Prediction of subsurface settlement induced by shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum

This study focuses on the analytical prediction of subsurface settlement induced by shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum considering the volumetric deformation modes of the soil above the tunnel crown.A series of numerical analyses is performed to examine the effects of cover depth ratio(C/D),tunnel volume loss rate(h t)and volumetric block proportion(VBP)on the characteristics of subsurface settle-ment trough and soil volume loss.Considering the ground loss variation with depth,three modes are deduced from the volumetric deformation responses of the soil above the tunnel crown.Then,analytical solutions to predict subsurface settlement for each mode are presented using stochastic medium theory.The influences of C/D,h t and VBP on the key parameters(i.e.B and N)in the analytical expressions are discussed to determine the fitting formulae of B and N.Finally,the proposed analytical solutions are validated by the comparisons with the results of model test and numerical simulation.Results show that the fitting formulae provide a convenient and reliable way to evaluate the key parameters.Besides,the analytical solutions are reasonable and available in predicting the subsurface settlement induced by shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum.

Association of plasma vitamin A level with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a community aging population-based cross-sectional study

Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM.A total of 1818 subjects aged 50 years old and above were recruited from the community.Binomial logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)were applied to analyze the association of plasma VA level with the risk of T2DM.Serum VA and lipid-adjusted VA levels of T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of non-T2DM subjects(P<0.05).The ratios of plasma VA/total cholesterol(TC),VA/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)and VA/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in the aging population(P<0.05).Compared with the Q1 level,subjects with Q2 to Q3 levels of plasma VA/triglyceride(TG)have decreased risk of T2DM(odds ratio(OR)Q2=0.68,P_(Q2)=0.021;ORQ3=0.59,P_(Q3)<0.01).Our results indicated that the imbalance of circulating lipids and VA might affect the relationship between VA and T2DM.The middle and aging subjects with higher ratios of plasma VA/TC,VA/HDL-c,and VA/LDL-c displayed increased risk for T2DM,but the moderate ratio of VA/TG might protect against risk of T2DM.

Assessing the Metal Recovery Value of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues: Impact of Pretreatment on Fly Ash and Bottom Ash

This paper focuses on evaluating the metal recovery potential of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) residues, with particular emphasis on the influence of pretreatment methods on MSWI fly ash and bottom ash. We assess the effectiveness of these pretreatments in enhancing the concentration of valuable metals and compare the metal content before and after treatment. Our findings reveal that water washing significantly enhances fly ash’s zinc and copper content, surpassing the minimum industrial-grade requirements. Mechanical sieving is an efficient pretreatment method for bottom ash, with the zinc concentration inversely related to particle size. Additionally, copper content peaks in the 1 - 2 mm particle size range for both bottom ash samples. These results provide valuable insights into the potential for metal recovery from MSWI residues. They hold significance for relevant research, engineering practices, and policy formulation.

Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Varunidae and its phylogenetic implications

Complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)can indicate phylogenetic relationships,as well as useful information for gene rearrangement mechanisms and molecular evolution.Currently,the phylogenetic location of the genus Varuna(Brachyura:Varunidae)has not been well resolved mainly because of limited representatives(only two extant species).Here,we determined a new mitogenome of this genus(Varuna litterata)and added the published mitogenomes to reconstruct the phylogeny of Varunidae.The 16368-bp mitogenome contains the entire set of 37 genes and a putative control region.The characteristics of this newly sequenced mitogenome were described and compared with the other 15 Varunidae mitogenomes.All 16 analyzed mitogenomes have identical gene order and similar molecular features.The sliding window and genetic distance analyses demonstrate highly variable nucleotide diversity,with comparatively low variability of COI and COII,and high variability of ND6.The nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rates(dN/dS ratio)analysis shows that all 13 PCGs are under purifying selection and ATP8 gene evolves under the least selective pressure.Twelve tRNA genes,two rRNAs,one PCG,and the putative control region are found to be rearranged with respect to the pancrustacean ground pattern gene order.Tandem duplication/random loss model is adopted to explain the large-scale gene rearrangement events occurring in Varunidae mitogenomes.Phylogenetic analyses show that all Varunidae species are placed into one group,and form a sister clade with Macrophthalmidae.Nevertheless,the phylogenetic relationships within Varunidae are not completely consistent based on the two different datasets used in this study.These findings will contribute to a better understanding of gene rearrangement and molecular evolution in Varunidae mitogenomes,as well as provide insights into the phylogenetic studies of Brachyura.

The effect of the ratio of standardized ileal digestible lysine to metabolizable energy on growth performance,blood metabolites and hormones of lactating sows

A total of 335 lactating sows （Landrace x Large White） were used in two experiments to determine the optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible lysine （SID-Lys） to metabolizable energy （ME） for mixed parity sows during lactation. In Exp. 1, 185 sows （weighing an average of 256.2 ± 6.5 kg and having an average parity of 3.4 ± 0.3） were allocated to one of six experimental diets in a completely randomized block design within parity groups （1, 2, and 3＋）. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 3.06, 3.16, 3.20, 3.25, 3.30 or 3.40 Mcal/kg of ME and each diet was fed to the sows throughout a 28 day lactation. All diets provided a similar SID-lysine level （0.86%）. As a result, the diets provided a SID-Lys：ME ratio of 2.81, 2.72, 2.69, 2.65, 2.61 or 2.53 g/Mcal ME. Sow feed intake was significantly （P 〈 0.01） affected by the energy content of the diet as well as by sow parity. Using regression analysis, feed intake was shown to be maximized at 3.25, 3.21, 3.21 and 3.21 Mcal/kg of ME for parity 1, 2, 3＋ sows and the entire cohort of sows respectively （quadratic; P 〈 0.01）. In addition, the result of feed intake can be expressed as 2.65, 2.69, 2.69 and 2.68 g/Mcal based on analysis of SID-Lys：ME ratio. Litter weight gain was affected by dietary treatment for parity 3＋ sows and the entire cohort （P 〈 0.01）. Based on regression analysis, litter weight gain was maximized at 3.25 and 3.24 Mcal/kg of ME for parity 3＋ （quadratic; P 〈 0.01） and the entire cohort （quadratic; P 〈 0.01）. Similarly, the result of litter weight gain could be expressed as 2.65 and 2.66 g/Mcal of SID- Lys：ME ratio. Therefore, 3.25 Mcal/kg of ME was selected for Exp. 2 in which 150 sows （weighing 254.6 ± 7.3 kg and having an average parity of 3.4 ± 0.4） were allocated to one of five treatments in a completely randomized block design within parity （1, 2, and 3＋）. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0 or 3.3 g/Mcal of SID-Lys：ME ratio with all diets providing 3.25 Mcal/kg of ME. The diets were fed to the sows throughout a 28 day lactation. Sow body weight loss was affected by dietary treatment （parity 3＋ sows, P = 0.02; entire cohort, P 〈 0.01） and by sow parity （P 〈 0.01）. Litter weight at weaning and litter weight gain were affected by dietary treatment for parity 1, 2, 3＋ sows and the entire cohort （P 〈 0.01） as well as by sow parity （P 〈 0.01）. Plasma urea nitrogen （P 〈 0.01）, creatinine （P 〈 0.01） and non-esterifide fatty acids （P = 0.04） were decreased as the SID-Lys：ME ratio of the diet increased. Insulin-like growth factor-1 （P = 0.02）, estradiol （P 〈 0.01） and luteinizing hormone （P = 0.02） were increased as the SID-Lys：ME ratio in diet increased. Based on a broken-line model, the estimated SID-Lys： ME ratio to maximize litter weight gain was estimated to be 3.05 g/Mcal.

Relationship between hyperlipidemia and the gut microbiome of rats, characterized using high-throughput sequencing

Objective:To determine the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on the gut microbiome in rats,to explore the relationship between the intestinal flora and blood lipid profile.Methods:SpragueeDawley rats were fed an HFD for four weeks to induce hyperlipidemia,then 16S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the intestinal flora between hyperlipidemic and control diet-fed rats.Results:The microbiome of rats fed an HFD for four weeks differed from that of control diet-fed rats.Bacterial species that were less abundant were most affected by HFD feeding,among which were many pathogenic species,which became significantly more abundant.Eighteen genera were present in significantly different numbers in hyperlipidemic and control rats,more than half of which have been linked to infection and inflammation,or energy intake and obesity.The results indicated a type of stress response of the flora to a high-fat environment.In addition,the age of the rats tended to influence the gut microbial composition.Conclusion:These findings suggest that HFD may induce hyperlipidemia by affecting the gut microbial composition.Changes in the abundance of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic bacteria,and those that influence energy intake and obesity,may be important mediators of this.

Effects of the standardized ileal digestible lysine to metabolizable energy ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

A total of 2,121 growing-finishing pigs （Duroc × Landrace ×Large White） were utilized in six experiments conducted to determine the effects of different ratios of standardized ileal digestible lysine （SID-Lys） to metabolizable energy （ME） on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Exps. 1 （30 to 50 kg）, 2 （52 to 70 kg） and 3 （81 to 104 kg） were conducted to find an optimum ME level and then this level was used in Exps. 4 （29 to 47 kg）, 5 （54 to 76 kg） and 6 （84 to 109 kg） to test the response of pigs to different ratios of SID-Lys：ME. In Exps.1 to 3, four treatments were used consisting of diets with a formulated ME content of 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or 3.4 in Exps. I and 2 while Exp. 3 used 3.05, 3.1 S, 3.25 or 3.35 Mcal/kg. A constant SID-Lys：ME ratio of 2.6, 2.3 or 2.0 g/Mcal was used in Exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Weight gain was significantly increased with increasing energy level in Exp.1 while weight gain was unaltered in Exps. 2 and 3. For all three experiments, feed intake was decreased （P 〈 0.05） and feed efficiency was improved （P 〈 0.05） with increasing energy level. Tenth rib back fat thickness linearly increased （P 〈 0.05） with increasing energy level, in Exps. 4 to 6, five treatments were used consisting of diets with a SID-Lys：ME ratio of 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0 or 3.2 in Exp. 1, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.9 or 3.2 in Exp. 2 and 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, or 2.6 in Exp. 3. A constant ME level 3.2, 3.2 and 3.05 Mcal/kg was used in Exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively （selected based on the results of weight gain）. For all three experiments, weight gain increased （P 〈 0.05） and feed efficiency improved linearly （P 〈 0.05） as the SID-Lys：ME ratio increased. Tenth rib back fat thickness linearly decreased （P 〈 0.0,5） as the SID-Lys：ME ratio increased. Based on a straight broken-line model, the estimated SID-Lys：ME ratio to maximize weight gain was 3.0, 2.43 and 2.2 for 29 to 47, 54 to76 and 84 to 109 kg of pigs, respectively.

Sampled-data Observer Design for a Class of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems Based on the Approximate Discrete-time Models

In this paper,we studied the approximate sampleddata observer design for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems.Euler-Maruyama approximation was investigated in this paper because it is the basis of other higher precision numerical methods,and it preserves important structures of the nonlinear systems.Also,the form of Euler-Maruyama model is simple and easy to be calculated.The results provide a reference for sampled-data observer design method for such stochastic nonlinear systems,and may be useful to many practical control applications,such as tracking control in mechanical systems.And the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by a simulation example.

Clustering Network Topology Control Method Based on Responsibility Transmission

The topology control is an effective approach which can improve the quality of wireless sensor network at all sides. Through studying the mechanism of sensor network data transmission, the nature of data transmission in wireless sensor network is concluded as a kind of responsibility transmission. By redefining the responsibility and availability of nodes, the strategy for cluster head selection is studied, the responsibility and availability is determined by the combination of the residual energy, location and current flow of nodes. Based on the above, new clustering network topology control algorithm based on responsibility transmission CNTCABRT and hierarchical multi-hop CNTCABRT is presented in this paper, whose algorithm structure is along the famous LEACH algorithm. Experimental result demonstrates its promising performance over the famous LEACH algorithm in the cluster head selection, the size of cluster, the deployment of nodes and the lifetime of nodes, and several innovative conclusions are proposed finally.

Determination of Triclocarban, Triclosan and Methyl-Triclosan in Environmental Water by Silicon Dioxide/Polystyrene Composite Microspheres Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with HPLC-ESI-MS

This paper developed a sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and Methyl-triclosan (MTCS) determination in environmental water, which involves enrichment by using silicon dioxide/polystyrene composite microspheres solid-phase extraction and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS. The influence of several operational parameters, including the eluant and its volume, the flow rate and acidity of water sample were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 1.0 ng/L, 2.5 and 4.5 ng/L for TCC, TCS, and MTCS, respectively. The linearity of the method was observed in the range of 5-2000 ng/L, with correlation coefficients (r2) >.99. The spiked recoveries of TCC, TCS and MTCS in water sampleswereachieved in the range of 89.5% -96.8% with RSD below 5.7%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze real water samples and satisfactory results were achieved.

Effects of the Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine to Metabolizable Energy Ratio on Performance,Nutrient Digestibility,and Plasma Parameters of 10 to 28 kg Pigs

A total of 480 nursery pigs （Duroc x Landrace x Large White） were utilized in two experiments conducted to determine the effects of different ratios of standardized ileal digestible lysine （SID- Lys） to metabolizable energy （ME） ratio on the performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma urea nitrogen （PUN） ,and plasma free amino acids of 10 to 28 kg pigs. In Exp. 1, 192 pigs （ 10.58 kg） were assigned to one of four treatments. The treatments consisted of diets with a ME content of 3.2, 3.25, 3.3, or 3.35 Mcal/kg with a constant SID-Lys：ME ratio of 3.7 g/Mcal. The experiment lasted 28 days. Pigs which were fed the diets containing 3.3 and 3.35 Mcal/kg ME had lower feed intakes （ P 〈 0.05）than those fed 3.2 Mcal/kg. Feed efficiency was linearly improved with increasing dietary ME （ P 〈0.05）. Increasing the dietary ME level also increased （P 〈0.05 ） dry matter and energy digestibility. Therefore,3.3 Mcal/kg ME was selected for Exp. 2 in which 288 pigs （ 10.60 kg） were assigned to one of six treatments. Treatments consisted of SID-Lys： ME ratios of 3.1,3.3,3.5,3.7,3.9, or 4.1 g/Mcal with all diets providing 3.3 Mcal of ME/kg. Weight gain and feed efficiency were increased （P 〈0.05 ） as the SID-Lys：ME ratio in diet increased. Based on a straight broken-line model ,the estimated SID-Lys：ME ratio to maximize weight gain was 3.74.

Effect of Acid Treatment on Root Architecture in Seedlings of <i>Malus hupehensis</i>var. <i>pingyiensis</i>

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of acid treatment on root morphology and architecture in seedlings of Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis. The rootstock seedlings were cultured in 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solutions of different pH (pH 4, pH 4.5, pH 5 and pH 6), respectively. The parameters of root architecture were measured in the day 4, 8 and 12 with the professional WinRHIZO 2007. Compared with the control (pH 6), the treatments significantly decreased the fractal dimension, length, diameter, surface area and volume of roots in day 8 and 12, and they kept decreasing followed the increase of the acidity and treatment time. The growth of lateral roots was more susceptible to acid treatment than taproots. In addition, the acid treatment mainly inhibited the growth of rootlets, significantly decreased the proportion of rootlets that changed the composition of roots, and then simplified the space structure of roots.

Discussions on the Land Consolidation to Promote Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation in Binchuan County of Yunnan Province

Land consolidation is an important way to improve the conditions of agricultural production and promote poverty alleviation and development in poor areas. This paper attempts to take Binchuan County of Yunnan Province as an example to explore the main practices,typical experiences and achievements of land consolidation in promoting poverty alleviation and development,so as to provide evidence for further development of relevant policies. It is found that in recent years,through the construction of rural production and living facilities,increase of employment for farmers in poor areas,promotion of the development of special industrial area and other measures,Binchuan County has effectively used the land consolidation platform,and has made outstanding achievements in poverty alleviation and development,so as to improve agricultural production conditions,improve the level of agricultural production,increase farmers' income,speed up the pace of poverty reduction,strengthen ecological protection and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. However,there are still some problems in the land consolidation,which need to be paid attention to and solved in the struggle against poverty.

胸腔镜手术下肺小结节常见定位方法研究进展

最近,伴随着高分辨多层电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)的大量普及,肺小结节的诊断也日益增多,尤其是在伴有肺癌高危因素的患者行CT筛查时尤为明显。电视辅助胸腔镜手术对于肺小结节的诊断和治疗提供了一种全新的微创治疗方式,胸腔镜手术后给患者带来的疼痛感减少、住院时间缩短、手术并发症减少等特点,使其推广更为广泛。如何精准定位及标记病灶,以助电视胸腔镜下切除病灶的方法层出不穷。本文综述近年来胸腔镜下肺小结节定位的各种技术手段,并对各种方法的利弊进行总结及分析。

加速康复外科评价指标:病人报告结局在胸外科的临床应用现状与进展

加速康复外科临床应用的良好效果体现在降低围手术期并发症的发生率并缩短住院时间,但对围术期的患者症状管理及术后患者生活质量的关注不够高。从患者报告的资料角度评估临床疗效越来越受到重视。结合目前国内外关于病人报告结局的研究成果,本文系统论述了病人报告结局的概念内涵、研究意义及在胸外科的临床应用现状,提出借鉴国外病人报告的临床结局研究模式,开展有中国特色的结合学科特点的相关研究,并对已有的文献报告进行总结及分析。

肺癌患者围手术期振动正压呼气训练有助于加速康复吗?

背景与目的振动正压呼气(oscillatory positive expiratory pressure, OPEP)训练是一种通过正压呼气装置(acapella)进行的呼吸训练。OPEP在慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管扩张症、肺囊肿等疾病的临床价值已经得到广泛探讨,但其在肺癌手术患者围术期的应用价值尚有待探索。本研究旨在探索围术期进行振动正压呼气训练对胸腔镜肺癌患者术后并发症发生率、肺功能、生活质量的影响。方法前瞻性收集2017年9月15日-2018年1月15日四川大学华西医院胸外科单个医疗组行胸腔镜肺叶切除的原发性非小细胞癌患者69例,随机分成实验组(35例)和对照组(34例)。实验组(acapella group, AG)围手术期采用振动正压呼气训练,对照组(control group, CG)进行常规围术期处理。对比分析两组在术后并发症发生率、肺功能、生活质量方面的差异。结果术后肺部并发症和肺不张在AG(2.9%, 0.0%)显著低于CG(20.6%, 14.7%)(P=0.03, P=0.03);平均住院日和术后住院日在AG(10.86±5.64,5.09±4.55)d显著短于CG(14.41±4.58, 7.59±3.21)d(P=0.01, P=0.01);住院药物费用在AG(4,413.60±1,772.35)$显著低于CG(6,490.35±3,367.66)$(P=0.01)。出院当日第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)和呼气峰流速(peak expiratory flow, PEF)在AG[(1.50±0.32) L,(252.06±75.27) L/min]显著高于CG[(1.34±0.19) L,(216.94±49.72) L/min](P=0.03, P=0.03)。结论肺癌患者围手术期使用振动正压呼气训练有助于降低肺部并发症,同时能够加速患者康复。

The Function of miR-31 Expression in Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe complication of acute spinal injury, it can lead to axonal degeneration and necrosis of neurons, causing damage cross section below the movement, then loss of sensory, reflex and autonomous control function below the damage section. Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that transplantation of neural stem cells can help to repair spinal cord injury after spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was to research the function of miR-31 expression in differentiation of neural stem cells. Mir-31 was transfected the mimics and inhibitor into neural stem cells. By the morphological observation, the cell over expression of miR-31 was closer to NSCs. With the RT-PCR, Hb9 and STMN1 were up-regulate when miR-31 was inhibited, and Nestin was down-regulate. When miR-31 was over expression, the expression of Nestin and Hb9 was up-regulate. These findings suggest that miR-31 may play a significant role in proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cell and are potential targets for therapeutic interventions following spinal cord injury.

新疆某铁矿选矿厂破碎工艺改造应用

新疆某磁铁矿选矿厂破碎工段采用三段一闭路破碎、干磁预选工艺流程,生产过程中存在破碎系统循环负荷大的问题。为达到减少破碎循环时间、提高矿石入破量、减小入磨粒度、提高磨矿处理量和磨矿效率的目的,需要对选厂破碎流程进行优化。将原有的圆振筛筛孔增大,降低细碎循环负荷;在原有的干磁预选后增加高压辊磨合振动筛,将入磨粒度减小,多碎少磨;将高压辊系统前增加磁滚筒抛废,脉石矿物能抛早抛。此次破碎工艺流程优化后,入破量有所增加,入磨粒度变小,入磨品位得以提高,产能也获得了提升。

机器人用无框电机技术研究

针对机器人应用特点,对一种面向机器人领域的100 W级无框电机开展技术研究。以负载特性为出发点,以性能为落脚点,从设计要点、材料选取、电磁特性、热特性等角度出发,对电机进行系统优化设计。

Prevention and treatment technologies of railway tunnel water inrush and mud gushing in China

Water inrush and mud gushing are one of the biggest hazards in tunnel construction. Unfavorable geological sections can be observed in almost all railway tunnels under construction or to be constructed, and vary in extent. Furthermore, due to the different heights of mountains and the lengths of tunnels, the locations of the unfavorable geological sections cannot be fully determined before construction, which increases the risk of water inrush and mud gushing. Based on numerous cases of water inrush and mud gushing in railway tunnels, the paper tries to classify water inrush and mud gushing in railway tunnels in view of the conditions of the surrounding rocks and meteorological factors associated with tunnel excavation. In addition, the causes of water inrush and mud gushing in combination of macroand micromechanisms are summarized, and site-specifc treatment method is put forward. The treatment methods include choosing a method of advance geological forecast according to risk degrees of different sections in the tunnel, determining the items of predictions, and choosing the appropriate methods, i.e. draining-oriented method, blocking-oriented method or draining-and-blocking method. The treatment technologies of railway water inrush and mud gushing are also summarized, including energy relief and pressure relief technology, advance grouting technology, and advance jet grouting technology associated with their key technical features and applicable conditions. The results in terms of treatment methods can provide reference to the prevention and treatment of tunnel water inrush and mud gushing.