Influence of Li^(+)/Al^(3+) on the corrosion behavior of Li-Al layered double hydroxides(LDHs) film on LA51 magnesium alloys

A hierarchical superhydrophobic Al-Li layered double hydroxide(LDH)films with different Li^(+)/Al^(3+)molar ratios of 1:1,1:2,2:1,p H value of 11.5 and reaction temperature of 125°C,have been fabricated on the surface of Mg-5Li-1Al(LA51)alloys by hydrothermal method following the characteristics of controllable cation structure and exchangeable anion between layers.The properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).XRD and SEM results indicate that the Al-Li LDH films are successfully prepared on LA51 alloys.The contact angle(CA)was measured to be about100.7°,indicating that the surface wettability of the film converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by surface modification.The corrosion resistance of Al-Li LDH films was evaluated by Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Surprisingly,Tafel polarization curve and EIS test reveal that the Al-Li LDH films prepared at the molar ratio of Li^(+)/Al^(3+)1:2,p H 11.5 and temperature125°C have better corrosion resistance in 0.1 M Na Cl neutral solution.In addition,the formation mechanism and corrosion mechanism of the films on the surface of LA51 alloy are also proposed.It provides innovative synthetic materials and novel design ideas for the preparation of high-efficiency anti-corrosion coatings on LA51 alloys,whose application can be extended in industrial fields.

The pseudocapacitance mechanism of graphene/CoAl LDH and its derivatives:Are all the modifications beneficial?

Cobalt-Aluminum layered double hydroxide(CoAl LDH) is a hopeful electrode material due to the advantage of easy modifiability for preparing LDH-based derivatives.However,there is short of modification methods to prepare the Co-based derivatives from CoAl LDH and also short of an intuitive perspective to analyze the pseudocapacitance mechanism of CoAl LDH and its derivatives.Herein,Graphene/CoAl LDH and its derivatives including Graphene/CoS,Graphene/CoS-1,Graphene/CoOOH,Graphene/CoP were prepared by reasonably using alkali etching treatment,sulfofication and phosphorization.The specific capacitance of Graphene/CoAl LDH,Graphene/CoS,Graphene/CoS-1,Graphene/CoOOH,Graphene/CoP at1 A g^(-1) are 260.7,371.3,440.8,61.4 and 122.2 F g^(-1),especially.The pseudocapacitance mechanism of Graphene/CoAl LDH and its derivatives was analyzed.Due to the positive effect of sulfofication on the electrical conductivity of GO and cobalt sulfide,the Graphene/CoS and Graphene/CoS-1 exhibit the optimal electrochemical performance and superior rate capability.In addition,due to the repulsion effect between Graphene and OH-,the Graphene/CoAl LDH exhibits optimal cycling stability of 224.1% capacitance retention after 20000 cycles.Besides,the reason of terrible specific capacitance of Graphene/CoOOH is that the presence of H bond in interlayer of CoOOH inhibits the interaction between Co3+ and OHspecies.Hence,not all modifications will increase the specific capacitance of the electrode materials.Overall,this work provides us with a detailed analysis of the electrochemical mechanism and correlation of CoAl LDH and its derivatives from the perspective of crystal structure and composition.

Compulsive malposition of birnessite slab in 2D-Parallel birnessite on β-MnO_(2) networks for enhanced pseudocapacitance performances

High electrochemically active bimessite is always desirable pseudocapacitive material for supercapacitor.Here,two-dimensional(2D)compulsive malposition parallel bimessite standing on β-MnO_(2) interconnected networks have been designed.Due to the retrition of β-MnO_(2),compulsi ve malposition,slippage of MnO6 slab,occured in bimessite resulting in weaken bi nding force between bimessi te slab and interlayer cations,which enhanced their electrochemical performances.Additionally,the electrical conductivity of the structure was largely promoted by the 2D charge transfer route and double-exchange mechanism in bimessite,also leading to desirable electro-chemical properties.Based on the fraction of as-prepared nanostructure,the par all bimessite exhibited good pseudocapacitance performance(660 F g^(-1))with high rate capability.In addition,the asymmetrice supercapacitor assembled by reduced graphene oxide(RGO)and as-prepared nanostructure,which respectively served as the negative and positive eletrode,delivered an energy density of 33.1 Wh kg^(-1) and a mad mum power density of 64.0 kW kg^(-1) with excellent cyeling stability(95.8% after 10000 cycles).Finally,the study opens new avenwes for synthesizing high eletrochemically actiwe bimessite structure for high-performance energy storage devices.

Cyclin-dependent kinases-based synthetic lethality: Evidence, concept, and strategy

Synthetic lethality is a proven effective antitumor strategy that has attracted great attention.Large-scale screening has revealed many synthetic lethal genetic phenotypes,and relevant smallmolecule drugs have also been implemented in clinical practice.Increasing evidence suggests that CDKs,constituting a kinase family predominantly involved in cell cycle control,are synthetic lethal factors when combined with certain oncogenes,such as MFC,TP53,and RAS,which facilitate numerous antitumor treatment options based on CDK-related synthetic lethality.In this review,we focus on the synthetic lethal phenotype and mechanism related to CDKs and summarize the preclinical and clinical discoveries of CDK inhibitors to explore the prospect of CDK inhibitors as antitumor compounds for strategic synthesis lethality in the future.

Protective effect of baicalin on experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension through inhibition of pulmonary vascular remodeling

Previous studies have shown that baicalin can attenuate pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.However,the potential mechanism remains unexplored.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathway play an important role in monocrotaline(MCT)induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Therefore,we aimed to observe the regulation of baicalin on the NF-κB-BMP axis and the subsequent anti-proliferation in pulmonary vascular.Our results showed that baicalin could significantly decrease right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP)and the RV/left ventricle plus septum ratio(P<0.05),and attenuate vascular remodeling.Furthermore,the result of westen blot showed that the protein expression level of BMP receptor 2(BMPR2)was significantly increased,while NF-κB p65,p-NF-κB p65,inhibitor of NF-κB(I-κBα)and the BMP antagonist,gremlin 1 were significantly down-regulated in the baicalin group(P<0.05).On the other hand,the result of immunohistochemical staining in lung showed that the capillary density of pulmonary arterioles significantly increased in the baicalin group compared with the MCT group(P<0.05).We concluded that baicalin exerted the protective effects against the lung and heart damage through inhibiting NF-κB-BMP signaling pathway,providing new mechanistic information about PAH and right ventricular hypertrophy.

A positive feedback regulation of SnRK1 signaling by autophagy in plants

SnRK1,an evolutionarily conserved heterotrimeric kinase complex that acts as a key metabolic sensor in maintaining energy homeostasis in plants,is an important upstream activator of autophagy that serves as a cellular degradation mechanism for the healthy growth of plants.However,whether and how the autophagy pathway is involved in regulating SnRK1 activity remains unknown.In this study,we identified a clade of plant-specific and mitochondria-localized Fcs-like zinc finger(FLZ)proteins as currently unknown ATG8-interacting partners that actively inhibit SnRK1 signaling by repressing the T-loop phosphorylation of the catalyticαsubunits of SnRK1,thereby negatively modulating autophagy and plant tolerance to energy deprivation caused by long-term carbon starvation.Interestingly,these AtFLZs are transcriptionally repressed by low-energy stress,and AtFLZ proteins undergo a selective autophagy-dependent pathway to be delivered to the vacuole for degradation,thereby constituting a positive feedback regulation to relieve their repression of SnRK1 signaling.Bioinformatic analyses show that the ATG8-FLZ-SnRK1 regulatory axis first appears in gymnosperms and seems to be highly conserved during the evolution of seed plants.Consistent with this,depletion of ATG8-interacting ZmFLZ14 confers enhanced tolerance,whereas overexpression of ZmFLZ14 leads to reduced tolerance to energy deprivation in maize.Collectively,our study reveals a previously unknown mechanism by which autophagy contributes to the positive feedback regulation of SnRK1 signaling,thereby enabling plants to better adapt to stressful environments.

Advances to Stabilize Photoactive Phase of FAPbI_(3)Perovskite

Recently,hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials have drawn widespread attention because of their outstanding optoelectrical properties(i.e.,high absorption coefficient,long carrier diffusion distance),hence they are suitable light-absorbing materials for photovoltaic application.Among all perovskite materials,formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI3)based solar cells exhibit impressive power conversion efficiency(PCE)at laboratory stage,showing great potential to compete with silicon-based solar cell.However,FAPbI3 still suffers from poor phase stability which is the prior problem that needs to be addressed before its further commercialization.To be precise,the photoactive phase(αphase)is thermodynamically metastable at room temperature,which not only makesαphase tend to transform into photoinactive phase(δphase),but also causes competitive crystallization between two phases during the film preparation process,making it hard to fabricate pureα-FAPbI3 films.In our review,we summarized key factors that are vital for obtaining high-quality FAPbI3 perovskite thin films and enhancing the stability of FAPbI3 photoactive phase.First of all,precursor solution stability is of great importance since the conditions of precursor solution determine the nucleation and crystal growth process of perovskite.By introducing coordinating additives,using FAPbI3 single crystal as raw material or applying co-solution strategy,the impurities formed by side reaction during precursor solution aging can be effectively suppressed,thus the stability of FAPbI3 solution can be greatly prolonged.Second,the crystallization kinetics of FAPbI3 have been systematically manipulated to obtain dense and large grain size perovskite films.Through introducing intermediate phase,regulating the surface energy,and retarding the crystal growth of FAPbI3 in crystallization process,not only films without pinholes and fewer grain boundaries can be obtained,the pre-formedδphase at room temperature can also be well-suppressed,thus high-qualityα-FAPbI3 films can be obtained.Third,how to thermodynamically enhance the phase stability of acquired FAPbI3 film has been extensively studied.The Gibbs free energy of FAPbI3 photoactive phase can be reduced through composition engineering,dimension engineering and external additives engineering,hence the phase transition barrier fromαphase toδphase has been significantly improved,which further enhance the phase stability ofα-FAPbI3.Lastly,we pointed out challenges of each method and proposed potential applications of mentioned strategies on improving the stability of all kinds of perovskite materials,thus further boost the commercialization of perovskite solar cell devices.

建设整体性国家监管体系--政府、社会、市场的有效协同

如何建立有效的国家监管体系,是我国国家治理现代化建设需要面对的重要问题。鉴于监管问题日趋复杂,当前我国的国家监管体系应当从单一性政府监管体系向整体性国家监管体系转变。整体性国家监管体系由政府监管、社会监管和市场监管共同构成。建立有效的整体性国家监管体系,需要做到三点:一是优化上下、左右、内外协同的有效政府监管体系,增强政府监管的现代化、法治化、专业化和智能化,提高政府监管能力;二是培育强大的社会监管体系,鼓励各种社会力量和个体的有效参与,提高社会监管能力:三是发展市场监管体系,完善市场机制,建立市场化监管组织,提高市场监管能力。当然,必须明确监管有效并不代表社会有效,应以社会有效来衡量监管有效。

ABI5–FLZ13 module transcriptionally represses growth-related genes to delay seed germination in response to ABA

The bZIP transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5(ABI5)is a master regulator of seed germination and post-germinative growth in response to abscisic acid(ABA),but the detailed molecularmechanism by which it represses plant growth remains unclear.In this study,we used proximity labeling to map the neighboring proteome of ABI5 and identified FCS-LIKE ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 13(FLZ13)as a novel ABI5 interaction partner.Phenotypic analysis of flz13 mutants and FLZ13-overexpressing lines demonstrated that FLZ13 acts as a positive regulator of ABA signaling.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both FLZ13 and ABI5 downregulate the expression of ABA-repressed and growth-related genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis,photosynthesis,and cell wall organization,thereby repressing seed germination and seedling establishment in response to ABA.Further genetic analysis showed that FLZ13 and ABI5 function together to regulate seed germination.Collectively,our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized transcriptional regulatorymechanismby which ABA mediates inhibition of seed germination and seedling establishment.

Developmental Exposure to Bisphenol A Degrades Auditory Cortical Processing in Rats

Developmental exposure to bisphenol A(BPA),an endocrine-disrupting contaminant,impairs cognitive function in both animals and humans.However,whether BPA affects the development of primary sensory systems,which are the first to mature in the cortex,remains largely unclear.Using the rat as a model,we aimed to record the physiological and structural changes in the primary auditory cortex(A1)following lactational BPA exposure and their possible effects on behavioral outcomes.We found that BPA-exposed rats showed significant behavioral impairments when performing a sound temporal rate discrimination test.A significant alteration in spectral and temporal processing was also recorded in their A1,manifested as degraded frequency selectivity and diminished stimulus rate-following by neurons.These post-exposure effects were accompanied by changes in the density and maturity of dendritic spines in A1.Our findings demonstrated developmental impacts of BPA on auditory cortical processing and auditory-related discrimination,particularly in the temporal domain.Thus,the health implications for humans associated with early exposure to endocrine disruptors such as BPA merit more careful examination.