Aphids are major insect pests in agriculture and forestry worldwide.Following attacks by natural enemies,many aphids release an alarm pheromone to protect their population.In most aphids,the main component of the aphi...Aphids are major insect pests in agriculture and forestry worldwide.Following attacks by natural enemies,many aphids release an alarm pheromone to protect their population.In most aphids,the main component of the aphid alarm pheromone(AAP)is the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon(E)-β-farnesene(EβF).However,the mechanisms behind its biosynthesis and regulation remain poorly understood.In this study,we used the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi,which is an important wheat aphid,to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of EβF biosynthesis.Our results showed that EβF biosynthesis occurs during the mature embryo period and the molting period of the 1st-and 2nd-instar nymphs.Triglycerides provide the prerequisite material for EβF production and release.Based on transcriptome sequencing,RNAi analysis,hormone treatments,and quantitative measurements,we found that the biosynthesis of EβF utilizes acetyl coenzyme A produced from fatty acid degradation,which can be suppressed by juvenile hormone but it is promoted by 20-hydroxyecdysone through the modulation of fatty acid metabolism.This is the first systemic study on the modulation of EβF production in aphids.The results of our study provide insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AAP biosynthesis,as well as valuable information for designing potential aphid control strategies.展开更多
With the large-scale integration of renewable generation,energy storage system(ESS)is increasingly regarded as a promising technology to provide sufficient flexibility for the safe and stable operation of power system...With the large-scale integration of renewable generation,energy storage system(ESS)is increasingly regarded as a promising technology to provide sufficient flexibility for the safe and stable operation of power systems under uncertainty.This paper focuses on grid-scale ESS planning problems in transmission-constrained power systems considering uncertainties of wind power and load.A scenario-based chance-constrained ESS planning approach is proposed to address the joint planning of multiple technologies of ESS.Specifically,the chance constraints on wind curtailment are designed to ensure a certain level of wind power utilization for each wind farm in planning decision-making.Then,an easy-to-implement variant of Benders decomposition(BD)algorithm is developed to solve the resulting mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem.Our case studies on an IEEE test system indicate that the proposed approach can co-optimize multiple types of ESSs and provide flexible planning schemes to achieve the economic utilization of wind power.In addition,the proposed BD algorithm can improve the computational efficiency in solving this kind of chance-constrained problems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972267 and 3227253)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2023TC109)。
文摘Aphids are major insect pests in agriculture and forestry worldwide.Following attacks by natural enemies,many aphids release an alarm pheromone to protect their population.In most aphids,the main component of the aphid alarm pheromone(AAP)is the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon(E)-β-farnesene(EβF).However,the mechanisms behind its biosynthesis and regulation remain poorly understood.In this study,we used the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi,which is an important wheat aphid,to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of EβF biosynthesis.Our results showed that EβF biosynthesis occurs during the mature embryo period and the molting period of the 1st-and 2nd-instar nymphs.Triglycerides provide the prerequisite material for EβF production and release.Based on transcriptome sequencing,RNAi analysis,hormone treatments,and quantitative measurements,we found that the biosynthesis of EβF utilizes acetyl coenzyme A produced from fatty acid degradation,which can be suppressed by juvenile hormone but it is promoted by 20-hydroxyecdysone through the modulation of fatty acid metabolism.This is the first systemic study on the modulation of EβF production in aphids.The results of our study provide insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AAP biosynthesis,as well as valuable information for designing potential aphid control strategies.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0902200)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5228001700CW).
文摘With the large-scale integration of renewable generation,energy storage system(ESS)is increasingly regarded as a promising technology to provide sufficient flexibility for the safe and stable operation of power systems under uncertainty.This paper focuses on grid-scale ESS planning problems in transmission-constrained power systems considering uncertainties of wind power and load.A scenario-based chance-constrained ESS planning approach is proposed to address the joint planning of multiple technologies of ESS.Specifically,the chance constraints on wind curtailment are designed to ensure a certain level of wind power utilization for each wind farm in planning decision-making.Then,an easy-to-implement variant of Benders decomposition(BD)algorithm is developed to solve the resulting mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem.Our case studies on an IEEE test system indicate that the proposed approach can co-optimize multiple types of ESSs and provide flexible planning schemes to achieve the economic utilization of wind power.In addition,the proposed BD algorithm can improve the computational efficiency in solving this kind of chance-constrained problems.
