Effect of Dendrobium nobile powder combined with conventional therapy on mild to moderate fatty liver

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)encompasses a variety of liver conditions impacting individuals who consume minimal or no alcohol.Recently,traditional Chinese medicine has been gradually used to treat mild to moderate fatty liver,among which Dendrobium nobile Lindl.powder has been affirmed by many doctors and patients to be effective.However,there is limited research on combining this treatment with standard therapies for mild to moderate NAFLD.AIM To survey the effect of combining Dendrobium nobile Lindl.powder with standard treatment on liver function and lipid metabolism disorder in patients with mild to moderate NAFLD.METHODS Eighty patients with mild to moderate NAFLD participated in this retrospective study,classified into two groups:The observation group(n=40)and the control group(n=40).In November 2020 and November 2022,the study was conducted at People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area.The control group received standard treatment,while the observation group received Dendrobium nobile Lindl.powder based on the control group.The study compared differences in traditional Chinese medicine clinical syndrome scores,liver fibrosis treatment,liver function indicators,lipid levels,and serum inflammatory factor levels before and after treatment,and we calculated the incidence of adverse reactions for both groups.RESULTS The total effective rate was 97.50%in the observation group and 72.5%in the control group.After 8 weeks of treatment,the main and secondary symptom scores remarkably decreased,especially in the observation group(P<0.05),and there was a significant reduction in the serum levels of hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),human rocollagen III(PC III),and collagen type IV(CIV).The levels of HA,LN,PC III,and CIV were significantly lower in the observation group(P<0.05).After 8 weeks,both groups indicated remarkable improvements in liver function and blood lipid levels,with the observation group having even lower levels(P<0.05).Serum levels of interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-8 also dropped significantly.The observation group had a lower rate of adverse reactions(5.00%)compared to the control group(22.50%).CONCLUSION Adding Dendrobium nobile Lindl.powder to standard treatment has been found to remarkably improve symptoms and reduce inflammation in patients with mild to moderate fatty liver disease.It also enhances hepatic function and lipid profile,ameliorates liver fibrosis indices,and lowers the risk of side effects.Consequently,this therapeutic protocol shows promise for clinical implementation and dissemination.

基于改进的HMAX算法的车型识别应用

本文实现了将改进的HMAX算法应用于车型识别领域。算法的主要创新点是采用ITTI显著性算法选取车辆图片显著点构造图库,通过采用对颜色、亮度和朝向三方面敏感度的综合,构造更具代表性的模板库,提高了算法的识别率。此外,通过计算同一模板与不同图片响应度值的方差,消除了冗余模板,降低了算法识别时间。分析和实验表明,改进的HMAX算法可以有效地实现车型识别,新提出的算法相对原先HMAX模型在识别率可以提高1%~2%,相对当前存在的其他车型识别算法在识别率方面可提升约5%~10%,在保证特征数量的前提下,识别率接近95%;此外,加入模版筛选方法的改进算法相对于原先HMAX模型在识别率基本保持不变的条件下,识别时间可以缩减到原先的1/4,最终根据效益值评估的最优组合中,识别率约为92%,识别时间为0.6s/幅图片,相对于原先方法均达到了一定的提升。

The SOLIDS 6G Mobile Network Architecture:Driving Forces,Features,and Functional Topology

With the large-scale commercial launch of fifth generation(5G)mobile network,the development of new services and applications catering to the year 2030,along with the deep convergence of information,communication,and data technologies(ICDT),and the lessons and experiences from 5G practice will drive the evolution of the next generation of mobile networks.This article surveys the history and driving forces of the evolution of the mobile network architecture and proposes a logical function architecture for sixth generation(6G)mobile network.The proposed 6G network architecture is termed SOLIDS(related to the following basic features:soft,on-demand fulfillment,lite,native intelligence,digital twin,and native security),which can support self-generation,self-healing,self-evolution,and self-immunity without human involvement and address the primary issues in the legacy 5G network(e.g.,high cost,high power consumption,and highly complicated operation and maintenance),significantly well.

Inhibition of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis: regulation of mitochondrial function by PACAP

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide（PACAP） is an endogenous peptide with neuroprotective effects on retinal neurons, but the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unknown. Considering the abundance of mitochondria in retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）, we postulate that the protective effect of PACAP is associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function. RGC-5 cells were subjected to serum deprivation for 48 hours to induce apoptosis in the presence or absence of 100 nM PACAP. As revealed with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, PACAP at different concentrations significantly increased the viability of RGC-5 cells. PACAP also inhibited the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species in RGC-5 cells subjected to serum deprivation. We also showed by flow cytometry that PACAP inhibited serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in RGC-5 cells. The proportions of apoptotic cells and cells with mitochondria depolarization were significantly decreased with PACAP treatment. Western blot assays demonstrated that PACAP increased the levels of Bcl-2 and inhibited the compensatory increase of PAC1. Together, these data indicate protective effects of PACAP against serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in RGCs, and that the mechanism of this action is associated with maintaining mitochondrial function.

The heterozygous EDNRB mutation in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type Ⅰ

The genovariation of endothelin receptor type B(EDNRB) was identified in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type I(WS1) in the present study. WS1 was diagnosed in a 19-year-old young man, his older sister and aunt according to WS consortium criteria. After extracting genomic DNA from the peripheral blood samples, the coding exons and intronic regions of EDNRB were sequenced. A missense heterozygous mutation was found in the coding region of exon 2 in the EDNRB gene on chormosome 13 q22.3 of the proband. The same mutation was detected in the proband’s afflicted paternal aunt and first older sister. Subsequent polyphen analysis and three-dimensional modeling confirmed that the c.469 A>G heterozygous mutation in EDNRB was possibly pathogenic. This is the first report of EDNRB mutation as a potential disease-causing mutation in Chinese patients with WS1.

Cloud-Assisted Distributed Edge Brains for Multi-Cell Joint Beamforming Optimization for 6G

In 5G networks,optimization of antenna beam weights of base stations has become the key application of AI for network optimization.For 6G,higher frequency bands and much denser cells are expected,and the importance of automatic and accurate beamforming assisted by AI will become more prominent.In existing network,servers are“patched”to network equipment to act as a centralized brain for model training and inference leading to high transmission overhead,large inference latency and potential risks of data security.Decentralized architectures have been proposed to achieve flexible parameter configuration and fast local response,but it is inefficient in collecting and sharing global information among base stations.In this paper,we propose a novel solution based on a collaborative cloud edge architecture for multi-cell joint beamforming optimization.We analyze the performance and costs of the proposed solution with two other architectural solutions by simulation.Compared with the centralized solution,our solution improves prediction accuracy by 24.66%,and reduces storage cost by 83.82%.Compared with the decentralized solution,our solution improves prediction accuracy by 68.26%,and improves coverage performance by 0.4 dB.At last,the future research work is prospected.

On-treatment quantitative hepatitis B e antigen predicted response to nucleos(t)ide analogues in chronic hepatitis B

AIMTo investigate potential predictors for treatment response to nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODSSeventy-six HBeAg-positive CHB patients received 96-wk NAs optimized therapy (lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil) were studied retrospectively. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen, HBeAg, hepatitis B core antibody, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and alanine aminotransferase levels were quantitatively measured before and during the treatment at 12 and 24 wk. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for treatment response, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of the independent predictors were calculated. RESULTSForty-three CHB patients (56.6%) achieved virological response (VR: HBV DNA &le; 300 copies/mL) and 15 patients (19.7%) developed HBeAg seroconversion (SC) after the 96-wk NAs treatment. The HBeAg level (OR = 0.45, P = 0.003) as well as its declined value (OR = 2.03, P = 0.024) at 24-wk independently predicted VR, with the AUROC of 0.788 and 0.736, respectively. The combination of HBeAg titer 1.6 lg PEIU/mL at 24-wk predicted VR with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of 85%, 100%, 100% and 83%, respectively, and the AUROC increased to 0.923. The HBeAg level (OR = 0.37, P = 0.013) as well as its declined value (OR = 2.02, P = 0.012) at 24-wk also independently predicted HBeAg SC, with the AUROC of 0.828 and 0.814, respectively. The HBeAg titer 2.2 lg PEIU/mL at 24-wk predicted HBeAg SC with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of 88%, 98%, 88% and 98%, respectively, and the AUROC reached 0.928. CONCLUSIONThe combination of HBeAg level and its declined value at 24-wk may be used as a reference parameter to optimize NAs therapy.

Sleep quality of patients with postoperative glioma at home

BACKGROUND The sleep quality of patients with postoperative glioma at home has not been reported worldwide.In this study,the sleep quality of postoperative glioma patients at home was explored through telephone interviews.AIM To investigate the sleep quality of patients with postoperative glioma.METHODS Glioma patients who were treated and operated on at Nanjing Brain Hospital from May 2012 to August 2019 were selected as participants via convenience sampling.A total of 549 patients were recruited by telephone,and 358 of those patients responded to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).RESULTS The total PSQI score was 5.19±3.39 in all patients with postoperative glioma,which was higher than that of the normal group.There were 135 patients with poor sleep quality(PSQI>7),which accounted for 37.7%of all respondents.The scores of the seven dimensions of the PSQI were sleep latency(1.22±1.05),sleep disturbance(1.12±0.98),subjective sleep quality(1.03±0.92),habitual sleep efficiency(1.02±0.91),daytime dysfunction(0.95±0.43),sleep persistence(0.83±0.76),and use of sleeping medication(0.25±0.24).The results showed that the subjective sleep quality of the patients who underwent an operation 1-2 years ago was worse than that of the patients who underwent an operation more than 2 years ago(P<0.05).Older patients had worse sleep latency and sleep duration scores than younger patients(P<0.05).Sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction were worse in patients who received postoperative radiotherapy/chemotherapy(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The sleep quality of patients with postoperative glioma at home is worse than that of normal adults.Moreover,difficulty falling asleep and sleep disorders are common complications among these patients,and age,postoperative duration,and postoperative chemoradiotherapy could affect sleep quality.

Different therapeutic proportion of patients undergone coronary angiography in the era of development in MSCT

Objective To study the different therapeutic proportion of the patient populations undergone coronary angiography(CAG)in the era of development in multislice spiral computed tomography(MSCT).Methods Two hundred and fifty four consecutive patients(mean age 59.24±10.65),who underwent CAG at Daxing Hospital from February 2007 through October 2007,were enrolled,160 patients were male and 94 were female.By evaluating from the coronary angiogram,the patients were not diagnosed to have coronary heart disease(CHD)with less than 50%diameter stenosis of coronary artery;the patients to have CHD with more than or equal to 50%stenosis of coronary artery;the patients were performed the procedure of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with more than or equal to 70%stenosis;the patients were proposed to have coronary aortic bypass graft(CABG)surgery with left main coronary artery lesions or diffuse triple coronary artery lesions.Results In the 254 consecutive patients,59 patients(23.2%)had not been diagnosed to have CHD;195(76.8%)to have CHD,of these patients with CHD,49 patients(19.3%)were not indicated for PCI(including the patients receiving follow-up coronary angiography after stenting),81(31.9%)had been performed the procedure of stent implantation,57(22.4%)proposed to have CABG,8(3.1%)the procedure of PCI had not been successful,or had not been performed because of patients opposing to this therapy.Conclusion Multislice spiral computed tomography can be applied as a non-invasive screening tool to exclude the presence of CHD,to increase the positive proportion of the populations with CHD in all patients receiving coronary angiograhpy,to avoid the use of CAG in a subset of patients.

Analysis of Optic Coherence Tomography for Congenital Macular Retinoschisis

Purpose:To investigate the pathological characteristics of congenital macular retinoschisis by optic coherence tomography (OCT).Methods:The data of 7 cases(14 eyes) with congenital macular retinoschisis were collected.Electroretinogram (ERG),fundus fluorecein angiography (FFA) and OCT examination were performed,respectively.Results:The OCT images showed schisis cavity in all eyes.Schisis was confined to the fovea and parafovea in 2 eyes (1 patient).Schisis was involved in entire macular area in 12 eyes (6 patients).Inner nuclear layer (INL) schisis was seen in all eyes.Schisis was located at both INL and outer nuclear layer.(ONL)/outer plexiform layer (OPL) in 2 of the 14 eyes.Besides the schisis cavity,small cysts within ganglion cell layer were found in 3 eyes.The small cysts were confined to parafoveal area.The OCT images of both eyes in one patient were similar but not exactly the same or symmetrical.Conclusion:Morphology,extension and schisis location in congenital macular retinoschisis have respective diversities.

Progress on gas-solid phase photoreactor and its application in CO_(2) reduction

The burgeoning field of photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)has emerged as a remarkable promising solution to address some of the most pressing global energy and environmental issues which we face today.Researchers around the global have been striving to augment the efficiency of CO_(2)photocatalytic reduction,employing strategies that range from modifying the fundamental properties of photocatalysts to suppress the electron-hole recombination,optimizing reaction conditions to achieve the highest yield,and conceptualizing and constructing photoreactors to improve the adsorption process.Among these factors,the photoreactor plays a critical role in enhancing the overall photocatalytic efficiency.Understanding the various types of photoreactors and their operational dynamic can significantly influence the experimental design,thus guiding the data collecting and analysis.Compared to the solid-liquid phase,gas-solid phase photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)is gaining recognition for its potential advantages,such as rapid molecular diffusion rates,adjustable CO_(2)concentrations,and uniform and sufficient light exposure.Nonetheless,the currently reported gas-solid phase photoreactors are still in their infancy.In this review,we dissect the underlying mechanism of photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction and the performance evaluation criteria of photoreactors,and review the development process of gas-solid phase photoreactors.Furthermore,we explore the evolution of gas-solid phase photoreactors,elucidating their growth trajectory and future possibilities.We present a comprehensive classification of gas-solid phase photoreactors,offering a new insight into their design and functionality,summarizing their strengths and inevitable limitations.Finally,we provide a forward-looking perspective on the future developmental prospects of carbon neutrality.

Introducing B–N unit boosts photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production on metal-free g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets

Metal-free catalyst for photocatalytic production of H_(2)O_(2)is highly desirable with the long-term vision of artificial photosynthesis of solar fuel.In particular,the specific chemical bonds for selective H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis via 2e–oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)remain to be explored for understanding the forming mechanism of active sites.Herein,we report a facile doping method to introduce boron-nitrogen(B–N)bonds into the structure of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets(denoted as BCNNS)to provide significant photocatalytic activity,selectivity and stability.The theoretical calculation and experimental results reveal that the electron-deficient B–N units serving as electron acceptors improve photogenerated charge separation and transfer.The units are also proved to be superior active sites for selective O_(2)adsorption and activation,reducing the energy barrier for*OOH formation,and thereby enabling an efficient 2e–ORR pathway to H_(2)O_(2).Consequently,with only bare loss of activity during repeated cycles,the optimal H2O2 production rate by BCNNS photocatalysts reaches 1.16 mmol·L^(–1)·h^(–1)under 365 nm-monochrome light emitting diode(LED365nm)irradiation,increasing nearly 2–5 times as against the state-of-art metal-free photocatalysts.This work gives the first example of applying B–N bonds to enhance the photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production as well as unveiling the underlying reaction pathway for efficient solar-energy transformations.

Microfluidic assembly of WO_(3)/MoS_(2)Z-scheme heterojunction as tandem photocatalyst for nitrobenzene hydrogenation

Heterojunction-based photocatalyst plays an important role in the various heterogeneous catalyses.Z-scheme photocatalytic systems with two semiconductor materials are suitable for harvesting solar energy,while the advanced nanostructuring tools for the fabrication of Z-scheme heterojunction are limited.Here,WO_(3)/MoS_(2)(W/M_(0.2))heterojunction composites were constructed in a microfluidic system with enhanced assembly efficiency,and the photocatalytic performance has been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),MottSchottky(M-S)analysis and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS).In addition,in the reduction of nitrobenzene,the photogenerated hole(h^(+))oxidation of formic acid(HCOOH)provides the hydrogen source and the deposited Pd nanoparticles are enriched with photogenerated electrons for improving the transfer hydrogenation efficiency.The microfluidic-prepared tandem photocatalyst gives a meaningful guidance for the design and synthesis of heterojunction catalysts,which is promising for energy maximizing control systems.

Gastric motility functional study based on electrical bioimpedance measurements and simultaneous electrogastrography

For some time now,the research on gastric motility and function has fallen behind in the amount of research on gastric endocrine,exocrine secretion,and gastric morphology.In this paper,a noninvasive method to study gastric motility was developed,taking bioimpedance measurements over the gastric area simultaneously with the electrogastrography(EGG).This is based on the concept of observing and analyzing simultaneously the intrinsic electrical gastric activity(basic electric rhythm) and the mechanical gastric activity.Additionally,preliminary clinical studies of healthy subjects and subjects with functional dyspepsia(FD) and gastritis were carried out.The impedance gastric motility(IGM) measurements of the healthy and FD subjects were compared,along with the studies of the FD subjects before treatment and after one week and three weeks of treatment.We also compared IGM measurements of healthy subjects and subjects with erosive gastritis,along with the studies of the subjects with erosive gastritis before treatment and after one week of treatment.Results show that FD subjects have poor gastric motility(P<0.01).After a week of treatment,the gastric motility of FD subjects was not yet improved although the EGG had returned to normal by this time.By three weeks of treatment,the regular IGM rhythm returned in FD subjects.There was a significant difference of IGM parameters between the gastritis and healthy subjects(P<0.05).The EGG rhythm of the gastritis subjects returned to normal at one week post-treatment,while IGM parameters showed a trend to improvement(P>0.05),These results suggest the possibility of clinic application of the proposed method.

Malus-metasurface-assisted polarization multiplexing

Polarization optics plays a pivotal role in diffractive,refractive,and emerging flat optics,and has been widely employed in contemporary optical industries and daily life.Advanced polarization manipulation leads to robust control of the polarization direction of light.Nevertheless,polarization control has been studied largely independent of the phase or intensity of light.Here,we propose and experimentally validate a Malus-metasurface-assisted paradigm to enable simultaneous and independent control of the intensity and phase properties of light simply by polarization modulation.The orientation degeneracy of the classical Malus’s law implies a new degree of freedom and enables us to establish a one-to-many mapping strategy for designing anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures to engineer the Pancharatnam–Berry phase profile,while keeping the continuous intensity modulation unchanged.The proposed Malus metadevice can thus generate a near-field greyscale pattern,and project an independent far-field holographic image using an ultrathin and single-sized metasurface.This concept opens up distinct dimensions for conventional polarization optics,which allows one to merge the functionality of phase manipulation into an amplitudemanipulation-assisted optical component to form a multifunctional nano-optical device without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures.It can empower advanced applications in information multiplexing and encryption,anti-counterfeiting,dual-channel display for virtual/augmented reality,and many other related fields.

Novel functional food from an invasive species Polygonum cuspidatum:safety evaluation,chemical composition,and hepatoprotective effects

Accidentally,we found that the shoots of Polygonum cuspidatum(SPC)have been consumed for centuries as a traditional vegetable in the Shennongjia region of China.Local residents believe that SPC has biological effects such as antibacterial,anti-aging,and antioxidant.To provide scientific support for the use of SPC as a functional food,SPC was evaluated in terms of safety,chemical composition,and antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro.In the first,SPC exhibited no adverse cytotoxic effects or acute toxicity in mice.Then the chemical composition of SPC was determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS).Twenty-two compounds were identified from the SPC extracts,including phenolic,flavonoid,stilbene,and anthra-quinone.Finally,an acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress model in mice showed hepatoprotective effects.In brief,our study indicated that SPC is a safe,multifunctional food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.Importantly,the consumption of SPC as a functional food provides a novel strategy for the efficient utilization of the invasive plant.

A secretory phospholipase A2 of a fungal pathogen contributes to lipid droplet homeostasis,assimilation of insect-derived lipids,and repression of host immune responses

Secretory phospholipase A2s(sPLA2s)are found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to higher plants and animals and are involved in varied and cellular pro-cesses.However,roles of these enzymes in microbial pathogens remain unclear.Here,an sPLA2(BbPLA2)was characterized in the filamentous insect pathogenic fungus,Beau-veria bassiana.BbPLA2was exclusively expressed in insect hemolymph-derived cells(hyphal bodies),and its expression was induced by insect-derived nutrients and lipids,and nutrient starvation.High levels of secretion of BbPLA2 were observed as well as its distri-bution in hyphal body lipid drops(LDs).Overexpression of BbPLA2 increased the ability of B.bassiana to utilize insect-derived nutrients and lipids,and promoted LD accumula-tion,indicating functions for BbPLA2 in mediating LD homeostasis and assimilation of insect-derived lipids.Strains overexpressing BbPLA2 showed moderately increased vir-ulence,including more efficient penetration of the insect cuticle and evasion of host im-mune responses as compared to the wild type strain.In addition,B.bassiana-activated host immune genes were downregulated in the BbPLA2 overexpression strain,but upregulated by infections with a△BbPLA2 strain.These data demonstrate that BbPLA2 contributes to LD homeostasis,assimilation of insect-derived lipids,and repression of host immune responses.

The Spinal-Parabrachial-Mesencephalic Circuit: A Possible Explanation of How Pain Leads to Emotional Disorders

The ability to feel pain isessential for sensing the everchanging environment for potential danger,and thus,is important for the survival of an organism.Howevero in 10 adults experiences chronic pain,which is one of the major causes of human suffering and is often associated with emotional distress such as depression,anxiety,and reduced motivation[1].These negative affective componentsofpain not only augment the perceptionof pain,but also,reduce the success rate of pain treatment in the clinic.So,how does chronic pain lead to these psychological effects?