AGI时代人机共生景观下的媒介化生存:新的延伸、相互形塑与潜在异化

随着Sora的横空出世,人类在某种意义上探索出了AGI时代的入口。当前人类社会已进入深度媒介化阶段,人机协同共生是实现价值最大化的必然路径。本文以媒介环境学派为线索,考察了媒介变迁史与社会结构演变的联系,并从中推演人工智能接入媒介后可能对社会产生的作用。在人机共生景观中,人的媒介化生存需要沿着三重视角展开:一是人与媒介之间超越中介的全新延伸,二是人与媒介彼此塑造共生的复合关系,三是警惕人工智能对人的反向异化。

管理决策中的分布鲁棒优化

《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》要求大力发展物流、交通、医疗等行业,其中做好管理决策是关键。作为管理决策的引擎,分布鲁棒优化以其决策稳健性、计算便利性、应用普适性等突出优势,在近20年得到了学界和业界的广泛关注。本文从优化问题环境参数的不确定性建模、分布鲁棒机会约束优化以及分布鲁棒线性优化等方面,梳理了分布鲁棒优化的经典结论与研究现状,并以车辆路径优化、共享出行车辆调配、医疗手术室调度三个典型问题为例,回顾了分布鲁棒优化在管理决策中的应用。立足大数据时代,当前研究趋势包括:特征数据驱动的分布鲁棒优化、结合具体应用场景的数据驱动型分布鲁棒优化以及数据驱动型分布鲁棒离散优化的算法设计等。这些重要问题的解决将推动该领域的数据化发展,并进一步为服务国家战略赋能。

Unexpected divergence in magnetoreceptor MagR from robin and pigeon linked to two sequence variations

Birds exhibit extraordinary mobility and remarkable navigational skills,obtaining guidance cues from the Earth’s magnetic field for orientation and long-distance movement.Bird species also show tremendous diversity in navigation strategies,with considerable differences even within the same taxa and among individuals from the same population.The highly conserved iron and iron-sulfur cluster binding magnetoreceptor(MagR)protein is suggested to enable animals,including birds,to detect the geomagnetic field and navigate accordingly.Notably,MagR is also implicated in other functions,such as electron transfer and biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters,raising the question of whether variability exists in its biochemical and biophysical features among species,particularly birds.In the current study,we conducted a comparative analysis of MagR from two different bird species,including the migratory European robin(Erithacus rubecula)and the homing pigeon(Columba livia).Sequence alignment revealed an extremely high degree of similarity between the MagRs of these species,with only three sequence variations.Nevertheless,two of these variations underpinned significant differences in metal binding capacity,oligomeric state,and magnetic properties.These findings offer compelling evidence for the marked differences in MagR between the two avian species,potentially explaining how a highly conserved protein can mediate such diverse functions.

甜瓜HDM基因家族鉴定及特性分析

组蛋白去甲基化酶(histone demethylase,HDM)是生物生长过程中的重要调节因子之一,在植物的生长发育和环境适应过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。本研究通过生物信息学方法对甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.) HDM基因家族进行了鉴定,并通过转录组数据检测了其成员在甜瓜组织的表达特性。结果显示,在甜瓜基因组中鉴定得到了20个CmHDM基因,在各条染色体上非均匀分布;其成员可以分成LSD1和JmjC两大类,而JmjC类群又可划分为5个亚群,各类群成员数量不等;种内和种间的共线性关系显示,甜瓜HDM基因仅存在一对片段重复,与番茄(Solanum lycopersicum) HDM基因共线性区域较多,亲缘关系较近;各成员所含保守结构域数量不等,且外显子和内含子在数量上有所差异;在启动子区域存在多种与激素和环境信号响应的顺式作用元件,表达特性分析显示各基因成员在甜瓜雄花、雌花、根、茎、叶、子房和成熟果实中均存在不同程度的表达。这些结果将有助于更好地理解HDM基因的潜在功能以及它们在参与调节甜瓜生长发育和环境自适中可能发挥的作用。

基于锌空电池探究能斯特方程影响因素及固态锌空电池的应用

针对无机化学中能斯特方程的教学难点,本实验引入紧跟科学前沿的锌空电池为教学模型,通过改变电极氧化型和还原型浓度来探究能斯特方程影响因素,加深学生对于电化学过程的理解。同时将柔性电子技术引入实验课堂,以安全环保的卡拉胶作为固态电解质,引导学生学习、搭建固态锌空电池,并对其进行电池电压与弯曲角度的性能测试。此外,培养学生创造力,自主设计搭建多形态固态锌空电池,并对用电器进行供电。本实验紧密结合基础电化学知识,密切联系科研前端技术,使学生在加深对能斯特方程理解的同时,能够认识和制作柔性电子器件,激发学生对电化学课程的学习兴趣,且教学成本低、效果好。

Mitochondrial targeting sequence of magnetoreceptor MagR:More than just targeting

Iron-sulfur clusters(ISC)are essential cofactors for proteins involved in various biological processes,such as electron transport,biosynthetic reactions,DNA repair,and gene expression regulation.ISC assembly protein IscA1(or MagR)is found within the mitochondria of most eukaryotes.Magnetoreceptor(MagR)is a highly conserved A-type iron and iron-sulfur cluster-binding protein,characterized by two distinct types of iron-sulfur clusters,[2Fe-2S]and[3Fe-4S],each conferring unique magnetic properties.MagR forms a rod-like polymer structure in complex with photoreceptive cryptochrome(Cry)and serves as a putative magnetoreceptor for retrieving geomagnetic information in animal navigation.Although the N-terminal sequences of MagR vary among species,their specific function remains unknown.In the present study,we found that the N-terminal sequences of pigeon MagR,previously thought to serve as a mitochondrial targeting signal(MTS),were not cleaved following mitochondrial entry but instead modulated the efficiency with which iron-sulfur clusters and irons are bound.Moreover,the N-terminal region of MagR was required for the formation of a stable MagR/Cry complex.Thus,the N-terminal sequences in pigeon MagR fulfil more important functional roles than just mitochondrial targeting.These results further extend our understanding of the function of MagR and provide new insights into the origin of magnetoreception from an evolutionary perspective.

On the evolutionary trail of MagRs

Magnetic sense,or termed magnetoreception,has evolved in a broad range of taxa within the animal kingdom to facilitate orientation and navigation.MagRs,highly conserved A-type iron-sulfur proteins,are widely distributed across all phyla and play essential roles in both magnetoreception and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis.However,the evolutionary origins and functional diversification of MagRs from their prokaryotic ancestor remain unclear.In this study,MagR sequences from 131 species,ranging from bacteria to humans,were selected for analysis,with 23 representative sequences covering species from prokaryotes to Mollusca,Arthropoda,Osteichthyes,Reptilia,Aves,and mammals chosen for protein expression and purification.Biochemical studies revealed a gradual increase in total iron content in MagRs during evolution.Three types of MagRs were identified,each with distinct iron and/or iron-sulfur cluster binding capacity and protein stability,indicating continuous expansion of the functional roles of MagRs during speciation and evolution.This evolutionary biochemical study provides valuable insights into how evolution shapes the physical and chemical properties of biological molecules such as MagRs and how these properties influence the evolutionary trajectories of MagRs.

Staging liver fibrosis with various diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging models

BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)has been developed to stage liver fibrosis.However,its diagnostic performance is inconsistent among studies.Therefore,it is worth studying the diagnostic value of various diffusion models for liver fibrosis in one cohort.AIM To evaluate the clinical potential of six diffusion-weighted models in liver fibrosis staging and compare their diagnostic performances.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 59 patients suspected of liver disease and scheduled for liver biopsy and 17 healthy participants.All participants underwent multi-b value DWI.The main DWI-derived parameters included Mono-apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)from mono-exponential DWI,intravoxel incoherent motion model-derived true diffusion coefficient(IVIM-D),diffusion kurtosis imaging-derived apparent diffusivity(DKI-MD),stretched exponential model-derived distributed diffusion coefficient(SEM-DDC),fractional order calculus(FROC)model-derived diffusion coefficient(FROC-D)and FROC model-derived microstructural quantity(FROC-μ),and continuous-time random-walk(CTRW)model-derived anomalous diffusion coefficient(CTRW-D)and CTRW model-derived temporal diffusion heterogeneity index(CTRW-α).The correlations between DWI-derived parameters and fibrosis stages and the parameters’diagnostic efficacy in detecting significant fibrosis(SF)were assessed and compared.RESULTS CTRW-D(r=-0.356),CTRW-α(r=-0.297),DKI-MD(r=-0.297),FROC-D(r=-0.350),FROC-μ(r=-0.321),IVIM-D(r=-0.251),Mono-ADC(r=-0.362),and SEM-DDC(r=-0.263)were significantly correlated with fibrosis stages.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of the combined index of the six models for distinguishing SF(0.697-0.747)were higher than each of the parameters alone(0.524-0.719).The DWI models’ability to detect SF was similar.The combined index of CTRW model parameters had the highest AUC(0.747).CONCLUSION The DWI models were similarly valuable in distinguishing SF in patients with liver disease.The combined index of CTRW parameters had the highest AUC.

Labial inverse dilaceration of bilateral maxillary central incisors: A case report

BACKGROUND Dilaceration is a rare dental developmental anomaly characterized by an abrupt deviation along the longitudinal axis of the root in which an angulation forms between the root and the crown.Here,we report on dilacerated bilateral maxi-llary central incisors in mixed dentition.CASE SUMMARY A 10-year-old girl presented with a chief complaint of unerupted central incisors.An oral examination and radiography provided the basis for a diagnosis of dilaceration of the maxillary central incisors.After surgical exposure of the impacted teeth,a button with an attached chain was applied to the palatal surface of teeth 11 and 21.After 8 mo,a button was bonded to the labial surface of the crown to fix an elastic chain and move the teeth toward the maxillary arch.Finally,a fixed appliance was applied to tooth alignment to Class 1 malocclusion using a 0.019×0.025-inch nickel-titanium wire.After 3 years of follow-up,the clinical findings and radiographic assessment showed that the roots had developed with vital dental pulp and healthy periodontium,were acceptable aesthetically,and showed no resorption.CONCLUSION The rare occurrences of dilacerated bilateral maxillary central incisors can be successfully treated through surgical exposure and orthodontics.

Identification and virulence test of a new pathogen that causes verticillium striping on rapeseed in northwestern China

Five stems of rapeseed with abundant black microsclerotia were collected from Huangyuan County of Qinghai Province,China,and fungal isolates were obtained from the stems.They were identified based on morphology,molecular features and specific PCR detection.The results showed that the 10 fungal isolates belonged to Verticillium longisporum lineage A1/D3.One of the 10 isolates(HW7-1)was tested for virulence on three species of rapeseed,including B.napus Zhongshuang 9,B.rapa Qingyou 9 and B.juncea Tayou 2 by conidia inoculation of HW7-1 on roots of young seedlings.Control seedlings were inoculated with V.dahliae conidia or water alone.The seedlings of these treatments were transplanted in culture mix and incubated in a growth chamber(20℃).Results suggested that the control seedlings of three cultivars appeared quite healthy,while the seedlings inoculated with HW7-1 turned yellowing leaves,seedling stunting or even death after 22 days post-inoculation.V.longisporum was re-isolated from he yellow leaves,thus fulfilling Koch's postulates.Moreover,compared to the control treatments,inoculation with HW7-1 caused flowering delay and seed yield reduction on Tayou 2 with production of microsclerotia on the stems.To our knowledge,this is the first report of V.longisporum lineage A1/D3 on rapeseed in northwestern China.

基于高管连锁网络的上市公司财务困境预测研究

上市公司财务困境的预测问题是金融学领域的热点研究问题之一,科学的财务困境预测有利于企业提高预警管理水平。高管连锁网络通过高管在多家公司兼任的方式在企业中形成网络,使企业之间的决策越来越紧密关联,对企业的行为和绩效产生影响,而现有的财务困境预测模型忽视了高管连锁网络的影响。针对具有网络结构的样本数据,本文提出了带样本网络结构的Logistic模型,根据系数是否受网络结构影响将变量分为网络结构变量和非网络结构变量,不同样本对应的网络结构变量系数是不同的,通过拉普拉斯(Laplacian)二次惩罚函数鼓励样本网络中有连接的样本对应的网络结构变量系数具有相似性。蒙特卡洛模拟表明该模型要优于其他方法。最后,本文应用所提方法基于高管连锁网络进行了财务困境预测研究。结果表明,将高管连锁网络信息纳入财务困境预测模型,可以提高模型预测的准确率。

The interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 regulates dendritic morphology and synapse plasticity in neurons

Morphological alterations in dendritic spines have been linked to changes in functional communication between neurons that affect learning and memory.Kinesin-4 KIF21A helps organize the microtubule-actin network at the cell cortex by interacting with KANK1;however,whether KIF21A modulates dendritic structure and function in neurons remains unknown.In this study,we found that KIF21A was distributed in a subset of dendritic spines,and that these KIF21A-positive spines were larger and more structurally plastic than KIF21A-negative spines.Furthermore,the interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 was found to be critical for dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity.Knockdown of either KIF21A or KANK1 inhibited dendritic spine morphogenesis and dendritic branching,and these deficits were fully rescued by coexpressing full-length KIF21A or KANK1,but not by proteins with mutations disrupting direct binding between KIF21A and KANK1 or binding between KANK1 and talin1.Knocking down KIF21A in the hippocampus of rats inhibited the amplitudes of long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation and negatively impacted the animals’cognitive abilities.Taken together,our findings demonstrate the function of KIF21A in modulating spine morphology and provide insight into its role in synaptic function.

Coaxial electrohydrodynamic printing of core–shell microfibrous scaffolds with layer-specific growth factors release for enthesis regeneration

The rotator cuff tear has emerged as a significant global health concern.However,existing therapies fail to fully restore the intricate bone-to-tendon gradients,resulting in compromised biomechanical functionalities of the reconstructed enthesis tissues.Herein,a tri-layered core–shell microfibrous scaffold with layer-specific growth factors(GFs)release is developed using coaxial electrohydrodynamic(EHD)printing for in situ cell recruitment and differentiation to facilitate gradient enthesis tissue repair.Stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1)is loaded in the shell,while basic fibroblast GF,transforming GF-beta,and bone morphogenetic protein-2 are loaded in the core of the EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds in a layer-specific manner.Correspondingly,the tri-layered microfibrous scaffolds have a core–shell fiber size of(25.7±5.1)μm,with a pore size sequentially increasing from(81.5±4.6)μm to(173.3±6.9)μm,and to(388.9±6.9μm)for the tenogenic,chondrogenic,and osteogenic instructive layers.A rapid release of embedded GFs is observed within the first 2 d,followed by a faster release of SDF-1 and a slightly slower release of differentiation GFs for approximately four weeks.The coaxial EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds significantly promote stem cell recruitment and direct their differentiation toward tenocyte,chondrocyte,and osteocyte phenotypes in vitro.When implanted in vivo,the tri-layered core–shell microfibrous scaffolds rapidly restored the biomechanical functions and promoted enthesis tissue regeneration with native-like bone-to-tendon gradients.Our findings suggest that the microfibrous scaffolds with layer-specific GFs release may offer a promising clinical solution for enthesis regeneration.

Meiotic transcriptional reprogramming mediated by cell-cell communications in humans and mice revealed by scATACseq and scRNA-seq

Meiosis is a highly complex process significantly influenced by transcriptional regulation.However,studies on the mechanisms that govern transcriptomic changes during meiosis,especially in prophase I,are limited.Here,we performed single-cell ATAC-seq of human testis tissues and observed reprogramming during the transition from zygotene to pachytene spermatocytes.This event,conserved in mice,involved the deactivation of genes associated with meiosis after reprogramming and the activation of those related to spermatogenesis before their functional onset.Furthermore,we identified 282 transcriptional regulators(TRs)that underwent activation or deactivation subsequent to this process.Evidence suggested that physical contact signals from Sertoli cells may regulate these TRs in spermatocytes,while secreted ENHO signals may alter metabolic patterns in these cells.Our results further indicated that defective transcriptional reprogramming may be associated with non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA).This study revealed the importance of both physical contact and secreted signals between Sertoli cells and germ cells in meiotic progression.

Exploring device physics of perovskite solar cell via machine learning with limited samples

Perovskite solar cells(PsCs)have developed tremendously over the past decade.However,the key factors influencing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs remain incompletely understood,due to the complexity and coupling of these structural and compositional parameters.In this research,we demon-strate an effective approach to optimize PSCs performance via machine learning(ML).To address chal-lenges posed by limited samples,we propose a feature mask(FM)method,which augments training samples through feature transformation rather than synthetic data.Using this approach,squeeze-and-excitation residual network(SEResNet)model achieves an accuracy with a root-mean-square-error(RMSE)of 0.833%and a Pearson's correlation coefficient(r)of 0.980.Furthermore,we employ the permu-tation importance(PI)algorithm to investigate key features for PCE.Subsequently,we predict PCE through high-throughput screenings,in which we study the relationship between PCE and chemical com-positions.After that,we conduct experiments to validate the consistency between predicted results by ML and experimental results.In this work,ML demonstrates the capability to predict device performance,extract key parameters from complex systems,and accelerate the transition from laboratory findings to commercialapplications.

Electrocatalysts with atomic-level site for nitrate reduction to ammonia

Ammonia(NH_(3))is an important raw material for modern agriculture and industry,being widely demanded to sustain the sustainable development of modern society.Currently,the industrial production methods of NH_(3),such as the traditional Haber-Bosch process,have drawbacks including high energy consumption and significant carbon dioxide emissions.In recent years,the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)powered by intermittent renewable energy sources has gradually become a multidisciplinary research hotspot,as it allows for the efficient synthesis of NH_(3)under mild conditions.In this review,we focus on the research of electrocatalysts with atomic-level site,which have attracted attention due to their extremely high atomic utilization efficiency and unique structural characteristics in the field of NO_(3)RR.Firstly,we introduce the mechanism of nitrate reduction for ammonia synthesis and discuss the in-situ characterization techniques related to the mechanism study.Secondly,we review the progress of the electrocatalysts with atomic-level site for nitrate reduction and explore the structure-activity relationship to guide the rational design of efficient catalysts.Lastly,the conclusions of this review and the challenges and prospective of this promising field are presented.

Effects of pyraclostrobin on growth,oxidative stress,and gene expression in relation to stress and ATP-binding cassette transporters in Tetrahymena thermophila

Pyraclostrobin(PYR),a widely used fungicide,has negative effects on fish and algae,but its toxicity in protozoa remains unclear.In this study,the effects of PYR on the growth,oxidative stress,and gene expression related to stress and ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters in Tetrahymena thermophila were investigated.The result showed that the 96-h IC_(50)of PYR against T.thermophila was 17.2 mg/L.Moreover,PYR inhibited the growth of T.thermophila in concentration-or time-dependent manner.A morphological study revealed that the shape and size of T.thermophila changed,and damage of cell membrane surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy after 96 h of PYR exposure.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)increased throughout the experiment.In contrast,the glutathione(GSH)content was increased at 24 h and 48 h of exposure and decreased at 96 h.Moreover,a significant increase in malondialdehyde(MDA)level was observed in T.thermophila after96 h of exposure.Furthermore,PYR upregulated the HSP703,HSP705,GPx2,and ABAC15 gene expression in the 0.1–5-mg/L groups and downregulated the HSP704,HSP90,TGR,and ABCC52 mRNA levels at 96 h of exposure.These results suggest that PYR may exert adverse effects on T.thermophila by inducing oxidative stress and changing the gene expression related to ABC transporters and stress,which may enrich the understanding of the toxicity mechanism of PYR in aquatic organisms and provide reference data for aquatic ecological risk assessments.

27-Hydroxycholesterol/liver X receptor/apolipoprotein E mediates zearalenone-induced intestinal immunosuppression:A key target potentially linking zearalenone and cancer

Zearalenone(ZEN)is a mycotoxin that extensively contaminates food and feed,posing a significant threat to public health.However,the mechanisms behind ZEN-induced intestinal immunotoxicity remain unclear.In this study,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were exposed to ZEN at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day b.w.for a duration of 14 days.The results demonstrated that ZEN exposure led to notable pathological alterations and immunosuppression within the intestine.Furthermore,ZEN exposure caused a significant reduction in the levels of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)and liver X receptor(LXR)(P<0.05).Conversely,it upregulated the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)markers(P<0.05)and decreased the presence of 27-hydroxycholesterol(27-HC)in the intestine(P<0.05).It was observed that ApoE or LXR agonists were able to mitigate the immunosuppressive effects induced by ZEN.Additionally,a bioinformatics analysis highlighted that the downregulation of ApoE might elevate the susceptibility to colorectal,breast,and lung cancers.These findings underscore the crucial role of the 27-HC/LXR/ApoE axis disruption in ZEN-induced MDSCs proliferation and subsequent inhibition of T lymphocyte activation within the rat intestine.Notably,ApoE may emerge as a pivotal target linking ZEN exposure to cancer development.

DNA damage response-related immune activation signature predicts the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: from gastrointestinal cancer analysis to pan-cancer validation

Objective: DNA damage response(DDR) deficiency has emerged as a prominent determinant of tumor immunogenicity. This study aimed to construct a DDR-related immune activation(DRIA) signature and evaluate the predictive accuracy of the DRIA signature for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI) therapy in gastrointestinal(GI) cancer.Methods: A DRIA signature was established based on two previously reported DNA damage immune response assays. Clinical and gene expression data from two published GI cancer cohorts were used to assess and validate the association between the DRIA score and response to ICI therapy. The predictive accuracy of the DRIA score was validated based on one ICI-treated melanoma and three pan-cancer published cohorts.Results: The DRIA signature includes three genes(CXCL10, IDO1, and IFI44L). In the discovery cancer cohort, DRIA-high patients with gastric cancer achieved a higher response rate to ICI therapy than DRIA-low patients(81.8% vs. 8.8%;P < 0.001), and the predictive accuracy of the DRIA score [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) = 0.845] was superior to the predictive accuracy of PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and Epstein–Barr virus status. The validation cohort demonstrated that the DRIA score identified responders with microsatellite-stable colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma who received dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade with radiation therapy. Furthermore, the predictive performance of the DRIA score was shown to be robust through an extended validation in melanoma, urothelial cancer, and pan-cancer.Conclusions: The DRIA signature has superior and robust predictive accuracy for the efficacy of ICI therapy in GI cancer and pancancer, indicating that the DRIA signature may serve as a powerful biomarker for guiding ICI therapy decisions.

脂蛋白a水平与不同类型痴呆发生风险的相关性研究

目的:评估脂蛋白a水平与不同类型痴呆(阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆、额颞叶痴呆、帕金森病相关痴呆,血管性痴呆)发生风险之间相关性。方法:采用两样本孟德尔随机化研究方法,通过全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)汇总数据集获得与脂蛋白a水平密切相关的遗传位点作为工具变量(IV),分别与不同类型痴呆进行两样本孟德尔随机化(TSMR)分析,以随机效应逆方差加权法(IVW)的结果为主。以MR-Egger法进行多效性分析、留一法进行敏感性分析来验证数据的可靠性。结果:脂蛋白a水平升高与路易体痴呆风险呈正相关(OR=1.68,P=0.0005),和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)的发生呈负相关(OR=0.95,P=0.0027),与血管性痴呆、额颞叶痴呆、帕金森相关痴呆未发现明显相关性。结论:脂蛋白a水平可能与路易体痴呆发病风险呈正相关,可能与阿尔茨海默病发病风险呈负相关,与其它类型痴呆无明显相关性。