囊腔型肺腺癌临床多特征分析及浸润性风险预测模型的构建

背景与目的囊腔型肺癌作为一种特殊类型的肺癌逐步得到人们的关注,其最常见的病理类型为腺癌。囊腔型肺腺癌的浸润性对诊疗方案的选择和预后至关重要。本研究旨在分析囊腔型肺腺癌临床多特征,探讨其浸润性的独立危险因素并建立风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年7月于南京医科大学第一附属医院胸外科行手术治疗的129例囊腔型肺腺癌患者,根据病理结果分成浸润前组:非典型腺瘤样增生(atypical adenomatous hyperplasia,AAH)、原位腺癌(adenocarcinoma in situ,AIS)、微浸润型腺癌(minimally invasive adenocarcinoma,MIA)与浸润组:浸润性腺癌(invasive adenocarcinoma,IAC)。其中浸润前组47例,男性19例,女性28例,平均年龄(51.23±14.96)岁;浸润组82例,男性60例,女性22例,平均年龄(61.27±11.74)岁。收集两组病例多组临床特征,采用单因素分析、LASSO回归、多因素Logistic回归分析得出囊腔型肺腺癌浸润性的独立危险因素,建立浸润性风险预测模型。结果单因素分析显示年龄、性别、吸烟史、肺气肿、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、囊腔数、病灶直径、囊腔直径、结节直径、实性成分直径、囊壁结节、囊壁光滑程度、囊腔形状、分叶征、短毛刺征、胸膜牵拉、血管穿行与支气管穿行在囊腔型肺腺癌浸润前组与浸润组间存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。上述变量经LASSO回归降维处理,进一步筛选出的变量包括:年龄、性别、吸烟史、NSE、囊腔数、病灶直径、囊腔直径、囊壁结节、囊壁光滑程度与分叶征,并纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,发现囊壁结节(P=0.035)与分叶征(P=0.001)是囊腔型肺腺癌浸润性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。建立预测模型如下:P=e^x/(1+e^x),x=-7.927+1.476*囊壁结节+2.407*分叶征,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.950。结论囊壁结节及分叶征为囊腔型肺腺癌浸润性的独立危险因素,对囊腔型肺腺癌的浸润性预测具有一定的指导意义。

与蝠永相伴

蝙蝠以大毒王闻名于世,却是人类实实在在的良师益友。它具有控制害虫、种子传播、植物授粉等不可或缺的生态作用和巨大的经济价值,且在健康长寿、生物仿生等方面具备重要的研究意义。作为唯一会飞行的哺乳动物,人们对它的观察与研究从未停止。蝙蝠声纳系统的发现见证了人类探求真理的曲折历程和顽强精神。蝙蝠拥有“心眼”这样的超能力,人类依据其回声定位和形体结构制造出蝙蝠机器人,未来应用及发展前景非常广阔。蝙蝠还是中国福文化的代表,值得我们永远颂扬。论文讲述了蝙蝠的优缺点、身体结构、生活习性和夜视能力以及蝙蝠机器人的相关知识,旨在引领学生全面辩证地看待蝙蝠的问题,培养学生的思辨意识和能力,体会仿生学的奥妙,传承中华传统福文化思想精髓,树立人与自然和谐共生的发展观。

“一带一路”社交媒体传播网络的十年变化:内外差别与国际融通

社交媒体是“一带一路”传播的重要渠道,也是提升中国国际传播能力的重要内容。本研究采用社会网络分析和对比分析法,选取微博和推特上“一带一路”议题下最活跃的100位用户,建立了两个社会关系网络,从宏观网络结构、核心边缘结构和节点中心性三方面探究“一带一路”议题在国内外社交媒体上的传播网络特征,并进行历时性的对比分析。研究发现,在内外对比中,微博的社会网络密度和凝聚力不及推特,但主流媒体在微博上的权威性和影响力远大于在推特上的;在历时对比中,微博的社会网络强度较3年前有所弱化,推特上中国声音的影响力变强了,但主流媒体的表现依旧较弱。进一步的分析发现,“一带一路”议题在社交媒体传播方面国内外的流动性较差。如何更好地发挥主流媒体的作用,如何利用好横跨中外社交媒体的“融通者”的作用,是扩大“一带一路”传播,也是提高我国国际传播能力的有效方式。

电化学谱学表征方法的应用与发展

经历两个多世纪的发展,电化学表征方法的理论和实验研究不断完善,在表界面精细结构表征、电化学反应机理研究等方面起到重要作用。电化学谱学表征技术的出现,填补了传统电化学表征方法在分子水平上鉴定电化学反应活性位点及中间物种的空白。本文总结了近年来红外光谱(IR)、表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)及和频振动光谱(SFG)三种经典分子振动光谱电化学表征技术的研究进展。首先介绍了三种光谱的基本原理和电化学联用电解池的设计,然后从基础电化学理论出发,介绍其在模型单晶体系及界面水机理研究中的应用,进一步重点介绍了其在锂离子电池和燃料电池领域的相关研究进展,最后展望了电化学谱学表征技术的未来发展方向。

从信号到知识——基于人工智能的医学影像裸数据诊断价值初探

Encouraging and astonishing developments have recently been achieved in image-based diagnostic technology.Modern medical care and imaging technology are becoming increasingly inseparable.However,the current diagnosis pattern of signal to image to knowledge inevitably leads to information distortion and noise introduction in the procedure of image reconstruction(from signal to image).Artificial intelligence(AI)technologies that can mine knowledge from vast amounts of data offer opportunities to disrupt established workflows.In this prospective study,for the first time,we develop an AI-based signal-toknowledge diagnostic scheme for lung nodule classification directly from the computed tomography(CT)raw data(the signal).We find that the raw data achieves almost comparable performance with CT,indicating that it is possible to diagnose diseases without reconstructing images.Moreover,the incorporation of raw data through three common convolutional network structures greatly improves the performance of the CT models in all cohorts(with a gain ranging from 0.01 to 0.12),demonstrating that raw data contains diagnostic information that CT does not possess.Our results break new ground and demonstrate the potential for direct signal-to-knowledge domain analysis.

原位构筑三维有序自支撑Co-N-C一体化电极并用于高效电催化氧还原反应

开发高效非贵金属氧还原反应(ORR)催化剂是降低质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)成本,实现其大规模商业化应用的关键.目前,过渡金属-氮-碳(TM-N-C)被认为是最有希望替代Pt的非贵金属催化剂.然而,尽管在半池测试中展现出较好的ORR性能,但当将其组装到PEMFC核心部件膜电极(MEA)中时,其单池性能远低于Pt/C催化剂.因此,未来需要进一步优化TM-N-C在全电池环境中的性能.本文提出了一种原位策略,成功构筑了TM-N-C三维有序一体化ORR电极.通过结合碳纸亲水处理和化学气相沉积技术,在含氧官能团修饰的碳纸(OCP)上原位构建了Co,N共掺杂碳纳米管(N-CNTs@Co)自支撑三维有序一体化电极.该独特的三维有序网络结构不仅使反应物(H_(2),O_(2)和H_(2)O)和质子(H+和e–)的传输通道处于有序状态,降低了实际工况条件下的浓差极化,还避免了催化层传统制备过程(如涂覆、喷涂和流延法)引起的催化剂活性位点团聚或包埋,从而提高了催化剂的利用率.X射线光电子能谱分析表明,优化后的一体化电极试样(N-CNTs-20@Co/OCP,其中20代表CNT生长时间为20 min)具有最高的吡啶N和石墨化N含量,而吡啶N和石墨化N被普遍认为是N掺杂碳材料在电催化ORR中的活性位点.因此,该N-CNTs-20@Co/OCP一体化电极在酸性(0.1 mol L^(‒1)HClO_(4))和碱性(0.1 mol L^(‒1)KOH)介质中均展现出与商用Pt/C(20 wt%)喷涂在CP(0.2 mgPt cm^(‒2))上制备的传统电极相当的ORR性能.密度泛函理论计算进一步揭示了其性能提升的机制:Co纳米颗粒被封装在碳纳米管内部并作为电子供体,通过电子隧穿效应,强化了N-CNTs@Co/OCP催化剂表面对氧的吸附,进而提高了电催化ORR性能.此外,封装在碳纳米管内部的Co纳米颗粒避免了与电解液的直接接触,从而显著提高了催化剂的稳定性.综上,本文不仅为基于非贵金属ORR催化剂三维有序一体化电极的构筑提供了有益的理论储备和实验技术积累,而且对于降低燃料电池成本以及推动燃料电池产业化进程提供了一定的参考.

A tectono-thermal perspective on the petroleum generation,accumulation and preservation in the southern Ordos Basin, North China

The southern Ordos Basin has excellent petroleum exploration prospects.However,the tectono-thermal history and the controls on petroleum generation,accumulation and preservation conditions in southern basin are unclear.In this study,we analyzed the present geothermal field,paleo-geothermal gradient,maturity of the hydrocarbon source rocks,uplift and cooling process and tectono-thermal evolution history.In the study area,for the Ordovician,Permain and the Triassic strata,the present temperature is low(3070℃)in the southeastern area but high(80140℃)in the northwestern area.The paleogeothermal gradient varied from 24℃/km to 30℃/km with a heat flow of 58—69 m W/m^(2)(i.e.,a medium-temperature basin).The paleo-temperatures are higher than the present temperatures and the maximum paleo-temperatures controlled the thermal maturity of the source rocks.The vitrinite reflectance(Ro)values of the Triassic strata are>0.7%and the thermal maturity reached the middlemature oil generation stage.The Rovalues of the Permian-Ordovician strata are>1.8%and the thermal maturity reached the over-mature gas generation stage.The southern Ordos Basin has experienced the multiple tectonic events at the Late Ordovician Caledonian(452 Ma),Late Triassic(215 Ma),Late Jurassic(165160 Ma),End-Early Cretaceous(110100 Ma)and Cenozoic(since 40 Ma).A large-scale tectonothermal event occurred at the End-Early Cretaceous(110100 Ma),which was controlled by lithospheric extension,destruction and thinning.This event led to the highest paleo-temperatures and thermal maturities and coeval with the peak period of petroleum generation and accumulation.The southern Ordos Basin has undergone rapid and large-scale uplift since the Late Cretaceous due to expansion of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,uplift of the Qinling orogenic belt and thrust faulting in the Liupanshan tectonic belt.The southern Ordos Basin experienced tectonic overprinting that was strong in the south and weak in the north.The strongest overprinting occurred in the southwestern part of the basin.The large-scale uplift,denudation and faulting led to oil and gas loss from reservoirs.The petroleum generation,accumulation and preservation in the southern Ordos Basin were affected by deep lithospheric structures and the tectono-thermal evolution.This work provides a novel tectono-thermal perspective on the petroleum generation,accumulation and preservation condition of the southern Ordos Basin.

Interphase migration and enrichment of lead and zinc during copper slag depletion

An interphase migration and enrichment model of lead and zinc during molten copper slag depletion was established.The occurrence of various components in copper slag was predicted using sulfur-oxygen potential calculations and confirmed through high-temperature experiments.The recovery rate of copper can reach 90.13%under the optimal conditions of 1200°C,an iron to silicon mass ratio of 1.0,3 wt.%ferrous sulfide,and a duration of 45 min.Lead(54.07 wt.%)and zinc(17.42 wt.%)are found in the flue dust as lead sulfate,lead sulfide,and zinc oxide,while copper matte contains lead(14.44 wt.%)and zinc sulfide(1.29 wt.%).The remaining lead and zinc are encapsulated as oxides within the fayalite phase.

Variable Stars in the 50BiN Open Cluster Survey.Ⅲ.NGC 884

Open clusters are the basic building blocks that serve as a laboratory for the study of young stellar populations in the Milky Way.Variable stars in open clusters provide a unique way to accurately probe the internal structure,temporal and dynamical evolutionary stages of individual stars and the host cluster.The most powerful tool for such studies is time-domain photometric observations.This paper follows the route of our previous work,concentrating on a photometric search for variable stars in NGC 884.The target cluster is the companion of NGC869,forming the well-known double cluster system that is gravitationally bound.From the observation run in 2016 November,a total of 9247 B-band CCD images and 8218Ⅴ-band CCD images were obtained.We detected a total of 15 stars with variability in visual brightness,including five Be stars,three eclipsing binaries,and seven of unknown types.Two new variable stars were discovered in this work.We also compared the variable star content of NGC 884 with its companion NGC 869.

Combination of Nitrogen-Rich Skeleton and Coordination Group:Synthesis of a High-Energy Primary Explosive Based on 1H-Tetrazole-5-Carbohydrazide

The high energy coordination compounds Cu(TZCA)_(2)(ClO_(4))_(2)(ECCs-1) was prepared by 1H-tetrazole-5-carbohydrazide(TZCA) with a high energy skeleton and a strong coordination ability group.At the same time,the reaction activity of the ligand was explored,and the single crystal structure of it and intermediate were obtained.The structures of all substances were characterized by IR and EA.And the structure and composition of ECCs-1 are confirmed by ESP,AC,SEM and ICP-OES.Physical and chemical properties tests show that ECCs-1 has an acceptable thermal stability(T_(d)=177℃) and extremely sensitive mechanical stimulation(IS=1 J,FS=5 N).The comprehensive performance test results show that ECCs-1 has excellent initiation ability.In addition,the decomposition mechanism of ECCs-1 is explored from two aspects of experiment and theoretical calculation.

In-situ AFM and quasi-in-situ studies for localized corrosion in Mg-9Al-1Fe-(Gd) alloys under 3.5 wt.% NaCl environment

Revealing the localized corrosion process of Mg alloy is considered as one of the most significant ways for improving its corrosion resistance.The reliable monitor should be high distinguishability and real-time in liquid environment.Herein,Mg-9Al-1Fe and Mg-9Al-1Fe-1Gd alloys were designed to highlight the impact of intermetallic on the corrosion behaviour.In-situ AFM with a special electrolyte circulation system and quasi-in-situ SEM observation were used to monitor the corrosion process of the designed alloys.SEM-EDS and TEM-SAED were applied to identify the intermetallic in the designed alloys,and their volta potentials were measured by SKPFM.According to the real-time and real-space in-situ AFM monitor,the corrosion process consisted of dissolution of anodicα-Mg phase,accumulation of corrosion products around cathodic phase and shedding of some fine cathodic phase.Then,the localized corrosion process of Mg alloy was revealed combined with the results of the monitor of corrosion process and Volta potential difference.

A multichannel thermal bubble-actuated impedance flow cytometer with on-chip TIA based on CMOS-MEMS

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)flow cytometry offers the advantages of speed,affordability,and portability in cell analysis and cytometry applications.However,the integration challenges of microfluidic and EIS read-out circuits hinder the downsizing of cytometry devices.To address this,we developed a thermal-bubble-driven impedance flow cytometric application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC).The thermal-bubble micropump avoids external piping and equipment,enabling high-throughput designs.With a total of 36 cell counting channels,each measuring 884×220μm^(2),the chip significantly enhances the throughput of flow cytometers.Each cell counting channel incorporates a differential trans-impedance amplifier(TIA)to amplify weak biosensing signals.By eliminating the parasitic parameters created at the complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor transistor(CMOS)-micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)interface,the counting accuracy can be increased.The on-chip TIA can adjust feedback resistance from 5 to 60 kΩto accommodate solutions with different impedances.The chip effectively classifies particles of varying sizes,demonstrated by the average peak voltages of 0.0529 and 0.4510 mV for 7 and 14μm polystyrene beads,respectively.Moreover,the counting accuracies of the chip for polystyrene beads and MSTO-211H cells are both greater than 97.6%.The chip exhibits potential for impedance flow cytometer at low cost,high-throughput,and miniaturization for the application of point-of-care diagnostics.

Identification of S-RNase genotype and analysis of its origin and evolutionary patterns in Malus plants

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

New construction of mutually unbiased bases for odd-dimensional state space

We study the construction of mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert space for composite dimensions d which are not prime powers.We explore the results for composite dimensions which are true for prime power dimensions.We then provide a method for selecting mutually unbiased vectors from the eigenvectors of generalized Pauli matrices to construct mutually unbiased bases.In particular,we present four mutually unbiased bases in C^(15).

MOF-Derived Iron-Cobalt Phosphide Nanoframe as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting

Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have emerged as an alternative to precious metals as efficient and low-cost catalysts for water electrolysis.Elemental doping and morphology control are effective approaches to further improve the performance of TMPs.Herein,Fe-doped CoP nanoframes(Fe-CoP NFs)with specific open cage configuration were designed and synthesized.The unique nano-framework structured Fe-CoP material shows overpotentials of only 255 and 122 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),respectively,overwhelming most transition metal phosphides.For overall water splitting,the cell voltage is 1.65 V for Fe-CoP NFs at a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2),much superior to what is observed for the classical nanocubic structures.Fe-CoP NFs show no activity degradation up to 100 h which contrasts sharply with the rapidly decaying performance of noble metal catalyst reference.The superior electrocatalytic performance of Fe-CoP NFs due to abundant accessible active sites,reduced kinetic energy barrier,and preferable*O-containing intermediate adsorption is demonstrated through experimental observations and theoretical calculations.Our findings could provide a potential method for the preparation of multifunctional material with hollow structures and offer more hopeful prospects for obtaining efficient earth-abundant catalysts for water splitting.

Allergen degradation of bee pollen by lactic acid bacteria fermentation and its alleviatory effects on allergic reactions in BALB/c mice

Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)were used to ferment Brassica napus BP for alleviating its allergenicity.Four novel allergens(glutaredoxin,oleosin-B2,catalase and lipase)were identified with significant decreases in LAB-fermented BP(FBP)than natural BP by proteomics.Meanwhile,metabolomics analysis showed significant increases of 28 characteristic oligopeptides and amino acids in FBP versus BP,indicating the degradation of LAB on allergens.Moreover,FBP showed alleviatory effects in BALB/c mice,which relieved pathological symptoms and lowered production of allergic mediators.Microbial high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that FBP could regulate gut microbiota and metabolism to strengthen immunity,which were closely correlated with the alleviation of allergic reactivity.These findings could contribute to the development and utilization of hypoallergenic BP products.

A highly sensitive ratiometric near-infrared nanosensor based on erbium-hyperdoped silicon quantum dots for iron(Ⅲ) detection

Ratiometric fluorescent detection of iron(Ⅲ)(Fe^(3+))offers inherent self-calibration and contactless analytic capabilities.However,realizing a dual-emission near-infrared(NIR)nanosensor with a low limit of detection(LOD)is rather challenging.In this work,we report the synthesis of water-dispersible erbium-hyperdoped silicon quantum dots(Si QDs:Er),which emit NIR light at the wavelengths of 810 and 1540 nm.A dual-emission NIR nanosensor based on water-dispersible Si QDs:Er enables ratiometric Fe^(3+)detection with a very low LOD(0.06μM).The effects of pH,recyclability,and the interplay between static and dynamic quenching mechanisms for Fe^(3+)detection have been systematically studied.In addition,we demonstrate that the nanosensor may be used to construct a sequential logic circuit with memory functions.

Optimizing the Diameter of Plugging Balls in Deep Shale Gas Wells

Deep shale gas reserves that have been fractured typically have many relatively close perforation holes. Due to theproximity of each fracture during the formation of the fracture network, there is significant stress interference,which results in uneven fracture propagation. It is common practice to use “balls” to temporarily plug fractureopenings in order to lessen liquid intake and achieve uniform propagation in each cluster. In this study, a diameteroptimization model is introduced for these plugging balls based on a multi-cluster fracture propagationmodel and a perforation dynamic abrasion model. This approach relies on proper consideration of the multiphasenature of the considered problem and the interaction force between the involved fluid and solid phases. Accordingly,it can take into account the behavior of the gradually changing hole diameter due to proppant continuousperforation erosion. Moreover, it can provide useful information about the fluid-dynamic behavior of the consideredsystem before and after plugging. It is shown that when the diameter of the temporary plugging ball is1.2 times that of the perforation hole, the perforation holes of each cluster can be effectively blocked.

Himalayas as a global hot spot of springtime stratospheric intrusions:Insight from isotopic signatures in sulfate aerosols

Downward transport of stratospheric air into the troposphere(identified as stratospheric intrusions)could potentially modify the radiation budget and chemical of the Earth's surface atmosphere.As the highest and largest plateau on earth,the Tibetan Plateau including the Himalayas couples to global climate,and has attracted widespread attention due to rapid warming and cryospheric shrinking.Previous studies recognized strong stratospheric intrusions in the Himalayas but are poorly understood due to limited direct evidences and the complexity of the meteorological dynamics of the third pole.Cosmogenic^(35)S is a radioactive isotope predominately produced in the lower stratosphere and has been demonstrated as a sensitive chemical tracer to detect stratospherically sourced air mass in the planetary boundary layer.Here,we report 6-month(April–September 2018)observation of^(35)S in atmospheric sulfate aerosols(^(35)SO_(4)^(2-))collected from a remote site in the Himalayas to reveal the stratospheric intrusion phenomenon as well as its potential impacts in this region.Throughout the sampling campaign,the^(35)SO_(4)^(2-)concentrations show an average of 1,070±980 atoms/m^(3).In springtime,the average is 1,620±730 atoms/m^(3),significantly higher than the global existing data measured so far.The significant enrichments of^(35)SO_(4)^(2-)measured in this study verified the hypothesis that the Himalayas is a global hot spot of stratospheric intrusions,especially during the springtime as a consequence of its unique geology and atmospheric couplings.In combined with the ancillary evidences,e.g.,oxygen-17 anomaly in sulfate and modeling results,we found that the stratospheric intrusions have a profound impact on the surface ozone concentrations over the study region,and potentially have the ability to constrain how the mechanisms of sulfate oxidation are affected by a change in plateau atmospheric properties and conditions.This study provides new observational constraints on stratospheric intrusions in the Himalayas,which would further provide additional information for a deeper understanding on the environment and climatic changes over the Tibetan Plateau.

Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid regulates tissue inflammation and apoptosis in mice with influenza virus pneumonia

Background:The influenza A virus is the primary cause of respiratory infections and poses a global health risk.Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid(PDL)exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.PDL is commonly employed in clinical practice to manage upper respiratory tract infections.However,there is still much to uncover regarding its potential therapeutic mechanism.Methods:Institute of cancer research mice were infected with influenza A virus via nasal drip.The general state of the mice,lung index,and lung index inhibition rate were used to evaluate the efficacy of PDL.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,western blotting,and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the presence of proteins and cytokines in the lung tissue.Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay.Results:PDL improved the mental state of influenza A virus-infected mice,reduced the lung index,and inhibited viral replication.The expression of interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-αwere decreased,whereas the expression of interleukin-10 in the lung tissue was increased due to PDL treatment.In addition,PDL treatment modulated Toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 expressions in the lung tissues.PDL significantly reduced apoptosis and decreased cleaved caspase-3 and PARP levels,whereas increased B-cell lymphoma-2 expression in the lung tissue.Notably,the moderate-dose group of PDL exhibited a more pronounced effect.These findings indicate that PDL exerts a protective effect against pneumonia injury in influenza A virus-infected mice.Conclusion:PDL inhibited the inflammatory response and regulated apoptosis by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 protein expressions,thereby protecting the lung tissue from viral infection-induced lung tissue injury.