A low-noise, high-SNR balanced homodyne detector for the bright squeezed state measurement in 1–100 kHz range

We report a low-noise, high-signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR) balanced homodyne detector based on the standard transimpedance amplifier circuit and the inductance and capacitance combination for the measurement of the bright squeezed state in the range from 1 kHz to 100 kHz. A capacitance is mounted at the input end of the AC branch to prevent the DC photocurrent from entering the AC branch and avoid AC branch saturation. By adding a switch at the DC branch,the DC branch can be flexibly turned on and off on different occasions. When the switch is on, the DC output provides a monitor signal for laser beam alignment. When the switch is off, the electronic noise of the AC branch is greatly reduced at audio-frequency band due to immunity to the impedance of the DC branch, hence the SNR of the AC branch is significantly improved. As a result, the electronic noise of the AC branch is close to -125 dBm, and the maximum SNR of the AC branch is 48 dB with the incident power of 8 mW in the range from 1 kHz to 100 kHz. The developed photodetector paves a path for measuring the bright squeezed state at audio-frequency band.

Internet access, usage and trust among medical professionals in China:A web-based survey

Objectives:Social media has changed methods of communication in the medical profession.As part of a"doctor as communicator"strategy,Chinese medical professionals are actively embracing social media,which may have an impact on tense physician-patient relationships in China.This paper aims to examine a pattern of Internet access,Internet usage,and trust among Chinese medical professionals and further explores the reasons for these relationships on an individual level.Designs:A web-based questionnaire was designed,based on a media literacy model,and was divided into 3 dimensions:public information,general medical information,and specialty information.After a two-round pilot study,1001 physicians were included.Additionally,4 interviewees were chosen to participate in in-depth interviews and content analysis was performed.Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.Results:Findings showed that new media has become a major approach for medical professionals in China to retrieve and get access to various information.However,they still trust traditional media(n=1001,P<0.01)and professional journals more(n=1001,P<0.01).Internet access,usage,and trust were positively correlated(r-0.185-0.344,P<0.01).Regarding usage habits,47.66%of the participating physicians would practice science popularization through their new media accounts and 71.23%would forward approved health information within their professional realm.A validated instrument can be provided for further related studies.Conclusions:Science popularization is a specific usage of new media among Chinese medical professionals,through which they have achieved new authority and empowered communication because of self-media.To some extent,physician-patient relationships in China can be improved because this online interaction is conducive to building harmonious and lasting offline physician-patient relationships.

Premodern Intercultural Communication by Reanalyzing the Phrase“Da Yi Jing Cheng(大医精诚)”

Culture is fluid,not static.When one culture meets and blends with another,Westerm academic circles tend to use cultural hybridity to express a mixed state of culture.By reanalyzing the classic texts in relation to“Da Yi Jing Cheng(大医精诚)”,tracing the evolution of traditional medical ethics in history,and combining the knowledge of cultural hybridity,this paper suggests that cultural hybridity is not applicable to the discussion on the phenomenon of intercultural communication in the era before the rise of national states and modernity.A new discourse is needed to express intercultural integration,one that breaks through Western values and embodies the characteristics of Asian civilization.Civilization exchange and mutual learning can become the ideal model of intercultural communication under the background of the“Belt and Road Initiative”.

Pathogenicity Analysis on Magnaporthe oryzae from Hybrid Combination Wuyou 308

Eighteen blast isolates were obtained from hybrid combination Wuyou308 using the Magnaporthe oryzae pathogen isolation method.Race identification of these isolates was conducted based on seven Chinese blast differentials and 11 blast monogenic lines.The results indicated that the isolates were identified as the races of ZB13,ZB15 and ZC13,accounting for 66.67%,27.78%,5.56%,respectively,and the resistance genes including Pi-ta2 and Pi-sh,Pi-i were highly susceptible to these isolates,while the resistance genes like Pi-kh,Pi-1,Pi2,Pi-9 and Pi-50 showed good resistance to tested pathogens.All isolates were compatible to the original rice hybrid Wuyou308.Three isolates including GDHY-308-1401 were used for testing their pathogenicity to 45 local varieties.The results demonstrated that 13 varieties appeared highly susceptible to the tested isolates,accounting for 28.89%;two varieties appeared moderately susceptible to the tested isolates,accounting for 4.44%;30 varieties showed moderately/highly resistance,accounting for 66.67%.Among them,some of new hybrid combinations such as Wufengyou 9802,Wuyou 613,Wuyou 1179 showed good resistance to the inoculated strains,and they were recommended to be candidates in the rice region where Wuyou308 showed susceptibility.

公众在重大疫情暴发初期的风险感知差异——新型冠状病毒肺炎健康信息采用的影响机制研究

本研究基于问卷调查(N=2144)考察了我国公众对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)暴发初期的健康信息采用意向,并探讨了相关影响因素,为此,本研究构建健康信息采用模型。研究发现,受众对疫情风险的知晓到重视存在严重滞后现象,新闻媒体依然是公众获取信息的主阵地,但公众对科普新闻兴趣不高。公众在疫情暴发期间的健康信息采用意向受到多方面的影响:风险感知通过影响公众的恐惧情绪进一步影响健康信息采用意向,而感知效能对疫情期间公众的健康信息采用也具有正向影响。研究还发现,公众的风险感知与现实情况存在差异,处境(疫情严重地区或其他地区)、性别、媒介渠道等对公众对新冠病毒肺炎的风险感知有影响,即不同的人群认为疫情的严重性和自身罹患疾病的可能性存在差异。对此,本文提出应重视调研人群对疫情风险感知的差异性,有针对性地开展风险沟通和舆论引导;同时,重视人际渠道在疫情暴发早期的传播作用并充分利用感知效能、恐惧诉求等强化对公众健康信息采用意向的积极影响。

不同剂量曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿

目的:比较不同剂量曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)玻璃体腔注射治疗视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿的临床疗效和相关并发症,探讨有效安全的注射剂量。方法:回顾性研究我院2015-01/2017-05收治的视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿患者62例62眼,根据注射剂量不同,分为1mg组、2mg组和4mg组,其中1mg组18例,2mg组22例,4mg组22例。分别予玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德1mg/0.025mL,2mg/0.05mL,4mg/0.1mL。于注射后1、3、6mo三个时间点进行随访,检查并比较三组患眼的最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、黄斑中心区视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)、眼压及并发症发生情况。结果:三组患者注射前年龄、性别、病程、BCVA、CMT、眼压等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。1mg IVTA组在注射后1、3mo时,BCVA和CMT较治疗前均有改善(P<0.05)。2mg IVTA组、4mg IVTA组BCVA和CMT在注射后1、3、6mo时均优于治疗前(P<0.05)。注射后3mo和6mo时,2mg IVTA组和4mg IVTA组间BCVA和CMT比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),都优于1mg IVTA组(P<0.05)。2mg IVTA组和4mg IVTA组分别有2例、6例患者发生眼压升高(≥22mmH g),给予β-受体阻滞剂降眼压处理后,6mo随访期末除4mg IVTA组仍有1例需药物降压治疗外,其余均恢复正常(≤21mmH g)。结论:2mg曲安奈德可能是玻璃体腔内注射治疗视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿比较合适的剂量。

基于PBL教学模式的有机化学实验教学设计——以“安息香缩合反应”为例

有机化学实验作为高校化学、生物及相关本科专业的基础课程,具有理论与实践、知识与创新相结合的学科特点。本文基于问题导向(PBL)教学模式,对“安息香缩合反应”进行教学设计,突出“问题为驱动,学生为主体,教师为主导,育人为目标”教育理念。教学设计过程充分融入课程思政,有效调动学生参与教学活动的积极性,使学生在掌握操作技能巩固理论的同时,全面提升自身的专业能力和综合素质,体现教书与育人的双赢。

超越想象的贫瘠:近年来海内外健康传播研究趋势及对比

本研究对近两年来海内外健康传播研究范式、话题、趋势等进行对比,对我国健康传播研究的未来予以展望。本研究发现,经过几十年的发展,西方健康传播学研究已经囊括了人类传播的各个层次,呈现出主题多元化、研究跨学科的发展趋势。一方面如机器人辅助诊疗、在线健康治疗、精准医学等前沿技术都纳入研究视野;另一方面文化差异与跨文化传播、建筑设计与视觉设计等艺术与人文范式也逐步兴起。相较而言,我国的健康传播学研究视野局限,缺乏中国特色,理论创新不足。本研究认为,在'一带一路'与健康中国两大国家战略的背景下,健康传播应当突破想象的贫瘠,为构建人类命运共同体作出贡献。

教育改善贫困阶层代际传递的效果与机制——来自CLDS微观数据的证据

基于职业阶层流动视角,利用CLDS数据和Probit模型研究教育改善贫困阶层代际传递的效果与机制,并采用IV Probit模型进行检验。研究表明:(1)子代教育和父代教育显著促进了贫困群体实现代际阶层跨越,但对不同类型群体代际阶层跨越的影响存在显著差异。(2)贫困家庭子代通过自身教育实现阶层跨越的效应“70后”大于“60后”以及“80后”“90后”、城市地区大于农村地区、女性大于男性。(3)父代教育显著促进了“60后”以及“80后”“90后”个体、城市地区个体、女性个体实现代际阶层跨越;对“70后”个体、农村地区个体、男性个体的影响不显著。(4)父代教育和子代教育改善贫困阶层代际传递的机制与渠道表现出一定的差异性。增加就业稳定性、提升健康水平、积累社会资本、获得培训机会都是教育改善贫困阶层代际传递的重要机制与渠道。

Comparative Analysis of the Genomes of Three Field Isolates of the Rice Blast Fungus <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>from Southern China

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To better understand genetic variations among different isolates of M. oryzae in the nature field, we re-sequenced and analyzed the genomes of three field isolates, QJ08-2006, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001, which showed distinct pathogenicity on Xin-Yin-Zhan, an elite variety in South China. Genome annotation indicated that these three isolates assemblies have similar genome sizes with 38.4 Mb, 38.3 Mb, and 38.4 Mb, respectively. The QJ08-2006 assembly has 2082 contigs with an N50 of 127.4 kb, the QJ10-10 assembly has 2239 contigs with an N50 of 105.13 kb, the QJ10-3001 assembly has 2025 contigs with an N50 of 133.16 kb. A total of 10,432 genes including 1408 putative secreted protein genes were identified from the annotated isolate QJ08-2006 genome, 10,418 genes including 1410 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-10, and 10,401 genes including 1420 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-3001. There are as many as 11,076 identical genes in these three isolates and contained only a few unique genes among three isolates, of which 277 unique genes in QJ08-2006 and 264 unique genes in QJ10-10, and 213 unique genes in QJ10-3001. Most of the predicted secreted protein genes had been identified, and the three re-sequenced strains contained 371, 369, and 387 small Indel, respectively. Avr genes were analyzed in several sequenced Magnaporthe strains, the results revealed that Avr-Pi9 and Avr-Piz-t were present in all the sequenced isolates. The isolates QJ08-2006 contained AvrPib, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001 had an insertion of a Pot3 element in the promoter of the AvrPib gene. Our results showed that, the rapid dominancy of virulence mutant isolates via clonal propagation displayed in the field after the release of the elite variety Xin-Yin-Zhan.

教育、社会资本与农户家庭多维贫困转化——来自CFPS微观面板数据的证据

本文利用CFPS微观面板数据,在对农户家庭多维贫困状态转化进行界定与识别区分的基础上,采用面板logit模型实证研究了教育、社会资本对农户家庭多维贫困状态转化的影响及其异质性。研究结果显示:教育与社会资本都显著地影响农户家庭多维贫困转化。劳均受教育程度提高将显著增加农户家庭脱离收入、生活条件、机会贫困的概率以及家庭多维贫困缓解的概率,显著降低家庭陷入诸类贫困的概率。社会资本积累增加将显著增加家庭脱离相对收入贫困、生活条件贫困和机会贫困的概率,也将增加家庭二维贫困缓解的概率,同时显著降低家庭陷入相对收入贫困和生活条件贫困的概率。教育与社会资本的交互项仅对家庭二维、三维贫困缓解(收入为相对标准)正向统计显著,表现出相互强化的互补关系。未能找到社会资本缓解绝对收入贫困及其多维贫困组合的稳定的正向支持证据。

安五脂素在小鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的运用高效液相色谱法分析安五脂素在小鼠体内的药代动力学特征.方法给小鼠口服安五脂素(10 m g/kg)后,取不同时间点的血液和组织样本,通过高效液相色谱法测定安五脂素的含量,运用DAS软件计算药代动力学参数,分析安五脂素在体内的分布特征.结果给药后24 h仍能在小鼠体内血液中检测到安五脂素,并在各个组织器官内广泛分布.结论安五脂素在小鼠体内的停留时间较长,分布广泛,尤其在肝内大量富集,并在脑组织中含量较高,在体内的组织浓度高低分别为肝>心>脑>肾>肺>脾.

The IL-33/ST2 axis affects tumor growth by regulating mitophagy in macrophages and reprogramming their polarization

Objective:Macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment.M1 macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory factors that inhibit tumor growth and development,whereas tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)mainly exhibit an M2 phenotype.Our previous studies have shown that the interleukin-33/ST2(IL-33/ST2)axis is essential for activation of the M1 phenotype.This study investigates the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in TAMs,its effects on tumor growth,and whether it participates in the mutual conversion between the M1 and M2 phenotypes.Methods:Bone marrow-derived macrophages were extracted from wildtype,ST2 knockout(ST2-/-),and Il33-overexpressing mice and differentiated with IL-4.The mitochondrial and lysosomal number and location,and the expression of related proteins were used to analyze mitophagy.Oxygen consumption rates and glucose and lactate levels were measured to reveal metabolic changes.Results:The IL-33/ST2 axis was demonstrated to play an important role in the metabolic conversion of macrophages from OXPHOS to glycolysis by altering mitophagy levels.The IL-33/ST2 axis promoted enhanced cell oxidative phosphorylation,thereby further increasing M2 polarization gene expression and ultimately promoting tumor growth(P<0.05)(Figure 4).This metabolic shift was not due to mitochondrial damage,because the mitochondrial membrane potential was not significantly altered by IL-4 stimulation or ST2 knockout;however,it might be associated with the m TOR activity.Conclusions:These results clarify the interaction between the IL-33/ST2 pathway and macrophage polarization,and may pave the way to the development of new cancer immunotherapies targeting the IL-33/ST2 axis.

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection and impact of vaccination

AIM: To investigate hepatitis B virus(HBV) prevalence in the general population in China.METHODS: A total of 148931 individuals were investigated by multistage random sampling in Eastern China. Data were collected on demographics and hepatitis B vaccination history, and serum was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) by ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 11469 participants(7.70%, 95%CI: 7.57%-7.84%) were positive for HBs Ag. HBs Ag prevalence was 0.77% among children < 5 years old but increased progressively from adolescents(1.40%-2.55%) to adults(5.69%-11.22%). A decrease in HBs Ag prevalence was strongly associated with vaccination and familial history of HBV among both children and adult groups. Meanwhile, HBs Ag risk in adults was associated with invasive testing and sharing needles. The HBV immunization rate among participants aged < 20 years was 93.30%(95%CI: 93.01%-93.58%). Significant difference in HBs Ag prevalence appeared between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants(3.59% vs 10.22%). CONCLUSION: Although the national goal of HBs Ag prevalence < 1% among children < 5 years old has been reached, immunization programs should be maintained to prevent resurgence.

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and migraine: A meta-analysis

AIM: To quantify the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and migraine.

Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Iran

In Iran,the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is relatively low according to the populationbased epidemiological studies. However,the epidemiology of HCV is changing and the rate of HCV infection is increasing due to the growth in the number of injecting drug users in the society. In addition,a shift has occurred in the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes among HCV-infected patients in Iran. Genotype 1a is the most prevalent genotype in Iran,but in recent years,an increase in the frequency of 3a and a decrease in 1a and 1b have been reported. These variations in the epidemiology of HCV reflect differences in the routes of transmission,status of public health,lifestyles,and risk factors in different groups and geographic regions of Iran. Health policy makers should consider these differences to establish better strategies for control and prevention of HCV infection. Therefore,this review was conducted to present a clear view regarding the current epidemiology of HCV infection in Iran.

Artificial antigen-presenting cells plus IL-15 and IL-21 efficiently induce melanoma-specific cytotoxic CD8^+CD28^+ T lymphocyte responses

Objective:To develop a novel artificial antigen-presenting system for efficiently inducing melanoma-specific CD8+CD28+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte（CTL） responses.Methods:Cell-sized Dynabeads? M-450 Epoxy beads coated with H-2Kb:Ig-TRP2(181111K and anti-CD28 antibody were used as artificial antigen-presenting cells（aAPCs） lo induce melanoma-specific CD8*CD28’ CTL responses with the help of IL-2I and IL-I5.Dimer staining,proliferation,ELISPOT,and cytotoxicity experiments were conducted to evaluate the frequency and activity of induced CTLs.Results:Dimer staining demonstrated that the new artificial antigen-presenting system efficiently induced melanoma TRP2-specific CD8CD28' CTLs.Proliferation and ELISPOT assays indicated that the induced CTLs rapidly proliferate and produce increased IFN- y under the slimulalion of H-2K:Ig-TRP2-aAPCs,TL-15,and IL-21.In addition,cytoloxicily experiments showed lhat induced CTLs have specific killing activity of target cells.Conclusions:The new artificial antigen-presenting system including aAPCs plus IL-21 and IL-15 can induce a large number of antigen-specific CD8+CD28+ CTLs against the melanoma.Our study provides evidence for a novel adoptive immunotherapy against tumors.

Host genetic variations are associated with virological response to interferon therapy of chronic HCV in Han Chinese patients

Previous studies have suggested that host genetic polymorphisms may affect virological response to pegylatedinterferon and ribavirin（PEG-IFN/ ribavirin） therapy in chronic HCV infection.IL28 B and MxA are the most intensively studied genes in Chinese Han population.The current research is to summarize published data and evaluate the overall association of meaningful SNPs in these two genes with virological response to interferon-based therapy.Literature search was performed in online database and a systematic review was conducted based on the search results.Meaningful single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） were summarized and analyzed for odds ratio（OR） and 95%confidence intervals（95%CI）.Data manipulation and statistical analyses were performed by using STATA 12.0and Review Manager version 5.1.Eighteen papers were included for final data analysis.Three SNPs of IL28 B and two SNPs of MxA were found to be associated with higher sustained virological response（SVR） to interferon therapy.The ORs and 95%CIs of each variant were：IL28B rs8099917 TT（OR：4.35,95%CI：3.10-6.12）,IL28 B rs12979860CC（OR：5.37,95%CI：3.95-7.31）,IL28 B rs7248668 CC（OR：3.50,95%CI：2.30-5.35）,MxA rs2071430 GT（OR：2.03,95%CI：1.31-3.13）,and MxA rsl7000900 AC/AA（OR：1.82,95%CI：1.17-2.83）.The genotypes of IL28 B rs8099917,rsl2979860,rs7248668,MxA rs2071430,and MxA rs17000900 were strong SVR predictors for PEG-IFN/ribavirin-treated HCV patients in Han Chinese population.Our findings suggest that host genetic variations are associated with virological response to interferon therapy of chronic HCV in Han Chinese patients.

Micro and Nanotechnology for Intracellular Delivery Therapy Protein

Proteins therapy is of great importance in the treatment of protein deficiency disease. Most human diseases are related to the malfunctioning of one or more proteins. The most effective and direct approach is protein therapy, which delivers the proteins into the target cell to replace the dysfunction protein and maintain the balance of organism. However, clinical application is frequently hampered by various biological barriers to their successful delivery. This review aims to discuss the recent advances about microparticles and nanoparticles fabricated using micro and nanotechnology for intracellular delivery therapy protein and give some suggestions about the promising delivery system.

Hybridized S cathode with N719 dye for a photo-assisted charging Li-S battery

Nowadays,huge consumption of fossil fuels brings about serious energy crisis and environmental problems,which urge researchers to explore novel sustainable energy sources and storage systems[1,2].