Activation of G-protein-coupled receptor 39 reduces neuropathic pain in a rat model

Activated G-protein-coupled receptor 39(GPR39)has been shown to attenuate inflammation by interacting with sirtuin 1(SIRT1)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator 1α(PGC-1α).However,whether GPR39 attenuates neuropathic pain remains unclear.In this study,we established a Sprague-Dawley rat model of spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain and found that GPR39 expression was significantly decreased in neurons and microglia in the spinal dorsal horn compared with sham-operated rats.Intrathecal injection of TC-G 1008,a specific agonist of GPR39,significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia in the rats with spared nerve injury,improved spinal cord mitochondrial biogenesis,and alleviated neuroinflammation.These changes were abolished by GPR39 small interfering RNA(siRNA),Ex-527(SIRT1 inhibitor),and PGC-1αsiRNA.Taken together,these findings show that GPR39 activation ameliorates mechanical allodynia by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1αpathway in rats with spared nerve injury.

玻璃体切除黄斑前膜剥除联合内界膜剥除对特发性黄斑前膜患者疗效的影响

目的:分析玻璃体切除黄斑前膜剥除术联合与不联合内界膜(ILM)剥除对特发性黄斑前膜(IMEM)患者脉络膜厚度、视力和视物变形的影响。方法:前瞻性研究。收集2016-01/2020-01在本院诊治的IMEM患者88例88眼,按随机数字表法分两组:观察组44眼接受玻璃体切除黄斑前膜剥除术联合内界膜剥除治疗,对照组44眼仅接受玻璃体切除黄斑前膜剥除术治疗。比较两组患者手术前后脉络膜厚度、视力和视物变形、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)、椭圆体区连续性(EZ)及并发症。结果:与术前比较,两组患者术后3、6mo时的黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度(SFCT)、距黄斑中心凹鼻侧1000μm处脉络膜厚度(NFCT)及距黄斑中心凹颞侧1000μm处脉络膜厚度(TFCT)均明显下降(P<0.05),但两组间比较无差异(P>0.05);与术前比较,两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)改善,光敏感度(MS)上升,观察组患者黄斑暗点数(SP)上升,对照组患者SP下降,观察组术后1、3、6mo时的MS明显低于对照组,SP高于对照组(均P<0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后3、6mo时的水平和平均M评分较术前均明显下降(均P<0.05),但组间无差异(P>0.05);两组术后1、3、6mo时的CMT较术前均明显下降,观察组术后3、6mo时的CMT均高于对照组(均P<0.05),EZ连续比例及并发症发生率组间比较均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:玻璃体切除黄斑前膜剥除治疗IMEM时,无论是否联合ILM剥除均可取得良好的视力并改善视物变形,且对脉络膜厚度的影响及安全性相当;但联合ILM剥除具更低的光敏感度和更高的暗点数,术后CMT更厚,并未体现出显著优越性。

特发性黄斑裂孔患者玻璃体术后黄斑结构和中央凹视网膜厚度变化

目的:分析特发性黄斑裂孔患者接受23G玻璃体手术治疗后黄斑结构的修复情况,以及视力和黄斑中央凹视网膜厚度的变化。方法:将2016-06/2017-12在我院进行择期手术的单眼特发性黄斑裂孔患者85例85眼纳入研究,其中男37例,女48例,平均年龄64. 7±10. 1岁。所有患者均接受23G玻璃体切割术,应用OCT观察术后黄斑裂孔闭合情况;应用OCT观察术前和术后1、3、6mo黄斑中央凹视网膜厚度的变化;观察术前和术后1、3、6mo患者最佳矫正视力的变化。结果:术后所有患者获得良好的黄斑裂孔闭合。术后3、6mo时所有患者平均最佳矫正视力显著高于术前和术后1mo(P<0. 05);术后6mo平均最佳矫正视力显著高于术后3mo,差异有统计学意义(t=7. 983,P=0. 037)。术后1mo黄斑中央凹视网膜厚度显著高于术前和术后3、6mo(P<0. 05);术后3、6mo的黄斑中央凹视网膜厚度显著低于术前(P<0. 05)。结论:应用23G玻璃体切除术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔具有较高的裂孔成功闭合率,患者的视力明显提高。

特发性黄斑前膜患者内界膜剥除术后视功能的影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响特发性黄斑前膜患者内界膜剥除术后视功能恢复的危险因素。方法:回顾我院2016-01/2020-04收治的特发性黄斑前膜行视网膜内界膜剥除术的患者118例118眼。术后随访6mo评价手术疗效,观察术前、术后1、3、6mo的视力变化、视物变形程度、黄斑中心凹平均厚度、黄斑区容积。分析术前及术后黄斑中心凹平均厚度、黄斑区容积与术后视力及视物变形评分的相关性,评估术后视功能恢复不良的危险因素。结果:本组患者96眼视功能恢复良好,手术治疗改善率为81.4%。与术前相比,术后1、3、6mo术眼视力明显提升(P<0.05),水平方向视物变形评分明显缩小(P<0.05),术眼黄斑中心凹平均厚度、黄斑区容积明显减小(P<0.05)。术前与术后6mo黄斑中心凹平均厚度、黄斑区容积与术后6mo视力均呈负相关(P<0.05),与术后6mo水平方向视物变形评分均呈正相关(P<0.05)。IMEM病程、术前矫正视力、术前水平或垂直方向视物变形、术前黄斑水肿是患者术后视功能恢复情况的影响因素(均P<0.05),其中术前矫正视力差(OR=3.062)、术前存在水平方向视物变形(OR=2.438)、术前存在黄斑水肿(OR=2.000)是导致患者术后视功能恢复不良的危险因素。结论:内界膜剥除术治疗特发性黄斑前膜效果良好,可有效改善术眼视力,减轻视物变形。病程越长、术前矫正视力越差、术前视物变形越严重、术前有黄斑水肿的患者内界膜剥除术后视功能恢复越差。

一例CYP11B基因突变导致11β-羟化酶缺乏症的诊疗和基因检测分析

先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(congenital adrenal hyperplasia,CAH)是一种常染色体隐性遗传病,在不同类型的CAH发病率中,11β-羟化酶缺乏症排第二位,该疾病的发生与人8号常染色体上CYP11B基因突变有关。本研究采集了1名14岁患者的外周血,通过提取基因组DNA,应用全外显子测序对其进行了基因检测,对疑似变异进行Sanger测序验证,并分析其特点。结果发现,患者CYP11B1基因第8外显子存在c.1226C>T纯合错义突变,导致其编码蛋白第409位丝氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸(p.Ser409Phe),从而影响血红素与酶的结合,最终导致CYP11B1酶活性丧失,引起一系列临床症状。这一突变目前尚未见国内外有相关报道。本研究丰富了CYP11B1基因变异谱,为进一步研究11β-羟化酶缺乏症的致病机制提供了临床资料和遗传资源。

Microstructure and shear strength ofγ-TiAl/GH536 joints brazed with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Fe-Co-Mo filler alloy

The influence of brazing temperature and brazing time on the microstructure and shear strength ofγ-TiAl/GH536 joints brazed with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Fe-Co-Mo filler was investigated using SEM,EDS,XRD and universal testing machine.Results show that all the brazed joints mainly consist of four reaction layers regardless of the brazing temperature and brazing time.The thickness of the brazed seam and the average shear strength of the joint increase firstly and then decrease with brazing temperature in the range of 1090-1170℃and brazing time varying from 0 to 20 min.The maximum shear strength of 262 MPa is obtained at 1150℃for 10 min.The brittle Al3NiTi2 and TiNi3 intermetallics are the main controlling factors for the crack generation and deterioration of joint strength.The fracture surface is characterized as typical cleavage fracture and it mainly consists of massive brittle Al3NiTi2 intermetallics.

Targeting the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway to treat chronic pain

Nitric oxide(NO)/cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate(cGMP) signaling has been shown to act as a mediator involved in pain transmission and processing. In this review, we summarize and discuss the mechanisms of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway involved in chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, bone cancer pain, inflammatory pain, and morphine tolerance. The main process in the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in cells involves NO activating soluble guanylate cyclase, which leads to subsequent production of cGMP. cGMP then activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase(PKG), resulting in the activation of multiple targets such as the opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The activation of NO/cGMP signaling in the spinal cord evidently induces upregulation of downstream molecules, as well as reactive astrogliosis and microglial polarization which participate in the process of chronic pain. In dorsal root ganglion neurons, natriuretic peptide binds to particulate guanylyl cyclase, generating and further activating the cGMP/PKG pathway, and it also contributes to the development of chronic pain. Upregulation of multiple receptors is involved in activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in various pain models. Notably the NO/cGMP signaling pathway induces expression of downstream effectors, exerting both algesic and analgesic effects in neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain. These findings suggest that activation of NO/cGMP signaling plays a constituent role in the development of chronic pain, and this signaling pathway with dual effects is an interesting and promising target for chronic pain therapy.

Multidiscipline Applications of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for the Intelligent Era of Internet of Things

In the era of 5G and the Internet of things(IoTs),vari-ous human-computer interaction systems based on the integration of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)and IoTs technologies dem-onstrate the feasibility of sustainable and self-powered functional systems.The rapid development of intelligent applications of IoTs based on TENGs mainly relies on supplying the harvested mechanical energy from surroundings and implementing active sensing,which have greatly changed the way of human production and daily life.This review mainly introduced the TENG applications in multidisci-pline scenarios of IoTs,including smart agriculture,smart industry,smart city,emergency monitoring,and machine learning-assisted artificial intelligence applications.The challenges and future research directions of TENG toward IoTs have also been proposed.The exten-sive developments and applications of TENG will push forward the IoTs into an energy autonomy fashion.

Current status and progress in laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma(GBC)is the most common biliary tract malignancy associated with a concealed onset,high invasiveness and poor prognosis.Radical surgery remains the only curative treatment for GBC,and the optimal extent of surgery depends on the tumor stage.Radical resection can be achieved by simple cholecystectomy for Tis and T1a GBC.However,whether simple cholecystectomy or extended cholecystectomy,including regional lymph node dissection and hepatectomy,is the standard surgical extent for T1b GBC remains controversial.Extended cholecystectomy should be performed for T2 and some T3 GBC without distant metastasis.Secondary radical surgery is essential for incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed after cholecystectomy.For locally advanced GBC,hepatopancreatoduodenectomy may achieve R0 resection and improve long-term survival outcomes,but the extremely high risk of the surgery limits its implementation.Laparoscopic surgery has been widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies.GBC was once regarded as a contraindication of laparoscopic surgery.However,with improvements in surgical instruments and skills,studies have shown that laparoscopic surgery will not result in a poorer prognosis for selected patients with GBC compared with open surgery.Moreover,laparoscopic surgery is associated with enhanced recovery after surgery since it is minimally invasive.

Impact of warm mesoscale eddy on tropical cyclone intensity

The spatial-temporal patterns of tropical cyclone(TC) intensity changes caused by the warm ocean mesoscale eddy(WOME) distribution are evaluated using two sets of idealized numerical experiments. The results show that the TC was intensified and weakened when a WOME was close to and far away from the TC center, respectively.The area where the WOME enhanced(weakened) TC intensity is called the inner(outer) area in this study.Amplitudes of the enhancement and weakening caused by the WOME in the inner and outer area decreased and increased over time, while the ranges of the inner and outer area diminished and expanded, respectively. The WOME in the inner area strengthened the secondary circulation of the TC, increased heat fluxes, strengthened the symmetry, and weakened the outer spiral rainband, which enhanced TC intensity. The effect was opposite if the WOME was in the outer area, and it weakened the TC intensity. The idealized simulation employed a stationary TC, and thus the results may only be applied to TCs with slow propagation. These findings can improve our understanding of the interactions between TC and the WOME and are helpful for improving TC intensity forecasting by considering the effect of the WOME in the outer areas.

Mooring observed mode-2 internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea

The mode-2 internal solitary waves(ISWs)generated by mode-2 internal tide(IT)are identified by mooring observations in the northern South China Sea(SCS)from 2016 to 2017.Two mode-2 ISWs with a re-appearance period of 24.9 h observed on 29 and 30 July 2016 are characterized by type-b ISWs.They occurred when the isotherms compressed obviously in the vertical direction.Modal decomposition of IT horizontal currents shows that the vertical compression of the isotherms is mainly caused by diurnal mode-2 IT.The analysis of the role of the density stratification reveals that a deeper and thinner pycnocline is favorable for generation of mode-2 ISWs rather than pycnocline intensity.By comparing the mode-2 nonlinear,dispersion coefficients and the Ursell numbers calculated based on the stratification associated with different kinds of ITs with the observation results,it is shown that the diurnal mode-2 IT plays a crucial role in the generation of the mode-2 ISWs.When the diurnal mode-2 IT interacts with the semidiurnal IT and causes a deeper and thinner pycnocline,the mode-2 ISWs are easily excited.

A bifunctional perovskite oxide catalyst:The triggered oxygen reduction/evolution electrocatalysis by moderated Mn-Ni co-doping

ABO_(3)-type perovskite oxides(e.g.,LaCoO_(3))with flexible and adjustable A-and B-sites are ideal model catalysts to unravel the relationship between the electronic structure and electrocatalytic activity(e.g.,oxygen reduction/evolution reactions,ORR/OER).It has been well understood in our recent work that the secondary metal dopant at B-site(e.g.,Mn in LaMn_(x)Co_(1-x)O_(3))can regulate the electronic structure and improve the ORR/OER activity.In this work,the Mn-Ni pairs are employed as the dual dopant in LaMn_(x)Ni_(y)Co_(z)O_(3)(x+y+z=1)catalysts toward bifunctional ORR and OER.The structure-property relationships between the triple metal B-site(Mn,Ni and Co)and the electrochemical performance are particularly investigated.Compared to the individual Mn doping(e.g.,LaMnCoO3(Mn:Co=1:3)catalyst),the dual Mn-Ni doping significantly improves the ORR mass activity@0.8 V by 1.54 times;meanwhile,the OER overpotential@10 mA cm^(-2) is reduced from 420 to 370 mV,and the OER current density at 1.55 V is increased by 2.43 times.Reasonably,the potential gap between EDRR@-1 mA cm^(-2) and EDER@10 mA cm^(-2) is achieved as only 0.76 V by using the optimal LaMn_(x)Ni_(y)Co_(z)O_(3)(x:y:z=1:2:3)catalyst.It is revealed that the dual Mn-Ni dopant efficiently optimizes electron structures of the LaMnNiCoO_(3)(1:2:3)catalyst,which not only decreases the e_(g) orbital electron number,but also modulates the O 2 p-band closer to the Femi level,accounting for the enhanced bifunctional activity.

Leaf pigment retrieval using the PROSAIL model: Influence of uncertainty in prior canopy-structure information

Leaf pigments are critical indicators of plant photosynthesis,stress,and physiological conditions.Inversion of radiative transfer models(RTMs)is a promising method for robustly retrieving leaf biochem-ical traits from canopy observations,and adding prior information has been effective in alleviating the“ill-posed”problem,a major challenge in model inversion.Canopy structure parameters,such as leaf area index(LAI)and average leaf inclination angle(ALA),can serve as prior information for leaf pigment retrie-val.Using canopy spectra simulated from the PROSAIL model,we estimated the effects of uncertainty in LAI and ALA used as prior information for lookup table-based inversions of leaf chlorophyll(C _(ab))and car-otenoid(C_(ar)).The retrieval accuracies of the two pigments were increased by use of the priors of LAI(RMSE of C_(ab) from 7.67 to 6.32μg cm^(-2),C_(ar) from 2.41 to 2.28μg cm^(-2))and ALA(RMSE of C_(ab) from 7.67 to 5.72μg cm^(-2),C_(ar) from 2.41 to 2.23μg cm^(-2)).However,this improvement deteriorated with an increase of additive and multiplicative uncertainties,and when 40% and 20% noise was added to LAI and ALA respectively,these priors ceased to increase retrieval accuracy.Validation using an experimental winter wheat dataset also showed that compared with C_(ar),the estimation accuracy of C_(ab) increased more or deteriorated less with uncertainty in prior canopy structure.This study demonstrates possible limita-tions of using prior information in RTM inversions for retrieval of leaf biochemistry,when large uncer-tainties are present.

Effects of 1-aminobenzotriazole on the growth and physiological characteristics of Tamarix chinensis cuttings under salt stress

vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physiology of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress and to determine a suitable ABT-1 concentration and soil salinity(Sc) for propagating T.chihehsis-cuttings.Cuttings were soaked in water and ABT-1 solutions at three concentrations(50,100,and 200 mg L^(-1)) and propagated in pots containing four soil salinity levels,mild(0.3%),moderate(0.6%),and severe(0.9% and 1.2%),and compared with a control.The cuttings were measured to determine growth indices and physiological and biochemical indices(e.g.,chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity,and malondialdehyde content).ABT-1 was effective in improving survival,growth,and physiological processes of cuttings under salt stress.However,there was a threshold effect when using ABT-1 to facilitate propagation under salt stress.ABT-1 effects were insignificant when applied at low concentrations(<100 mg L^(-1)).At a high concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),ABT-1 limited growth and physiological activities.Under a salt stress level(Sc ≤0.9%),ABT applied at a 100 mg L^(-1)concentration increased chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation effects.As a result,ABT-1 enhanced the resistance of T.chinensis to salt stress.However,under high salt stress(>0.9%) and ABT-1 concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),the physiological regulatory ability of T.chinensis seedlings weakened.T.chinensis grew well at a salt stress ≤0.9% and ABT ≤100 mg L^(-1) and exhibited relatively high physiological regulatory ability and high salt adaptability.

Effective Self-calibration for Camera Parameters and Hand-eye Geometry Based on Two Feature Points Motions

A novel and effective self-calibration approach for robot vision is presented, which can effectively estimate both the camera intrinsic parameters and the hand-eye transformation at the same time. The proposed calibration procedure is based on two arbitrary feature points of the environment, and three pure translational motions and two rotational motions of robot endeffector are needed. New linear solution equations are deduced, and the calibration parameters are finally solved accurately and effectively. The proposed algorithm has been verified by simulated data with different noise and disturbance. Because of the need of fewer feature points and robot motions, the proposed method greatly improves the efficiency and practicality of the calibration procedure. © 2017 Chinese Association of Automation.

Hybrid C8-BTBT/In GaAs nanowire heterojunction for artificial photosynaptic transistors

The emergence of light-tunable synaptic transistors provides opportunities to break through the von Neumann bottleneck and enable neuromorphic computing.Herein,a multifunctional synaptic transistor is constructed by using 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene(C8-BTBT)and indium gallium arsenide(InGaAs)nanowires(NWs)hybrid heterojunction thin film as the active layer.Under illumination,the Type-I C8-BTBT/InGaAs NWs heterojunction would make the dissociated photogenerated excitons more difficult to recombine.The persistent photoconductivity caused by charge trapping can then be used to mimic photosynaptic behaviors,including excitatory postsynaptic current,long/short-term memory and Pavlovian learning.Furthermore,a high classification accuracy of 89.72%can be achieved through the single-layer-perceptron hardware-based neural network built from C8-BTBT/InGaAs NWs synaptic transistors.Thus,this work could provide new insights into the fabrication of high-performance optoelectronic synaptic devices.

Advances in research of land surface evapotranspiration at home and abroad

Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrologic cycle and energy balances.With the development of remote sensing technology,research on monitoring and estimating of evapotranspiration has made important progress.This paper summarizes advances in measuring and estimating regional evapotranspiration at home and abroad based on traditional methods and remote sensing.This summary includes such methods as Bowen,Gradient,Penman-Monteith,Water Balance,Eddy Correlation,SPAC,Energy Balance and Remote Sensing.Also,the evapotranspiration achievements in the Heihe River Basin are also discussed.Finally,the existing problems in regional evapotranspiration research and future development prospects are also discussed at the conclusion of this paper.

Changes and Clinical Value of Serum Cortisol Levels in Patients with Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy

Objective:To investigate the changes and the corresponding clinical value of serum cortisol levels in patients with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.Methods:In this study,90 patients with different degrees of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy who were admitted from August 2018 to August 2019 in our hospital were set as the research objects.90 cases were grouped according to the diagnostic criteria in Obstetrics and Gynecology,including 30 cases in each of the hypertension group,the preeclampsia group,and the eclampsia group.Another 30 healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group.The serum cortisol levels of pregnant women in the above four groups were measured.Results:Compared with the control group,the serum cortisol levels in the other three groups were significantly increased.In perinatal outcome,compared with the control group,the three groups of patients had an increase in Apgar score,preterm birth,stillbirth rate,growth restriction rate and neonatal asphyxia rate.There were significant differences between groups(P<0.05),and showed as gestational hypertension<preeclampsia<eclampsia.Conclusion:With the exacerbation of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy,the serum cortisol level continues to increase,which has a serious adverse effect on the prognosis of the perinatal infants.

Effects of water and salt for groundwater-soil systems on root growth and architecture of Tamarix chinensis in the Yellow River Delta,China

To test the patterns of the root morphology and architecture indexes of Tamarix chinensis in response to water and salt changes in the two media of the groundwater and soil,three-year-old T.chinensis seedlings were chosen as the research object.Groundwater with four salinity levels was created,and three groundwater level(GL)were applied for each salinity treatment to measure the root growth and architecture indexes.In the fresh water and brackish water treatments,the topological index(TI)of the T.chinensis roots was close to 0.5,and the root architecture was close to a dichotomous branching pattern.In the saline water and saltwater treatments,the TI of the T.chinensis roots was large and close to 1.0,and the root architecture was close to a herringbone-like branching pattern.Under different GLs and salinities,the total root length was significantly greater than the internal link length,the external link length was greater than the internal link length,and the root system showed an outward expansion strategy.The treatment with fresh water and a GL of 1.5 m was the most suitable for T.chinensis root growth,while the root growth of T.chinensis was the worst in the treatment with saline water and a GL of 0.3 m.T.chinensis can adapt to the changes in soil water and salt by regulating the growth and morphological characteristics of the root system.T.chinensis can adapt to high-salt environments by reducing its root branching and to water deficiencies by expanding the distribution and absorption area of the root system.

Validation and error analysis of wave-modifi ed ocean surface currents in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean

By incorporating the wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing into the classical Ekman layer,the wave-modifi ed ocean surface currents in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean were estimated.Thus,the ocean surface currents are the combination of classical Ekman current from the cross-calibrated multi-platform(CCMP)wind speed,geostrophic current from the mean absolute dynamic topography(MADT),and wave-induced current based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)Interim Re-Analysis(ERA-Interim)surface wave datasets.Weight functions are introduced in the Ekman current formulation as well.Comparisons with in-situ data from Lagrangian drifters in the study area and Kuroshio Extension Observatory(KEO)observations at 32.3°N,144.6°E,and 15-m depth indicate that wave-modifi ed ocean surface currents provide accurate time means of zonal and meridional currents in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean.Result shows that the wave-modifi ed currents are quite consistent with the Lagrangian drifter observations for the period 1993-2017 in the deep ocean.The correlation(root mean square error,RMSE)is 0.96(1.45 cm/s)for the zonal component and 0.90(1.07 cm/s)for the meridional component.However,wave-modifi ed currents underestimate the Lagrangian drifter velocity in strong current and some off shore regions,especially in the regions along the Japan coast and the southeastern Mindanao.What’s more,the wave-modifi ed currents overestimate the pure Eulerian KEO current which does not consider the impact of waves,and the zonal(meridional)correlation and RMSE are 0.95(0.90)and 11.25 cm/s(12.05 cm/s)respectively.These comparisons demonstrate that our wave-modifi ed ocean surface currents have high precision and can describe the real-world ocean in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean accurately and intuitively,which can provide important routes to calculate ocean surface currents on large spatial scales.