Research Progress on Economic Forest Water Stress Based on Bibliometrics and Knowledge Graph

This study employed the bibliometric software CiteSpace 6.1.R6 to analyze the correlation between thermal infrared,spectral remote sensing technology,and the estimation of economic forest water stress.It aimed to review the development and current status of this field,as well as to identify future research trends.A search was conducted on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database using the keyword“water stress”for relevant studies from 2003 to 2023.The visual analysis function of CNKI was used to generate the distribution of annual publication volume,and CiteSpace 6.1.R6 was utilized to create network maps illustrating collaboration among authors and institutions.The study also analyzed the hotspots and frontiers of economic forest water stress.As a result,a total of 6664 academic journal articles related to water stress were retrieved.Considerable collaboration networks were observed among scholars and institutions,with a focus on using crown temperature monitoring to diagnose crop water stress.Based on the research findings,it was evident that the primary research trend involved the use of thermal infrared and spectral remote sensing technology for estimating water stress,making it a future research hotspot.

人HMGB1基因的克隆、融合表达与生物学活性

采用RT-PCR,从重症肝炎病人外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cellsPBMCs)的mRNA中扩增高迁移率族蛋白1(high mobility group box-1protein,HMGB1)基因,构建重组表达质粒pGEX4T-1-HMGB1,转化入大肠杆菌,测序证实其序列与基因数据库中HMGB1基因(NM_002128)一致。诱导表达的融合蛋白GST-HMGB1,用Glutathione Sepharose4B亲和层析纯化,经Thrombin酶切得到HMGB1。结果显示:经Western-blotting检测,GST-HMGB1和HMGB1均具有免疫活性;ELISA和MTT检测发现,两者均能刺激RAW264.7细胞产生大量TNF-α,明显刺激HeLa细胞增殖。GST-HMGB1具有良好的生物学活性,为今后的研究打下了基础。

慢性重型肝炎患者血清胎球蛋白A的临床意义

目的探讨慢性重型肝炎患者的血清胎球蛋白A(AHSG)水平与肝损害程度、预后及炎症因子的关系。方法设立健康对照组、慢性肝炎组和慢性重型肝炎组,慢性重型肝炎组中设恢复组和未恢复组,检测各组血清AHSG、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、清蛋白和总胆红素,并进行比较和相关性分析。结果慢性重型肝炎组血清AHSG水平(114.02±89.11)μg/mL显著低于健康对照组(317.75±107.84)μg/mL和慢性肝炎组(253.14±206.45)μg/mL(P<0.01);慢性重型肝炎未恢复组血清AHSG水平(82.53±47.90)μg/mL较其恢复组(203.05±112.94)μg/mL明显降低(P<0.01);慢性重型肝炎组血清AHSG水平与PTA、清蛋白呈显著正相关(r分别为0.493与0.420,均P<0.01),与TNF-α和总胆红素呈显著负相关(r分别为-0.378与-0.463,均P<0.01)。结论血清AHSG水平是反映慢性重型肝炎患者肝脏损害程度的重要指标,低AHSG水平提示预后不佳。

Network-Connected UAV Communications: Potentials and Challenges

This article explores the use of network-connected unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) communications as a compelling solution to achieve high-rate information transmission and support ultra-reliable UAV remote command and control. We first discuss the use cases of UAVs and the resulting communication requirements, accompanied with a flexible architecture for network-connected UAV communications. Then, the signal transmission and interference characteristics are theoretically analyzed, and subsequently we highlight the design and optimization considerations, including antenna design, nonorthogonal multiple access communications, as well as network selection and association optimization. Finally, case studies are provided to show the feasibility of network-connected UAV communications.

HF Communications: Past, Present, and Future

High frequency(HF) communication, commonly covering frequency range between 3 and 30 MHz, is an important wireless communication paradigm to offer over-thehorizon or even global communications with ranges up to thousands of kilometers via skywave propagation with ionospheric refraction. It has widespread applications in fields such as emergency communications in disaster areas, remote communications with aircrafts or ships and non-light-of-the-sight military operations. This tutorial article overviews the history of HF communication, demystifies the recent advances, and provides a preview of the next few years, which the authors believe will see fruitful outputs towards wideband, intelligent and integrated HF communications. Specifically, we first present brief preliminaries on the unique features of HF communications to facilitate general readers in the communication community. Then, we provide a historical review to show the technical evolution on the three generations of HF communication systems. Further, we highlight the key challenges and research directions. We hope that this article will stimulate more interests in addressing the technical challenges on the research and development of future HF radio communication systems.

Betaine affects muscle lipid metabolism via regulating the fatty acid uptake and oxidation in finishing pig

Background： Betaine affects fat metabolism in animals, but the specific mechanism is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms of betaine in altering lipid metabolism in muscle tissue in finishing pigs.Methods： A total of 120 crossbred gilts（Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc） with an average initial body weight of 70.1 kg were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatments included a corn–soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0, 1250 or 2500 mg/kg betaine. The feeding experiment lasted 42 d.Results： Betaine addition to the diet significantly increased the concentration of free fatty acids（FFA） in muscle（P 〈 0.05）. Furthermore, the levels of serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased（P 〈 0.05） and total cholesterol content was increased in muscle（P 〈 0.05） of betaine fed pigs. Experiments on genes involved in fatty acid transport showed that betaine increased expression of lipoprotein lipase（LPL）, fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation（FAT/CD36）, fatty acid binding protein（FABP3） and fatty acid transport protein（FATP1）（P 〈 0.05）. The abundance of fatty acid transport protein and fatty acid binding protein were also increased by betaine（P 〈 0.05）. As for the key factors involved in fatty acid oxidation, although betaine supplementation didn＇t affect the level of carnitine and malonyl-CoA, betaine increased mR NA and protein abundance of carnitine palmitransferase-1（CPT1）and phosphorylated-AMPK（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions： The results suggested that betaine may promoted muscle fatty acid uptake via up-regulating the genes related to fatty acid transporter including FAT/CD36, FATP1 and FABP3. On the other hand, betaine activated AMPK and up-regulated genes related to fatty acid oxidation including PPARα and CPT1. The underlying mechanism regulating fatty acid metabolism in pigs supplemented with betaine is associated with the up-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid transport and fatty acid oxidation.

Spectrum Prediction Based on GAN and Deep Transfer Learning:A Cross-Band Data Augmentation Framework

This paper investigates the problem of data scarcity in spectrum prediction.A cognitive radio equipment may frequently switch the target frequency as the electromagnetic environment changes.The previously trained model for prediction often cannot maintain a good performance when facing small amount of historical data of the new target frequency.Moreover,the cognitive radio equipment usually implements the dynamic spectrum access in real time which means the time to recollect the data of the new task frequency band and retrain the model is very limited.To address the above issues,we develop a crossband data augmentation framework for spectrum prediction by leveraging the recent advances of generative adversarial network(GAN)and deep transfer learning.Firstly,through the similarity measurement,we pre-train a GAN model using the historical data of the frequency band that is the most similar to the target frequency band.Then,through the data augmentation by feeding the small amount of the target data into the pre-trained GAN,temporal-spectral residual network is further trained using deep transfer learning and the generated data with high similarity from GAN.Finally,experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Cognitive J^(2)SAC:Joint Jamming,Sensing,and Communication Under Antagonistic Environment

Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is regarded as a recent advanced technology,which is expected to realize the dual functions of sensing and communication simultaneously in one system.Nevertheless,it still faces the challenges of the information security and transmission robustness caused by the openness of wireless channel,especially under antagonistic environment.Hence,this article develops a generalized framework,named cognitive joint jamming,sensing and communication(cognitive J2SAC),to empower the current sensing/communication/jamming system with a“brain”for realizing precise sensing,reliable communication and effective jamming under antagonistic environment.Three kinds of gains can be captured by cognitive J2SAC,including integrated gain,cooperative gain and cognitive gain.Moreover,we highlight the enabling mechanism among jamming,sensing,and communication,as well as illustrating several typical use cases of cognitive J2SAC.Furthermore,several key enabled technologies are analyzed and a typical sensing enhance integrated communication and jamming case study is discussed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Last but not the least,the future directions are listed before concluding this article.Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is regarded as a recent advanced technology,which is expected to realize the dual functions of sensing and communication simultaneously in one system.Nevertheless,it still faces the challenges of the information security and transmission robustness caused by the openness of wireless channel,especially under antagonistic environment.Hence,this article develops a generalized framework,named cognitive joint jamming,sensing and communication(cognitive J2SAC),to empower the current sensing/communication/jamming system with a“brain”for realizing precise sensing,reliable communication and effective jamming under antagonistic environment.Three kinds of gains can be captured by cognitive J2SAC,including integrated gain,cooperative gain and cognitive gain.Moreover,we highlight the enabling mechanism among jamming,sensing,and communication,as well as illustrating several typical use cases of cognitive J2SAC.Furthermore,several key enabled technologies are analyzed and a typical sensing enhance integrated communication and jamming case study is discussed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Last but not the least,the future directions are listed before concluding this article.

Sustainability Evaluation of Modern Photovoltaic Agriculture Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS and Least Squares Support Vector Machine Optimized by Fireworks Algorithm

Photovoltaics(PV)has been combined with many other industries,such as agriculture.But there are many problems for the sustainability of PV agriculture.Timely and accurate sustainability evaluation of modern photovoltaic agriculture is of great significance for accelerating the sustainable development of modern photovoltaic agriculture.In order to improve the timeliness and accuracy of evaluation,this paper proposes an evaluation model based on interval type-2 Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS and least squares support vector machine optimized by fireworks algorithm.Firstly,the criteria system of modern photovoltaic agriculture sustainability is constructed from three dimensions including technology sustainability,economic sustainability and social sustainability.Then,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)methods are improved by using interval type-2 fuzzy theory,and the traditional evaluation model based on interval type-2 Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS is obtained,and the improved model is used for comprehensive evaluation.After that,the optimal parameters of least squares support vector machine(LSSVM)model are obtained by Fireworks algorithm(FWA)training,and the intelligent evaluationmodel for the sustainability of modern photovoltaic agriculture is constructed to realize fast and intelligent calculation.Finally,an empirical analysis is conducted to demonstrate the scientificity and accuracy of the proposed model.This study is conducive to the comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of modern photovoltaic agriculture,and can provide decision-making support for more reasonable development model in the future of modern photovoltaic agriculture.

Sustainability Intelligent Evaluation of Regional Microgrid Interconnection System Based on Combination Entropy Weight Rank Order-TOPSIS and NILA-KELM

Sustainability evaluation of regional microgrid interconnection system is conducive to a profound and comprehensive understanding of the impact of interconnection system projects.In order to realize the comprehensive and scientific intelligent evaluation of the system,this paper proposes an evaluation model based on combination entropy weight rank order-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)and Niche Immune Lion Algorithm-Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel(NILAKELM).Firstly,the sustainability evaluation indicator system of the regional microgrid interconnection system is constructed fromfour aspects of economic,environmental,social,and technical characteristics,and the evaluation indicators are explained.Then,the classical evaluationmodel based on TOPSIS is constructed,and the entropy weight method and rank order method(RO)are coupled to obtain the indicator weight.The niche immune algorithm is used to improve the lion algorithm,and the improved lion algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of KELM,and the intelligent evaluation model based on NILA-KELM is obtained to realize fast real-time calculation.Finally,the scientificity and accuracy of themodel proposed in this paper are verified.The model proposed in this paper has the lowest RMSE,MAE and RE values,indicating that its intelligent evaluation results are the most accurate.This study is conducive to the horizontal comparison of the overall performance of regional microgrid interconnection system projects,helps investors to choose the most promising project scheme,and helps the government to find feasible project.

Research Electricity Production Costs and External Compensation Mechanism

China's power enterprises are mainly dominated by thermal power, thermal power is the key industry of coal consumption, so the thermal power enterprises have a fundamental influence on the environment, and how to not affect the vital interests of power enterprises under the condition of power plant to increase the strength of governance is to solve the current problem of letter. On the basis of various types of power generation enterprise environmental cost of thermal power, hydropower, wind power and nuclear power pollutant treatment cost were described, through the analysis of emission control scheme and the cost compensation of pollutants, environmental governance cost model, using a actual plant data, calculation of various pollutants compensation cost of thermal power plant, and according to the thermal power and wind power for quantitative comparison before and after compensation.

Fast spreading of surface ozone in both temporal and spatial scale in Pearl River Delta

Surface ozone(O_(3))is a major air pollutant and draw increasing attention in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),China.Here,we characterize the spatial-temporal variability of ozone based on a dataset obtained from 57 national monitoring sites during 2013-2019.Our results show that:(1)the seasonal difference of ozone distribution in the inland and coastal areas was significant,which was largely affected by the wind pattern reversals related to the East Asian monsoon,and local ozone production and destruction;(2)the daily maximum 8hr average(MDA8 O_(3))showed an overall upward trend by 1.11 ppbv/year.While the trends in the nine cities varied differently by ranging from-0.12 to 2.51 ppbv/year.The hot spots of ozone were spreading to southwestern areas from the central areas since 2016.And ozone is becoming a year-round air pollution problem with the pollution season extending to winter and spring in PRD region.(3)at the central and southwestern PRD cities,the percentage of exceedance days from the continuous type(defined as≥3 days)was increasing.Furthermore,the ozone concentration of continuous type was much higher than that of scattered exceedance type(<3 days).In addition,although the occurrence of continuous type starts to decline since2017,the total number of exceedance days during the continuous type is increasing.These results indicate that it is more difficult to eliminate the continuous exceedance than the scatter pollution days and highlight the great challenge in mitigation of O_(3)pollution in these cities.

大气烷基硝酸酯的实地测量

烷基硝酸酯(ANs)是对流层大气中重要的污染物,其收支过程对大气氮、碳的分布,光化学循环以及二次有机气溶胶生成等具有重要影响.大气ANs种类繁多,浓度低且化学性质活泼,因此ANs的准确测量是大气监测领域的巨大挑战.概述了大气ANs化学机理,系统梳理并总结了ANs单物种和总量的实地测量技术进展,主要包括气相色谱电子捕获技术、质谱技术、荧光光谱技术和吸收光谱技术.研究表明吸收光谱技术具有结构简单易维护的特征,是具有较大发展潜力的ANs总量测量方法,质谱技术在ANs分物种测量方面具有其独特优势,但物种化的标准源和标定技术是亟待突破的关键瓶颈.最后,系统归纳了不同环境类型的ANs浓度分布特征,并对ANs化学研究难点和发展趋势进行展望.

东南亚野火对南海北部空气质量的影响

Wildfire smoke plays a crucial role in climate change,air quality,human health,and the ecosystem.With the warming and drying of the climate,the scope,frequency,and intensity of global wildfire events are increasing rapidly[1,2].Southeast Asia,South America,Africa,and Australia are the major regions in which wildfires occur[3,4];Southeast Asia is the hotspot of wildfires and neighbors the South China Sea(SCS)[5].Therefore,the air quality and climate in the SCS can be affected by the transport of wildfire smoke in Southeast Asia.Many studies have focused on the transport pathways from Southeast Asia to the SCS,especially studies based on BASE-ASIA(Biomass-burning Aerosols in South-East Asia)and 7-SEAS(7-South-East Asian Studies)experiments[5,6].

乙型肝炎患者血清高迁移率族蛋白-1含量的检测及临床意义

目的观察不同病情的乙型肝炎患者血清中晚期炎症介质高迁移率族蛋白-1（HMGB1）的含量，通过与肝炎病情评价指标TBil和PTA进行相关性比对，初步阐明晚期炎症介质HMGB1在慢性重型乙型肝炎患者肝衰竭发生中可能发挥的作用。方法收集慢性重型乙型肝炎患者23例，CHB患者31例，健康对照者10名，抽取外周血10ml，按常规方法检测肝炎病情指标TBil和PTA。超滤管去除血清中的大分子蛋白质，再浓缩血清小分子蛋白，然后用Western blot的方法检测样品中HMGB1。利用纯化出的GST-HMGB1融合蛋白进行相对定量，计算出不同患者血清中HMGB1的水平，最后与肝炎病情评价指标TBil和PTA进行相关性比对。结果23例慢性重型乙型肝炎患者血清中HMGB1检出率为100％（23／23），平均含量为（83．4±21．3）μg／L；10例重度CHB患者血清中HMGB1检出率为90％（9／10），平均含量为（78．1±19．5）μg／L；11例中度CHB患者的血清中HMGB1检出率为55％（6／11），平均含量为（60．6±14．3）μg／L；10例轻度CHB患者及12例恢复患者中均仅1例检出HMGB1，检出率分别为10％和8％，含量分别为28．9μg／L和39．7μg／L；健康对照者血清中未能检出HMGB1。血清中HMGB1的含量与TBil呈正相关，与PTA呈负相关。结论慢性重型乙型肝炎患者血清中HMGB1的含量与疾病的严重程度密切相关，晚期炎症介质HMGB1在慢性重型乙型肝炎患者肝衰竭的发生中可能起重要的作用。

暴发性肝衰竭小鼠肝组织胎球蛋白A的变化及其病理学意义

目的研究胎球蛋白A在暴发性肝衰竭（FHF）小鼠肝组织中的表达变化及其与肝组织损伤、炎症和肝细胞凋亡的关系。方法采用Western blot法、免疫组织化学法和逆转录聚合酶链反应法，分别检测暴发性肝衰竭小鼠肝组织中胎球蛋白A及其mRNA的表达变化；对组织损伤进行病理评分，采用免疫组织化学法检测肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α的表达，原位末端标记法检测其凋亡程度。结果在FHF小鼠中，胎球蛋白AmRNA和蛋白顷表达均明显下降，造模9h时改变最明显，吸光度比值分别为0．19±0．03和0．61±0．02，与正常组（0．82±0．01和1．12±0．13）比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．01；与肝组织病理评分和TNFα表达呈显著负相关。结论在FHF小鼠模型中，胎球蛋白A可能通过抑制TNFα等炎症因子来抑制肝组织炎症并减轻肝细胞凋亡，可能是一种肝损伤保护因子。

硝酰氯的大气化学

硝酰氯(nitryl chloride,ClNO2)是大气中一种重要的气态污染物,对大气氧化性、一次污染物的降解和二次污染物的生成具有重要影响,并在全球氮循环和氯循环中扮演着不可忽视的角色。本文归纳了ClNO2的基本物理化学性质及其在大气中的生成和去除机制,并介绍了实验室研究和外场观测中ClNO2的主要测量方法。在此基础上,本文总结了过去十几年报道的ClNO2在实际大气中的时空分布特征,通过分析实验室模拟和外场观测的研究结果系统讨论了ClNO2非均相生成的机制、产率及其影响因素,探讨了ClNO2对氯自由基、大气氧化性以及臭氧和硝酸盐形成的影响。我们指出,ClNO2既耦合了气相化学和非均相化学,又耦合了夜间大气化学和日间光化学,在我国大气复合污染中可能起着非常重要的作用。最后,本文提出了ClNO2大气化学研究中尚待解决的关键科学问题,并简要讨论了该领域的未来发展方向。

Explicit diagnosis of the local ozone production rate and the ozone-NOx-VOC sensitivities

In the troposphere, ozone is a harmful gas compound to both human health and vegetation. Ozone is produced from the reaction of NO_x(@NO + NO_2) and VOCs(volatile organic compounds) with light. Due to the highly nonlinear relationships between ozone and its precursors, proper ozone mitigation relies on the knowledge of chemical mechanisms. In this study, an observation-based method is used to simulate ozone formation and elucidate its controlling factors for a rural site on the North China Plain. The instantaneous ozone production rate is calculated utilizing a box model using the dataset obtained from the Wangdu campaign. First, the model was operated in a time-dependent mode to calculate the ozone production rate at each time stamp. The calculated ozone formation rate showed a diurnal average maximum value of 17 ppbv/h(1-h diurnal averaged). The contribution of individual peroxy radicals to ozone production was analyzed. In addition, the functional dependence of calculated P(O_3) reveals that ozone production was in a NO_x-limited regime during the campaign. Furthermore, the missing peroxy radical source will further extend NO_x-limited conditions to earlier in the day, making NO_xlimitation dominate more of a day than the current chemical model predicts. Finally, a multiple scenarios mode,also known as EKMA(empirical kinetic modeling approach), was used to simulate the response of P(O_3) to the imaginary change in precursor concentrations. We found that ozone production was in the NO_x-limited region. However, the use of NO_2 measured by the molybdenum converter and/or the absence of a peroxy radical source in the current chemical model could over-emphasize the VOC-limited effect on ozone production.

Phase imaging with an untrained neural network

Most of the neural networks proposed so far for computational imaging(CI)in optics employ a supervised training strategy,and thus need a large training set to optimize their weights and biases.Setting aside the requirements of environmental and system stability during many hours of data acquisition,in many practical applications,it is unlikely to be possible to obtain sufficient numbers of ground-truth images for training.Here,we propose to overcome this limitation by incorporating into a conventional deep neural network a complete physical model that represents the process of image formation.The most significant advantage of the resulting physics-enhanced deep neural network(PhysenNet)is that it can be used without training beforehand,thus eliminating the need for tens of thousands of labeled data.We take single-beam phase imaging as an example for demonstration.We experimentally show that one needs only to feed PhysenNet a single diffraction pattern of a phase object,and it can automatically optimize the network and eventually produce the object phase through the interplay between the neural network and the physical model.This opens up a new paradigm of neural network design,in which the concept of incorporating a physical model into a neural network can be generalized to solve many other CI problems.

Regulation of HMGB1 release by infl ammasomes

High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)is an evolutionarily conserved non-histone chromatin-binding protein.During infection or injury,activated immune cells and damaged cells release HMGB1 into the extracellular space,where HMGB1 functions as a proinflammatory mediator and contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.Recent studies reveal that infl ammasomes,intracellular protein complexes,critically regulate HMGB1 release from activated immune cells in response to a variety of exogenous and endogenous danger signals.Double stranded RNA dependent kinase(PKR),an intracellular danger-sensing molecule,physically interacts with inflammasome components and is important for infl ammasome activation and HMGB1 release.Together,these studies not only unravel novel mechanisms of HMGB1 release during infl ammation,but also provide potential therapeutic targets to treat HMGB1-related infl ammatory diseases.