State-of-the-art technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT),cloud computing(CC),big data analytics(BDA),and artificial intelligence(AI)have greatly stimulated the development of smart manufacturing.An important ...State-of-the-art technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT),cloud computing(CC),big data analytics(BDA),and artificial intelligence(AI)have greatly stimulated the development of smart manufacturing.An important prerequisite for smart manufacturing is cyber-physical integration,which is increasingly being embraced by manufacturers.As the preferred means of such integration,cyber-physical systems(CPS)and digital twins(DTs)have gained extensive attention from researchers and practitioners in industry.With feedback loops in which physical processes affect cyber parts and vice versa,CPS and DTs can endow manufacturing systems with greater efficiency,resilience,and intelligence.CPS and DTs share the same essential concepts of an intensive cyber-physical connection,real-time interaction,organization integration,and in-depth collaboration.However,CPS and DTs are not identical from many perspectives,including their origin,development,engineering practices,cyber-physical mapping,and core elements.In order to highlight the differences and correlation between them,this paper reviews and analyzes CPS and DTs from multiple perspectives.展开更多
The application of intelligence to manufacturing has emerged as a compelling topic for researchers and industries around the world.However,different terminologies,namely smart manufacturing(SM)and intelligent manufact...The application of intelligence to manufacturing has emerged as a compelling topic for researchers and industries around the world.However,different terminologies,namely smart manufacturing(SM)and intelligent manufacturing(IM),have been applied to what may be broadly characterized as a similar paradigm by some researchers and practitioners.While SM and IM are similar,they are not identical.From an evolutionary perspective,there has been little consideration on whether the definition,thought,connotation,and technical development of the concepts of SM or IM are consistent in the literature.To address this gap,the work performs a qualitative and quantitative investigation of research literature to systematically compare inherent differences of SM and IM and clarify the relationship between SM and IM.A bibliometric analysis of publication sources,annual publication numbers,keyword frequency,and top regions of research and development establishes the scope and trends of the currently presented research.Critical topics discussed include origin,definitions,evolutionary path,and key technologies of SM and IM.The implementation architecture,standards,and national focus are also discussed.In this work,a basis to understand SM and IM is provided,which is increasingly important because the trend to merge both terminologies rises in Industry 4.0 as intelligence is being rapidly applied to modern manufacturing and human–cyber–physical systems.展开更多
Background Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLFs)are rarely used in poultry production,and it is unknown whether they influence meat texture profile,perceived color,or microstructure.Results A total of 720 one-day-old A...Background Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLFs)are rarely used in poultry production,and it is unknown whether they influence meat texture profile,perceived color,or microstructure.Results A total of 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were supplemented with a basal diet with 20 mg bacitracin/kg,50 mg BLFs/kg,or 250 mg BLFs/kg or without additions.Data showed that the dietary BLFs significantly(P<0.05)changed growth performance and the texture profile.In particular,BLFs increased birds’average daily gain and average daily feed intake,decreased the feed:gain ratio and mortality rate,improved elasticity of breast meat,enhanced the gumminess of breast and leg meat,and decreased the hardness of breast meat.Moreover,a significant(P<0.05)increase in redness(a*)and chroma(c*)of breast meat and c*and water-holding capacity of leg meat was found in BLF-supplemented broilers compared with control broilers.In addition,BLFs supplementation significantly decreased(P<0.05)theβ-sheet ratio and serum malondialdehyde and increased theβ-turn ratio of protein secondary structure,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase of breast meat and total antioxidant capacity and catalase of serum.Based on the analysis of untargeted metabolome,BLFs treatment considerably altered 14 metabolites of the breast meat,including flavonoids,amino acids,and organic acids,as well as phenolic and aromatic compounds.Conclusions Dietary BLFs supplementation could play a beneficial role in improving meat quality and sensory color in the poultry industry by changing protein secondary structures and modulating metabolites.展开更多
The rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs)and cyber-physical systems(CPSs)has paved the way for the increasing popularity of smart products.Context-awareness is an important facet of pro...The rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs)and cyber-physical systems(CPSs)has paved the way for the increasing popularity of smart products.Context-awareness is an important facet of product smartness.Unlike artifacts,various bio-systems are naturally characterized by their extraordinary context-awareness.Biologically inspired design(BID)is one of the most commonly employed design strategies.However,few studies have examined the BID of context-aware smart products to date.This paper presents a structured design framework to support the BID of context-aware smart products.The meaning of context-awareness is defined from the perspective of product design.The framework is developed based on the theoretical foundations of the situated function-behavior-structure ontology.A structured design process is prescribed to leverage various biological inspirations in order to support different conceptual design activities,such as problem formulation,structure reformulation,behavior reformulation,and function reformulation.Some existing design methods and emerging design tools are incorporated into the framework.A case study is presented to showcase how this framework can be followed to redesign a robot vacuum cleaner and make it more context-aware.展开更多
In recent years,as a promising way to realize digital transformation,digital twin shop-floor(DTS)plays an impor-tant role in smart manufacturing.The core feature of DTS is the synchronization.How to implement and main...In recent years,as a promising way to realize digital transformation,digital twin shop-floor(DTS)plays an impor-tant role in smart manufacturing.The core feature of DTS is the synchronization.How to implement and maintain the synchronization is critical for DTS.However,there is still a lack of a common definition for synchronization in DTS.Besides,a systematic synchronization mechanism for DTS is strongly needed.This paper first summarizes the defi-nition and requirements of synchronization in DTS,to clarify the understanding of synchronization in DTS.Then,a 5M synchronization mechanism for DTS is proposed,where 5M refers to multi-system data,multi-fidelity model,multi-resource state,multi-level state,and multi-stage operation.As a bottom-up synchronization mechanism,5M synchronization mechanism for DTS has the potential to support DTS to achieve and maintain physical-virtual state synchronization,and to realize operation synchronization of DTS.The implementation methods of 5M synchronization mechanism for DTS are also introduced.Finally,the proposed synchronization mechanism is validated in a digital twin satellite assembly shop-floor,which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the mechanism.展开更多
Digital twin is currently undergoing a significant transformation from the conceptual and theoretical research phase to the implementation and application phase.However,a universally adaptable research and development...Digital twin is currently undergoing a significant transformation from the conceptual and theoretical research phase to the implementation and application phase.However,a universally adaptable research and development platform for digital twin is critically needed to meet the development requirements.Specifically,a publicly accessible simulation,testing,and validation platform which can support digital twin model building,data processing,algorithm design,configuration,etc.,is urgently required for researchers.Furthermore,for developers from the industry,a lowcode development platform that can offer a customizable suite of functions such as model creation,data management,protocol configuration,and visualization is urgently needed.Meanwhile,for enterprise users,there is a lack of an application management platform that can be configured and migrated for various application scenarios,functions,and modes.Therefore,based on the system research of digital twin theories and key technologies by the authors(such as the five-dimension digital twin model,digital twin modeling and digital twin data theory,digital twin standards,and so on),a digital twin software platform reference architecture,namely make Twin,is proposed and designed,as well as its ten core functions.The workflow of the make Twin and the interaction mechanisms among its core functions are described.Finally,a digital twin application system for a chemical fiber textile shop floor(CFTS)which was developed according to make Twin,is introduced,which validates the proposed reference architecture.展开更多
In this paper we prove that isometries with respect to the Kobayashi metric between certain domains having boundary points at which the boundary is infinitely flat extend continuously to the boundary.The strategy is t...In this paper we prove that isometries with respect to the Kobayashi metric between certain domains having boundary points at which the boundary is infinitely flat extend continuously to the boundary.The strategy is to reestablish the Gehring-Hayman-type Theorem for these complex domains.Furthermore,the regularity of boundary extension map is given.展开更多
Maintenance of aero-engine fleets is crucial for the efficiency,safety,and reliability of the aviation industry.With the increasing demand for air transportation,maintaining high-performing aero-engines has become sig...Maintenance of aero-engine fleets is crucial for the efficiency,safety,and reliability of the aviation industry.With the increasing demand for air transportation,maintaining high-performing aero-engines has become significant.Collaborative maintenance,specifically targeting aero-engine fleets,involves the coordination of multiple tasks and resources to enhance management efficiency and reduce costs.Digital Twin(DT)technology provides essential technical support for the intelligent operation and maintenance of aero-engine fleets.DT maps physical object properties to the virtual world,creating high-fidelity,dynamic models.However,DT-enhanced collaborative maintenance faces various challenges,including the construction of complex system-layer DT models,management of massive integrated DT data,and the development of fusion mechanisms and decision-making methods for DT data and models.Overcoming these challenges will allow the aviation industry to optimize aero-engine fleet maintenance,ensuring safety,efficiency,and cost-effectiveness while meeting the growing demand for air transportation.展开更多
基金This work is financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB1101700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875030)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students.
文摘State-of-the-art technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT),cloud computing(CC),big data analytics(BDA),and artificial intelligence(AI)have greatly stimulated the development of smart manufacturing.An important prerequisite for smart manufacturing is cyber-physical integration,which is increasingly being embraced by manufacturers.As the preferred means of such integration,cyber-physical systems(CPS)and digital twins(DTs)have gained extensive attention from researchers and practitioners in industry.With feedback loops in which physical processes affect cyber parts and vice versa,CPS and DTs can endow manufacturing systems with greater efficiency,resilience,and intelligence.CPS and DTs share the same essential concepts of an intensive cyber-physical connection,real-time interaction,organization integration,and in-depth collaboration.However,CPS and DTs are not identical from many perspectives,including their origin,development,engineering practices,cyber-physical mapping,and core elements.In order to highlight the differences and correlation between them,this paper reviews and analyzes CPS and DTs from multiple perspectives.
基金supported by the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program(20180025)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51703180)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630191,2017M610634)Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017BSHEDZZ73)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xpt012020006,xjj2017024).
文摘The application of intelligence to manufacturing has emerged as a compelling topic for researchers and industries around the world.However,different terminologies,namely smart manufacturing(SM)and intelligent manufacturing(IM),have been applied to what may be broadly characterized as a similar paradigm by some researchers and practitioners.While SM and IM are similar,they are not identical.From an evolutionary perspective,there has been little consideration on whether the definition,thought,connotation,and technical development of the concepts of SM or IM are consistent in the literature.To address this gap,the work performs a qualitative and quantitative investigation of research literature to systematically compare inherent differences of SM and IM and clarify the relationship between SM and IM.A bibliometric analysis of publication sources,annual publication numbers,keyword frequency,and top regions of research and development establishes the scope and trends of the currently presented research.Critical topics discussed include origin,definitions,evolutionary path,and key technologies of SM and IM.The implementation architecture,standards,and national focus are also discussed.In this work,a basis to understand SM and IM is provided,which is increasingly important because the trend to merge both terminologies rises in Industry 4.0 as intelligence is being rapidly applied to modern manufacturing and human–cyber–physical systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32002195)Zhejiang Provincial Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project(No.2020R01015)+1 种基金“Leading Geese”Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2022C02059)Key R&D Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C02013)。
文摘Background Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLFs)are rarely used in poultry production,and it is unknown whether they influence meat texture profile,perceived color,or microstructure.Results A total of 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were supplemented with a basal diet with 20 mg bacitracin/kg,50 mg BLFs/kg,or 250 mg BLFs/kg or without additions.Data showed that the dietary BLFs significantly(P<0.05)changed growth performance and the texture profile.In particular,BLFs increased birds’average daily gain and average daily feed intake,decreased the feed:gain ratio and mortality rate,improved elasticity of breast meat,enhanced the gumminess of breast and leg meat,and decreased the hardness of breast meat.Moreover,a significant(P<0.05)increase in redness(a*)and chroma(c*)of breast meat and c*and water-holding capacity of leg meat was found in BLF-supplemented broilers compared with control broilers.In addition,BLFs supplementation significantly decreased(P<0.05)theβ-sheet ratio and serum malondialdehyde and increased theβ-turn ratio of protein secondary structure,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase of breast meat and total antioxidant capacity and catalase of serum.Based on the analysis of untargeted metabolome,BLFs treatment considerably altered 14 metabolites of the breast meat,including flavonoids,amino acids,and organic acids,as well as phenolic and aromatic compounds.Conclusions Dietary BLFs supplementation could play a beneficial role in improving meat quality and sensory color in the poultry industry by changing protein secondary structures and modulating metabolites.
基金This work was supported in part by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875030).
文摘The rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs)and cyber-physical systems(CPSs)has paved the way for the increasing popularity of smart products.Context-awareness is an important facet of product smartness.Unlike artifacts,various bio-systems are naturally characterized by their extraordinary context-awareness.Biologically inspired design(BID)is one of the most commonly employed design strategies.However,few studies have examined the BID of context-aware smart products to date.This paper presents a structured design framework to support the BID of context-aware smart products.The meaning of context-awareness is defined from the perspective of product design.The framework is developed based on the theoretical foundations of the situated function-behavior-structure ontology.A structured design process is prescribed to leverage various biological inspirations in order to support different conceptual design activities,such as problem formulation,structure reformulation,behavior reformulation,and function reformulation.Some existing design methods and emerging design tools are incorporated into the framework.A case study is presented to showcase how this framework can be followed to redesign a robot vacuum cleaner and make it more context-aware.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.52120105008,52005026,52005025).
文摘In recent years,as a promising way to realize digital transformation,digital twin shop-floor(DTS)plays an impor-tant role in smart manufacturing.The core feature of DTS is the synchronization.How to implement and maintain the synchronization is critical for DTS.However,there is still a lack of a common definition for synchronization in DTS.Besides,a systematic synchronization mechanism for DTS is strongly needed.This paper first summarizes the defi-nition and requirements of synchronization in DTS,to clarify the understanding of synchronization in DTS.Then,a 5M synchronization mechanism for DTS is proposed,where 5M refers to multi-system data,multi-fidelity model,multi-resource state,multi-level state,and multi-stage operation.As a bottom-up synchronization mechanism,5M synchronization mechanism for DTS has the potential to support DTS to achieve and maintain physical-virtual state synchronization,and to realize operation synchronization of DTS.The implementation methods of 5M synchronization mechanism for DTS are also introduced.Finally,the proposed synchronization mechanism is validated in a digital twin satellite assembly shop-floor,which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the mechanism.
基金financially supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1708400the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 52120105008 and Grants 52005026。
文摘Digital twin is currently undergoing a significant transformation from the conceptual and theoretical research phase to the implementation and application phase.However,a universally adaptable research and development platform for digital twin is critically needed to meet the development requirements.Specifically,a publicly accessible simulation,testing,and validation platform which can support digital twin model building,data processing,algorithm design,configuration,etc.,is urgently required for researchers.Furthermore,for developers from the industry,a lowcode development platform that can offer a customizable suite of functions such as model creation,data management,protocol configuration,and visualization is urgently needed.Meanwhile,for enterprise users,there is a lack of an application management platform that can be configured and migrated for various application scenarios,functions,and modes.Therefore,based on the system research of digital twin theories and key technologies by the authors(such as the five-dimension digital twin model,digital twin modeling and digital twin data theory,digital twin standards,and so on),a digital twin software platform reference architecture,namely make Twin,is proposed and designed,as well as its ten core functions.The workflow of the make Twin and the interaction mechanisms among its core functions are described.Finally,a digital twin application system for a chemical fiber textile shop floor(CFTS)which was developed according to make Twin,is introduced,which validates the proposed reference architecture.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1003100)NSFC(Grant Nos.11925107 and 12226334)+2 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(Grant No.ZDBS-LY-7002)supported by the Young Scientist Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021YFA1002200)NSFC(Grant No.12201059)。
文摘In this paper we prove that isometries with respect to the Kobayashi metric between certain domains having boundary points at which the boundary is infinitely flat extend continuously to the boundary.The strategy is to reestablish the Gehring-Hayman-type Theorem for these complex domains.Furthermore,the regularity of boundary extension map is given.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275471 and 52175448)Beijing Nova Program No.20220484015the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORERPRIZE.
文摘Maintenance of aero-engine fleets is crucial for the efficiency,safety,and reliability of the aviation industry.With the increasing demand for air transportation,maintaining high-performing aero-engines has become significant.Collaborative maintenance,specifically targeting aero-engine fleets,involves the coordination of multiple tasks and resources to enhance management efficiency and reduce costs.Digital Twin(DT)technology provides essential technical support for the intelligent operation and maintenance of aero-engine fleets.DT maps physical object properties to the virtual world,creating high-fidelity,dynamic models.However,DT-enhanced collaborative maintenance faces various challenges,including the construction of complex system-layer DT models,management of massive integrated DT data,and the development of fusion mechanisms and decision-making methods for DT data and models.Overcoming these challenges will allow the aviation industry to optimize aero-engine fleet maintenance,ensuring safety,efficiency,and cost-effectiveness while meeting the growing demand for air transportation.
