or loss,suggesting multifactorial pathogenesis mechanisms in these neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
In this research,two novel folded lattice-core sandwich cylinders were designed,manufactured,and tested.The lattice core has periodic zigzag corrugations,whose ridges and valleys are directed axially or circumferentia...In this research,two novel folded lattice-core sandwich cylinders were designed,manufactured,and tested.The lattice core has periodic zigzag corrugations,whose ridges and valleys are directed axially or circumferentially.Free vibration and axial compression experiments were performed to reveal the fundamental frequency,free vibration modes,bearing capacity,and failure mode of the cylinder.A folded lattice core effectively restricts local buckling by reducing the dimension of the local skin periodic cell,and improves the global buckling resistance by enhancing the shear stiffness of the sandwich core.The cylinders fail at the mode of material failure and possess excellent load-carrying capacity.An axially directed folded sandwich cylinder has greater load-carrying capacity,while a circumferentially directed folded sandwich cylinder has higher fundamental frequencies.These two types of folded lattices provide a selection for engineers when designing a sandwich cylinder requiring strength or vibration.This research also presents a feasible way to fabricate a large-dimensional folded structure and promote its engineering application.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to investigate virtual population pharmacokinetic using physiologically based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model for evaluating bioequivalence of oral lacidipine formulations in dogs. The dis...The aim of the present study was to investigate virtual population pharmacokinetic using physiologically based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model for evaluating bioequivalence of oral lacidipine formulations in dogs. The dissolution behaviors of three lacidipine formulations including one commercial product and two self-made amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs)capsules were determined in 0.07% Tween 80 media. A randomized 3-period crossover design in 6 healthy beagle dogs after oral administration of the three formulations at a single dose of 4 mg was conducted. The PBPK modeling was utilized for the virtual bioequivalence study.In vitro dissolution experiment showed that the dissolution behaviors of lacidipine amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs) capsules, which was respectively prepared by HPMC-E5 or Soluplus, as polymer displayed similar curves compared with the reference formulation in 0.07% Tween 80 media. In vivo pharmacokinetics experiments showed that three formulations had comparable maximum plasma drug concentration(Cmax), and the time(Tmax) to reach Cmax of lacidipine tablet, which was prepared by Soluplus, as polymer was slower than other two formulations in consistency with the in vitro dissolution rate. The 90% confidence interval(CI) for the Cmax, AUC0–24 h and AUC0–∞ of the ratio of the test drug to the reference drug exceeded the acceptable bioequivalence(BE) limits(0.80–1.25). However, the 90% CI of the AUC0–24 h, AUC0–∞ and Cmax of the ratio of test to reference drug were within the BE limit,calculated using PBPK modeling when the virtual subjects reached 24 dogs. The results all demonstrated that virtual bioequivalence study can overcome the inequivalence caused by inter-subject variability of the 6 beagle dogs involved in in vivo experiments.展开更多
The RF system of CYCIAE-100 cyclotron has two cavities, which are driven separately by two identical 100-k W RF amplifiers. Due to the power on sequence issue of the three DDSs in the LLRF systems, each time when the ...The RF system of CYCIAE-100 cyclotron has two cavities, which are driven separately by two identical 100-k W RF amplifiers. Due to the power on sequence issue of the three DDSs in the LLRF systems, each time when the system is individually switched on, the phase relationship may not satisfy the requirements of beam acceleration. Instead of adding an extra reset logic to the system, a search and validation algorithm based on the decision tree has been carried out to make sure the phase of the two cavities is correct right after applying power to the cavities, taking advantage of existing hardware resources. In the first year of operation, there are more than 20 times of scheduled shutdown of the cyclotron system. For each time when the cyclotron RF system is completely shutdown and powered on again, the operator confirmed that the phase matching of the two cavities can be done automatically within 30 s. The related work, including the optimization of the phase detector and the development and validation of the algorithm, is reported in this paper.展开更多
Owing to the absence of proper analytical solution of cantilever beams for couple stress/strain gradient elasto-plastic theory, experimental studies of the cantilever beam in the micro-scale are not suitable for the d...Owing to the absence of proper analytical solution of cantilever beams for couple stress/strain gradient elasto-plastic theory, experimental studies of the cantilever beam in the micro-scale are not suitable for the determination of material length-scale. Based on the couple stress elasto-plasticity, an analytical solution of thin cantilever beams is firstly presented, and the solution can be regarded as an extension of the elastic and rigid-plastic solutions of pure bending beam. A comparison with numerical results shows that the current analytical solution is reliable for the case of σ0 〈〈 H 〈〈 E, where σ0 is the initial yield strength, H is the hardening modulus and E is the elastic modulus. Fortunately, the above mentioned condition can be satisfied for many metal materials, and thus the solution can be used to determine the material length-scale of micro-structures in conjunction with the experiment of cantilever beams in the micro-scale.展开更多
An exhaustive study has been conducted to investigate span-based models for the joint entity and relation extraction task.However,these models sample a large number of negative entities and negative relations during t...An exhaustive study has been conducted to investigate span-based models for the joint entity and relation extraction task.However,these models sample a large number of negative entities and negative relations during the model training,which are essential but result in grossly imbalanced data distributions and in turn cause suboptimal model performance.In order to address the above issues,we propose a two-phase paradigm for the span-based joint entity and relation extraction,which involves classifying the entities and relations in the first phase,and predicting the types of these entities and relations in the second phase.The two-phase paradigm enables our model to significantly reduce the data distribution gap,including the gap between negative entities and other entities,aswell as the gap between negative relations and other relations.In addition,we make the first attempt at combining entity type and entity distance as global features,which has proven effective,especially for the relation extraction.Experimental results on several datasets demonstrate that the span-based joint extraction model augmented with the two-phase paradigm and the global features consistently outperforms previous state-ofthe-art span-based models for the joint extraction task,establishing a new standard benchmark.Qualitative and quantitative analyses further validate the effectiveness the proposed paradigm and the global features.展开更多
One of the major barriers in utilizing prodrug nanocarriers for cancer therapy is the slow release of parent drug in tumors.Tumor cells generally display the higher oxidative level than normal cells,and also displayed...One of the major barriers in utilizing prodrug nanocarriers for cancer therapy is the slow release of parent drug in tumors.Tumor cells generally display the higher oxidative level than normal cells,and also displayed the heterogeneity in terms of redox homeostasis level.We previously found that the disulfide bond-linkage demonstrates surprising oxidationsensitivity to form the hydrophilic sulfoxide and sulphone groups.Herein,we develop oxidation-strengthened prodrug nanosystem loaded with pyropheophorbide a(PPa)to achieve light-activatable cascade drug release and enhance therapeutic efficacy.The disulfide bond-driven prodrug nanosystems not only respond to the redox-heterogeneity in tumor,but also respond to the exogenous oxidant(singlet oxygen)elicited by photosensitizers.Once the prodrug nanoparticles(NPs)are activated under irradiation,they would undergo an oxidative self-strengthened process,resulting in a facilitated drug cascade release.The IC50 value of the PPa@PTX-S-S NPs without irradiation was 2-fold higher than those of NPs plus irradiation.In vivo,the PPa@PTX prodrug NPs display prolonged systemic circulation and increased accumulation in tumor site.The PPa@PTXS-S NPs showed much higher efficiency than free PTX or the PPa@PTX-C-C NPs to suppress the growth of 4 T1 tumors.Therefore,this novel oxidation-strengthened disulfide-bridged prodrug-nanosystem has a great potential in the enhanced efficacy of cancer synergetic photochemotherapy.展开更多
The multilayer Laue lens(MLL) is a diffractive focusing optical element which can focus hard X-rays down to the nanometer scale. In this study, a WSi_(2)/Si multilayer structure consisting of 1736 layers, with a 7.2-n...The multilayer Laue lens(MLL) is a diffractive focusing optical element which can focus hard X-rays down to the nanometer scale. In this study, a WSi_(2)/Si multilayer structure consisting of 1736 layers, with a 7.2-nm-thick outermost layer and a total thickness of 17 μm, is prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Regarding the thin film growth rate calibration, we correct the long-term growth rate drift from 2 to 0.6%, as measured by the grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity(GIXRR). A one-dimensional line focusing resolution of 64 nm was achieved,while the diffraction efficiency was 38% of the-1 order of the MLL Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) with the BL15U beamline.展开更多
A sensitive and selective method based on gas chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry （GC- MS） was developed and validated for the determination of atractylon in rat plasma. Plasma samples were processed by l...A sensitive and selective method based on gas chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry （GC- MS） was developed and validated for the determination of atractylon in rat plasma. Plasma samples were processed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate-n-hexane （1：1, v/v） using acetophenone as an internal standard （IS）. Analytes were determined in selective ion monitoring （SIM） mode using target ions at m/z 108.1 for atractylon and m/z 105.1 for acetophenone. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 10-1000 ng/mL with lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision variations were not more than 10.4% and 9.6%, respectively, whilst accuracy values ranged from -6.5% to 4.9%. Extraction recovery of the assay was satisfactory. This method was suc- cessfully applied to quantification and pharmacokinetic study of atractylon in rat plasma after in- tragastric administration of Atractvlodis extract.展开更多
Sea asparagus is a newly emerging seawater-irrigated vegetable. Firstly, the economic value of sea asparagus was introduced, and then, someexploiting approaches of sea asparagus werefully reviewed. The exploiting appr...Sea asparagus is a newly emerging seawater-irrigated vegetable. Firstly, the economic value of sea asparagus was introduced, and then, someexploiting approaches of sea asparagus werefully reviewed. The exploiting approaches mainly include fresh vegetable, pickle, bio-salt, health-care products, animal feed, vegetable oil, bio-diesel and skin-care products.展开更多
Power flow calculation is the basis of power grid planning and many system analysis tasks require convergent power flow conditions.To address the unsolvable power flow problem caused by the reactive power imbalance,a ...Power flow calculation is the basis of power grid planning and many system analysis tasks require convergent power flow conditions.To address the unsolvable power flow problem caused by the reactive power imbalance,a method for adjusting reactive power flow convergence based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed.The deep reinforcement learning method takes switching parallel reactive compensation as the action space and sets the reward value based on the power flow convergence and reactive power adjustment.For the non-convergence power flow,the 500 kV nodes with reactive power compensation devices on the low-voltage side are converted into PV nodes by node type switching.And the quantified reactive power non-convergence index is acquired.Then,the action space and reward value of deep reinforcement learning are reasonably designed and the adjustment strategy is obtained by taking the reactive power non-convergence index as the algorithm state space.Finally,the effectiveness of the power flow convergence adjustment algorithm is verified by an actual power grid system in a province.展开更多
Unsteady cavitating flow often contains vapor structures with a wide range of different length scales,from micro-bubbles to large cavities,which issues a big challenge to precisely investigate its evolution mechanism ...Unsteady cavitating flow often contains vapor structures with a wide range of different length scales,from micro-bubbles to large cavities,which issues a big challenge to precisely investigate its evolution mechanism by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.The present work reviews the development of simulation methods for cavitation,especially the emerging Euler-Lagrange approach.Additionally,the progress of the numerical investigation of hot and vital issues is discussed,including cavitation inception,cloud cavitation inner structure and its formation mechanism,cavitation erosion,and cavitation noise.It is indicated that the Euler-Lagrange method can determine cavitation inception point better.For cloud cavitation,the Euler-Lagrange method can reveal the source of microbubbles and their distribution law inside the shedding cloud.This method also has advantages and great potential in assessing cloud cavitation-induced erosion and noise.With the ever-growing demands of cavitation simulation accuracy in basic research and engineering applications,how to improve the Euler-Lagrange method’s stability and applicability is still an open problem.To further promote the application of this advanced CFD simulation technology in cavitation research,some key issues are to be solved and feasible suggestions are put forward for further work.展开更多
Two-dimensional layered aluminum-based adsorbents have been developed and successfully applied to enrich low-concentration lithium from shale gas produced water.The adsorbent,synthesized with a lithium-to-aluminum mol...Two-dimensional layered aluminum-based adsorbents have been developed and successfully applied to enrich low-concentration lithium from shale gas produced water.The adsorbent,synthesized with a lithium-to-aluminum molar ratio of 0.6 in the salt solution,demonstrated exceptional performance characteristics.Its structure,featuring nano-encapsulated layers,facilitated lithium insertion,enhanced the surface area,and optimized pore size distribution for efficient adsorption.The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min,closely aligning with the pseudo-second-order model.The isotherm analysis,based on the Sips model,suggested a nonhomogeneous multilayer adsorption process.Additionally,the adsorbent showed exceptional selectivity for Li^(+)over Na^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+),ensuring effective lithium enrichment.Further desorption studies indicated that optimal conditions involved using deionized water at 333 K with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 80 mL/g.The adsorbent maintained robust performance and structural integrity through five adsorption-desorption cycles,highlighting its potential for recyclability and practical application in lithium recovery.These developments represent significant progress in harnessing lithium resources from shale gas produced water,thereby supporting advancements in clean energy technologies.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program[2020YFB1006302].
文摘Named entity recognition(NER)is a fundamental task of information extraction(IE),and it has attracted considerable research attention in recent years.The abundant annotated English NER datasets have significantly promoted the NER research in the English field.By contrast,much fewer efforts are made to the Chinese NER research,especially in the scientific domain,due to the scarcity of Chinese NER datasets.To alleviate this problem,we present aChinese scientificNER dataset–SciCN,which contains entity annotations of titles and abstracts derived from 3,500 scientific papers.We manually annotate a total of 62,059 entities,and these entities are classified into six types.Compared to English scientific NER datasets,SciCN has a larger scale and is more diverse,for it not only contains more paper abstracts but these abstracts are derived from more research fields.To investigate the properties of SciCN and provide baselines for future research,we adapt a number of previous state-of-theart Chinese NER models to evaluate SciCN.Experimental results show that SciCN is more challenging than other Chinese NER datasets.In addition,previous studies have proven the effectiveness of using lexicons to enhance Chinese NER models.Motivated by this fact,we provide a scientific domain-specific lexicon.Validation results demonstrate that our lexicon delivers better performance gains than lexicons of other domains.We hope that the SciCN dataset and the lexicon will enable us to benchmark the NER task regarding the Chinese scientific domain and make progress for future research.The dataset and lexicon are available at:https://github.com/yangjingla/SciCN.git.
基金RN received funding from Swiss Centre for Applied Human ToxicologyHelmut Hortun Stiftung。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD),frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson's disease,and dementia with Lewy bodies,represent tremendous unmet clinical needs.A common feature of these diseases is the aberrant cerebral accumulation of pathological protein aggregates,affecting selectively vulnerable circuits in a disease-specific pattern.Earlier studies have established a relationship between abnormal aggregation and neuronal dysfunction or loss,suggesting multifactorial pathogenesis mechanisms in these neurodegenerative disorders.
基金Support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11672130 and 11972184)the State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures(MCMS-0217G03)Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In this research,two novel folded lattice-core sandwich cylinders were designed,manufactured,and tested.The lattice core has periodic zigzag corrugations,whose ridges and valleys are directed axially or circumferentially.Free vibration and axial compression experiments were performed to reveal the fundamental frequency,free vibration modes,bearing capacity,and failure mode of the cylinder.A folded lattice core effectively restricts local buckling by reducing the dimension of the local skin periodic cell,and improves the global buckling resistance by enhancing the shear stiffness of the sandwich core.The cylinders fail at the mode of material failure and possess excellent load-carrying capacity.An axially directed folded sandwich cylinder has greater load-carrying capacity,while a circumferentially directed folded sandwich cylinder has higher fundamental frequencies.These two types of folded lattices provide a selection for engineers when designing a sandwich cylinder requiring strength or vibration.This research also presents a feasible way to fabricate a large-dimensional folded structure and promote its engineering application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81173009)the Technology Bureau in Shenyang (No. ZCJJ2013402)the Project for New Century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education (No. NCET-12-1015)
文摘The aim of the present study was to investigate virtual population pharmacokinetic using physiologically based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model for evaluating bioequivalence of oral lacidipine formulations in dogs. The dissolution behaviors of three lacidipine formulations including one commercial product and two self-made amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs)capsules were determined in 0.07% Tween 80 media. A randomized 3-period crossover design in 6 healthy beagle dogs after oral administration of the three formulations at a single dose of 4 mg was conducted. The PBPK modeling was utilized for the virtual bioequivalence study.In vitro dissolution experiment showed that the dissolution behaviors of lacidipine amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs) capsules, which was respectively prepared by HPMC-E5 or Soluplus, as polymer displayed similar curves compared with the reference formulation in 0.07% Tween 80 media. In vivo pharmacokinetics experiments showed that three formulations had comparable maximum plasma drug concentration(Cmax), and the time(Tmax) to reach Cmax of lacidipine tablet, which was prepared by Soluplus, as polymer was slower than other two formulations in consistency with the in vitro dissolution rate. The 90% confidence interval(CI) for the Cmax, AUC0–24 h and AUC0–∞ of the ratio of the test drug to the reference drug exceeded the acceptable bioequivalence(BE) limits(0.80–1.25). However, the 90% CI of the AUC0–24 h, AUC0–∞ and Cmax of the ratio of test to reference drug were within the BE limit,calculated using PBPK modeling when the virtual subjects reached 24 dogs. The results all demonstrated that virtual bioequivalence study can overcome the inequivalence caused by inter-subject variability of the 6 beagle dogs involved in in vivo experiments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11375274 and 11475269)
文摘The RF system of CYCIAE-100 cyclotron has two cavities, which are driven separately by two identical 100-k W RF amplifiers. Due to the power on sequence issue of the three DDSs in the LLRF systems, each time when the system is individually switched on, the phase relationship may not satisfy the requirements of beam acceleration. Instead of adding an extra reset logic to the system, a search and validation algorithm based on the decision tree has been carried out to make sure the phase of the two cavities is correct right after applying power to the cavities, taking advantage of existing hardware resources. In the first year of operation, there are more than 20 times of scheduled shutdown of the cyclotron system. For each time when the cyclotron RF system is completely shutdown and powered on again, the operator confirmed that the phase matching of the two cavities can be done automatically within 30 s. The related work, including the optimization of the phase detector and the development and validation of the algorithm, is reported in this paper.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50479058, 10672032)
文摘Owing to the absence of proper analytical solution of cantilever beams for couple stress/strain gradient elasto-plastic theory, experimental studies of the cantilever beam in the micro-scale are not suitable for the determination of material length-scale. Based on the couple stress elasto-plasticity, an analytical solution of thin cantilever beams is firstly presented, and the solution can be regarded as an extension of the elastic and rigid-plastic solutions of pure bending beam. A comparison with numerical results shows that the current analytical solution is reliable for the case of σ0 〈〈 H 〈〈 E, where σ0 is the initial yield strength, H is the hardening modulus and E is the elastic modulus. Fortunately, the above mentioned condition can be satisfied for many metal materials, and thus the solution can be used to determine the material length-scale of micro-structures in conjunction with the experiment of cantilever beams in the micro-scale.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program[2020YFB1006302].
文摘An exhaustive study has been conducted to investigate span-based models for the joint entity and relation extraction task.However,these models sample a large number of negative entities and negative relations during the model training,which are essential but result in grossly imbalanced data distributions and in turn cause suboptimal model performance.In order to address the above issues,we propose a two-phase paradigm for the span-based joint entity and relation extraction,which involves classifying the entities and relations in the first phase,and predicting the types of these entities and relations in the second phase.The two-phase paradigm enables our model to significantly reduce the data distribution gap,including the gap between negative entities and other entities,aswell as the gap between negative relations and other relations.In addition,we make the first attempt at combining entity type and entity distance as global features,which has proven effective,especially for the relation extraction.Experimental results on several datasets demonstrate that the span-based joint extraction model augmented with the two-phase paradigm and the global features consistently outperforms previous state-ofthe-art span-based models for the joint extraction task,establishing a new standard benchmark.Qualitative and quantitative analyses further validate the effectiveness the proposed paradigm and the global features.
基金financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81872816,81703451)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program,No XLYC1808017+2 种基金Key projects of Technology bureau in Shenyang,No18400408Key projects of Liaoning Province Department of Education,No.2017LZD03supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region。
文摘One of the major barriers in utilizing prodrug nanocarriers for cancer therapy is the slow release of parent drug in tumors.Tumor cells generally display the higher oxidative level than normal cells,and also displayed the heterogeneity in terms of redox homeostasis level.We previously found that the disulfide bond-linkage demonstrates surprising oxidationsensitivity to form the hydrophilic sulfoxide and sulphone groups.Herein,we develop oxidation-strengthened prodrug nanosystem loaded with pyropheophorbide a(PPa)to achieve light-activatable cascade drug release and enhance therapeutic efficacy.The disulfide bond-driven prodrug nanosystems not only respond to the redox-heterogeneity in tumor,but also respond to the exogenous oxidant(singlet oxygen)elicited by photosensitizers.Once the prodrug nanoparticles(NPs)are activated under irradiation,they would undergo an oxidative self-strengthened process,resulting in a facilitated drug cascade release.The IC50 value of the PPa@PTX-S-S NPs without irradiation was 2-fold higher than those of NPs plus irradiation.In vivo,the PPa@PTX prodrug NPs display prolonged systemic circulation and increased accumulation in tumor site.The PPa@PTXS-S NPs showed much higher efficiency than free PTX or the PPa@PTX-C-C NPs to suppress the growth of 4 T1 tumors.Therefore,this novel oxidation-strengthened disulfide-bridged prodrug-nanosystem has a great potential in the enhanced efficacy of cancer synergetic photochemotherapy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005250,U1932167,and U1432244).
文摘The multilayer Laue lens(MLL) is a diffractive focusing optical element which can focus hard X-rays down to the nanometer scale. In this study, a WSi_(2)/Si multilayer structure consisting of 1736 layers, with a 7.2-nm-thick outermost layer and a total thickness of 17 μm, is prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Regarding the thin film growth rate calibration, we correct the long-term growth rate drift from 2 to 0.6%, as measured by the grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity(GIXRR). A one-dimensional line focusing resolution of 64 nm was achieved,while the diffraction efficiency was 38% of the-1 order of the MLL Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) with the BL15U beamline.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81073143 and 81373926)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No. 20092134110004)
文摘A sensitive and selective method based on gas chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry （GC- MS） was developed and validated for the determination of atractylon in rat plasma. Plasma samples were processed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate-n-hexane （1：1, v/v） using acetophenone as an internal standard （IS）. Analytes were determined in selective ion monitoring （SIM） mode using target ions at m/z 108.1 for atractylon and m/z 105.1 for acetophenone. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 10-1000 ng/mL with lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision variations were not more than 10.4% and 9.6%, respectively, whilst accuracy values ranged from -6.5% to 4.9%. Extraction recovery of the assay was satisfactory. This method was suc- cessfully applied to quantification and pharmacokinetic study of atractylon in rat plasma after in- tragastric administration of Atractvlodis extract.
文摘Sea asparagus is a newly emerging seawater-irrigated vegetable. Firstly, the economic value of sea asparagus was introduced, and then, someexploiting approaches of sea asparagus werefully reviewed. The exploiting approaches mainly include fresh vegetable, pickle, bio-salt, health-care products, animal feed, vegetable oil, bio-diesel and skin-care products.
基金This work was partly supported by the Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,China,under Grant No.J2022095.
文摘Power flow calculation is the basis of power grid planning and many system analysis tasks require convergent power flow conditions.To address the unsolvable power flow problem caused by the reactive power imbalance,a method for adjusting reactive power flow convergence based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed.The deep reinforcement learning method takes switching parallel reactive compensation as the action space and sets the reward value based on the power flow convergence and reactive power adjustment.For the non-convergence power flow,the 500 kV nodes with reactive power compensation devices on the low-voltage side are converted into PV nodes by node type switching.And the quantified reactive power non-convergence index is acquired.Then,the action space and reward value of deep reinforcement learning are reasonably designed and the adjustment strategy is obtained by taking the reactive power non-convergence index as the algorithm state space.Finally,the effectiveness of the power flow convergence adjustment algorithm is verified by an actual power grid system in a province.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52176041,12102308).
文摘Unsteady cavitating flow often contains vapor structures with a wide range of different length scales,from micro-bubbles to large cavities,which issues a big challenge to precisely investigate its evolution mechanism by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.The present work reviews the development of simulation methods for cavitation,especially the emerging Euler-Lagrange approach.Additionally,the progress of the numerical investigation of hot and vital issues is discussed,including cavitation inception,cloud cavitation inner structure and its formation mechanism,cavitation erosion,and cavitation noise.It is indicated that the Euler-Lagrange method can determine cavitation inception point better.For cloud cavitation,the Euler-Lagrange method can reveal the source of microbubbles and their distribution law inside the shedding cloud.This method also has advantages and great potential in assessing cloud cavitation-induced erosion and noise.With the ever-growing demands of cavitation simulation accuracy in basic research and engineering applications,how to improve the Euler-Lagrange method’s stability and applicability is still an open problem.To further promote the application of this advanced CFD simulation technology in cavitation research,some key issues are to be solved and feasible suggestions are put forward for further work.
文摘Two-dimensional layered aluminum-based adsorbents have been developed and successfully applied to enrich low-concentration lithium from shale gas produced water.The adsorbent,synthesized with a lithium-to-aluminum molar ratio of 0.6 in the salt solution,demonstrated exceptional performance characteristics.Its structure,featuring nano-encapsulated layers,facilitated lithium insertion,enhanced the surface area,and optimized pore size distribution for efficient adsorption.The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min,closely aligning with the pseudo-second-order model.The isotherm analysis,based on the Sips model,suggested a nonhomogeneous multilayer adsorption process.Additionally,the adsorbent showed exceptional selectivity for Li^(+)over Na^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+),ensuring effective lithium enrichment.Further desorption studies indicated that optimal conditions involved using deionized water at 333 K with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 80 mL/g.The adsorbent maintained robust performance and structural integrity through five adsorption-desorption cycles,highlighting its potential for recyclability and practical application in lithium recovery.These developments represent significant progress in harnessing lithium resources from shale gas produced water,thereby supporting advancements in clean energy technologies.
