渐近安全引力下的黑洞阴影和光环

重点讨论了薄盘吸积与渐近安全(asymptotically safe,AS)引力修正参数对黑洞阴影和光环的影响.对于薄盘吸积,黑洞的暗区就是黑洞的阴影,而明亮的光环则是由直接像、透镜环和光子环组成的.对于吸积盘辐射源比强度,考虑了3个不同辐射轮廓模型.对辐射起始于最内圆轨道的二阶衰减函数模型,直接像、透镜环和光子环可以明显区分.直接像对黑洞光环亮度贡献最大,透镜环对光环亮度贡献很小,而光子环的贡献几乎可以忽略,且对应观测强度的峰值随AS引力参数的增加而减小,即对应光环亮度随修正参数的增大而变暗.对于辐射起始于光子球半径的三阶衰减函数模型,透镜环和光子环叠加在直接像上,使观测强度出现新的极值.这一极值随AS引力修正参数的增加而增加,且使得黑洞光环的亮度更亮.对辐射起始于事件视界的反三角衰减函数模型,透镜环和光子环在直接像上的叠加范围更大,观测到的光环更宽,且AS引力参数值越小,透镜环和光子环越难区分,黑洞光环的亮度越大.总之,研究表明,黑洞阴影半径的大小随AS修正参数的增加而减小,对于不同的AS引力修正参数,辐射源光强度、尤其是观测强度的辐射轮廓存在显著差异,导致黑洞的阴影和亮环明显不同.

de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley(dRGT)黑洞的热力学与弱宇宙监督假设

有质量引力理论作为修正引力理论之一,对探究宇宙加速膨胀,以及解释暗能量和暗物质问题等有重要意义。研究了在常规相空间中de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley(dRGT)有质量引力下球对称黑洞的热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律与弱宇宙监督假设是否成立;并通过图像探究熵的微分变化量随事件视界r_(d)变化的影响,以及与dRGT黑洞无量纲自由参数α,β与引力子质量对该图像的影响。在研究过程中,通过引入标量粒子的能量-动量关系,来验证黑洞热力学第一定律是否成立,通过观察事件视界对熵的微分变化量的影响,来验证黑洞热力学第二定律是否成立。研究发现,黑洞在吸收粒子的同时,其视界半径始终存在,从而使奇点始终没有裸露出来。结果表明,在dRGT有质量引力下球对称黑洞的热力学第一定律,热力学第二定律与弱宇宙监督假设均成立。

de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley(dRGT)黑洞的热力学与弱宇宙监督假设

有质量引力理论作为修正引力理论之一,对探究宇宙加速膨胀,以及解释暗能量和暗物质问题等有重要意义.本文研究了在常规相空间中de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley(dRGT)有质量引力下球对称黑洞的热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律与弱宇宙监督假设是否成立;并通过图像探究熵的微分变化量随事件视界r_(d)变化的影响,以及与dRGT黑洞无量纲自由参数α,β与引力子质量对该图像的影响.在研究过程中,通过引入标量粒子的能量G动量关系,来验证黑洞热力学第一定律是否成立,通过观察事件视界对熵的微分变化量的影响,来验证黑洞热力学第二定律是否成立.研究发现,黑洞在吸收粒子的同时,其视界半径始终存在,从而使奇点始终没有裸露出来.结果表明,在dRGT有质量引力下球对称黑洞的热力学第一定律,热力学第二定律与弱宇宙监督假设均成立.

引力诱导自发辐射机制简介

引力诱导自发辐射机制将黑洞看作一个多能级多简并量子系统,因此其辐射蒸发过程的中间态是各种不同质量比黑洞辐射产物直积态的叠加。由于被作为经典对象看待的黑洞与辐射产物是对这种叠加态部分指标求迹的结果,所以它们之间的纠缠熵在整个辐射过程中拥有先增后减的特征,符合Page曲线的预期。本文对引力诱导自发辐射的基本概念进行了一个普及性介绍同时计算了一个初始简并度为8的黑洞在这种辐射演化下的熵变曲线,得到了晚期Rabi振荡造成的抬头行为相对第一回合增减变化明显被抑制的结果。

带有整体单极的Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS黑洞在扩展相空间中的霍金辐射

本文研究了带有整体单极的Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS黑洞在扩展相空间中出射粒子的量子隧穿辐射过程.其中,将宇宙学参数视为动态变量而不同于之前研究工作中将其视为常数而忽略其贡献.具体地,在计算出射粒子隧穿率时将宇宙学参数引入计算并将其解释为热力学压强.计算结果表明,出射粒子的隧穿率与粒子出射前后黑洞的贝肯斯坦-霍金熵差成正比,辐射谱偏离了纯热谱,该结果与将宇宙学参数视为常数的情况完全相同.这意味着在扩展相空间中可以得到粒子的隧穿概率,并且隧穿过程不依赖于热力学状参量,这一工作自然地进一步将霍金辐射推广到了带有整体单极Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS黑洞扩展相空间中.结果表明,整体单极子尽管影响粒子的动力学行为和热力学量,但并不影响熵变和隧穿率.

Jets,Accretion and Spin in Supermassive Black Holes

The theoretical model suggests that relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei(AGNs)rely on the black hole spin and/or accretion.We study the relationship between jet,accretion,and spin using supermassive black hole samples with reliable spin of black holes.Our results are as follows:(1)There is a weak correlation between radio luminosity and the spin of the black hole for our sample,which may imply that the jet of the supermassive black hole in our sample depends on the other physical parameters besides black hole spins,such as accretion disk luminosity.(2)The jet power of a supermassive black hole can be explained by the hybrid model with magnetic field of corona.(3)There is a significant correlation between radio-loudness and black hole spin for our sample.These sources with high radio-loudness tend to have high black hole spins.These results provide observational evidence that the black hole spin may explain the bimodal phenomena of radio-loud and radio-quiet AGNs.

Constraining the Earth-mass Primordial Black Hole Mergers Model of the Non-repeating FRBs Using the First CHIME/FRB Catalog

In this paper,we upgrade the constraints for the Earth-mass primordial black hole mergers model based on the first Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment(CHIME)/fast radio burst(FRB)catalog.Assuming the null hypothesis that the observed non-repeating FRBs originate from Earth-mass primordial black hole mergers,we find that how the charges were distributed in the primordial black hole population is well described by a double powerlaw function with typical charge value of law function with typical charge value of q_(c)/10^(-5)=1.60_(-0.28)^(+0.28),where the power-law index α_(1)=2.33_(-0.18)^(+0.15) for q<q_(c) and α_(2)=4.56_(-0.26)^(+0.30)for q≥q_(c).Here,q represents the charge of the black hole in units of√GM,where M is the mass of the black hole.Furthermore,we infer the local event rate of the bursts is 8.8_(-2.1)^(+5.7)×10^(4)Gpc^(-3) yr^(-1),which indicates that an abundance of the primordial black hole population f■10^(-4) is needed to account for the observed FRBs by CHIME.The results of this paper lay the basis for further research on the electromagnetic radiation background generated by the merger of primordial black hole mergers.

Study of Type-B QPOs Observed in Black Hole X-Ray Binary Swift J1728.9-3613

We report the detection of type-B quasi-periodic oscillation(QPO)of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1728.9-3613 observed by NICER during the 2019 outburst.A type-B QPO was observed for the first two days and it disappeared as flux increased,but again appeared at∼7.70 Hz when flux was dramatically decreased.The source was found in the soft intermediate state during these observations.We further studied the energy dependence of the QPO.We found that QPO was observed only for a higher energy range implying that the origin of QPO is possibly due to the corona emitting higher energy photons by the inverse Compton process.The variation of spectral parameters can be explained with the disk truncation model.The fractional rms was found to be monotonically increased with energy.The phase lag spectrum followed the“U-shaped”curve.The rms and phase lag spectrum are modeled and explained with the single-component Comptonization model vkompthdk.

Timing and Spectral Analysis of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary MAXI J1803-298 with Insight-HXMT Data

We present a comprehensive analysis of the 2021 outburst of MAXI J1803–298 utilizing observations of the Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT)spanning from the low hard state to the high soft state.Within the Insight-HXMT data set,compared to the previous work,we identify a more prolonged presence of typeC quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)with centroid frequencies ranging from~0.16 to 6.3 Hz,which present correlations with the hardness ratio and the photon index of the Comptonized component.For QPO frequencies less than~2 Hz,the QPO phase lags are hard(photons of 10–19 keV arrive later than those of 1–4 keV),while at higher frequencies,the lags become soft at and above~4 Hz.Furthermore,the spectra in all Insight-HXMT observations consist of a multi-color blackbody component and a Comptonized component,as commonly observed in classical black hole X-ray binaries.We analyze state transitions and the evolution of accretion geometry in this work.The fitted inner disk radius increases abnormally during the low hard state,hypothesized to result from the corona condensing onto the inner disk.Additionally,two significant drops in flux are observed during the soft intermediate state,maybe implying changes in the corona/jet and the disk,respectively.

带色荷的原初黑洞

在早期宇宙的致密区域内因引力坍缩而形成原初黑洞(PBH),它被看作是潜在的暗物质候选体。若PBH要构成所有的暗物质,则它们可能要比小行星还轻。最近麻省理工学院Alonso-Monsalve和Kaiser认为,这些微型PBH很可能如夸克和胶子那样具有净的“色荷”。Kaiser说,这种带色荷的PBH可能会留下可观测的特征。

Kerr-AdS黑洞的基于独立联络形式拉氏量的守恒量

基于爱因斯坦引力理论的独立联络形式,由诺特定理可以导出一个含任意参考背景仿射联络的推广Katz-Bicak-Lynden-Bell(KBL)势,借此得到一个守恒量定义式.本文把该定义式应用于渐近anti-de Sitter(AdS)且转动的Kerr-AdS黑洞时空的质量与角动量的定义,给出了与其他标准方法一致的结果.特别地,本文首次构造了一个比通常KBL超势中的参考背景联络更具一般性的新联络,相关结果表明KBL方法中的参考背景联络不具有唯一性,而对它的基本要求就是保持理论的协变性.

Thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in restricted phase space

We study thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in a new formalism which is called the restricted phase space thermodynamics.This context is based on Visser’s holographic thermodynamics with a fixed antide Sitter radius and a variable Newton constant.The conjugate variables,central charge C and the chemical potential m,are introduced as a new pair of thermodynamic variables.We find that the iso-e-charge T-S curve becomes non-monotonic when Q<Q_(c).Correspondingly,the F-T curve exhibits a swallow tail structure.This behavior is considered as a van der Waals-like phase transition.As the value of b related to the energy density of Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger,the critical temperature T_(c)will decrease.Thus,the van derWaals-like phase transition will occur at lower temperature.There is always a non-quilibrium transition from a small unstable black hole to a large stable black hole state in the isocoltage T-S process.There exist a maximum and a Hawking-Page phase transition points in theμ-C plane.As the value of b related to Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger,the Hawking-Page phase transition will occur at lower temperature in the isovoltageμ-T process.For other values of the state parameterω,there also exists van der Waals-like phase transition.

View of thermodynamic phase transition of the charged Gauss-Bonnet AdS black hole via the shadow

We examine thermodynamic phase transition(PT)of the charged Gauss-Bonnet Ad S black hole(BH)by utilizing the shadow radius.In this system,we rescale the corresponding Gauss-Bonnet coefficientαby a factor of 1/(D-4),and ensure thatαis positive to avoid any singularity problems.The equation derived for the shadow radius indicates that it increases as the event horizon radius increases,making it an independent variable for determining BH temperature.By investigating the PT curve in relation to shadows,we can observe that the shadow radius can be used as an alternative to the event horizon radius in explaining the phenomenon of BH PT.Furthermore,the results indicate that an increase in the parameterαcorresponds to a decrease in the temperature of the BH.By utilizing the relationship between the temperature and the shadow radius,it is possible to obtain the thermal profile of the Gauss-Bonnet AdS BH.It is evident that there is an N-type variation in temperature for pressures P<P_(c).Additionally,as the parameterαincreases,the region covered by shadow expands while the temperature decreases.The utilization of BH shadows as a probe holds immense significance in gaining a deeper understanding of BH thermodynamic behavior.

Polarization Study of Swift J151857.0–572147 with IXPE Observation

We present an analysis of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer observation from a newly discovered transient source:Swift J151857.0-572147.The obtained polarization degree(PD)and angle are 0.3%±0.3% and -24°±26°respectively in 2-8 keV within 68%confidence level errors,and polarization results are below MDP99in all energy bins,with the upper limit on PD of 0.8% in the 2-8 keV energy range.No quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)are detected in this observation.The polarization and QPO analyses support the hypothesis that the source was in the high soft state,and the results are consistent with predictions for a thin accretion disk model.

Supermassive Primordial Black Holes for Nano-Hertz Gravitational Waves and High-redshift JWST Galaxies

Recently,observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating,prompting the question:Can primordial black holes(PBHs)be supermassive,particularly with masses M■10^(9)M_(⊙)?A supercritical bubble,containing an inflating baby universe,that nucleated during inflation can evolve into a PBH in our observable universe.We find that when the inflaton slowly transitions past a neighboring vacuum,the nucleation rate of supercritical bubbles inevitably peaks,leading to a mass distribution of multiverse PBHs with a peak mass up to M■10^(11)M_(⊙).Thus,our mechanism naturally provides a primordial origin for supermassive black holes.

带磁荷规则黑洞的有质量标量场似正规模

利用三阶WKB近似方法,探究了非线性电动力学中带有磁荷的规则黑洞的似正规模.分别讨论这类带有磁荷的规则黑洞中的Bardeen-class黑洞、Hayward-class黑洞和New-class黑洞,在有质量标量场扰动下的似正规模,分析标量场质量对似正规模频率的影响.结果表明,随着扰动标量场质量的增加,黑洞时空的振荡频率变快,但振荡的衰减速度则变慢,这说明似正规模在大质量场的粒子衰减较慢些.此外,研究发现,随着标量场质量的变化,似正规模频率的实部与虚部之间呈近乎线性的变化关系.

Charged Particles Capture Cross-section by a Weakly Charged Schwarzschild Black Hole

We study the capture cross-section of charged particles by a weakly charged Schwarzschild black hole.The dependence of the maximum impact parameter for capture on the particle’s energy is investigated numerically for different values of the electromagnetic coupling strength between the particle and the black hole.The capture cross-section is then calculated.We show that the capture cross-section is independent of the electromagnetic coupling for ultra-relativistic particles.The astrophysical implications of our results are discussed.

中国科学院上海天文台引力波研究黑洞微扰理论研究取得进展

中国科学院上海天文台引力波研究团队通过对黑洞微扰理论的研究,发现了适用于任意天体物理环境和极端质量比旋近系统的引力波计算方法。相关成果发表在《中国科学:物理、力学和天文学(英文版)》上。黑洞微扰理论被广泛用于极端质量比旋近系统的引力波计算。由于作为摄动源的致密天体的性质和黑洞背景时空的耦合,使得计算变得复杂而低效。既往研究中,为了简化计算,科学家只能将恒星级致密天体假设为没有大小和结构的点粒子并必须假设黑洞周围是真空环境。然而,现实情况却是黑洞周围存在吸积盘和暗物质粒子等,致密天体也具有复杂的结构,这使计算变得复杂或不可能实现。此外,以这种近似的假设条件参加计算的方法已不能满足未来高精度引力波探测需要。

“量子龙卷风”吹开黑洞研究之门

据报道,英国科学家首次创造了一个新颖的实验平台,即“量子龙卷风”。它能模拟超流体氦中的黑洞,使研究人员能更详细地观察类似黑洞的行为,以及与周围环境的相互作用。通过对超流体氦表面微波动力学的观察,研究人员认为,这些“量子龙卷风”模拟了旋转黑洞附近的引力条件。这项研究于2024年3月20日发表在《自然》杂志上。

基于四次方程的三角解研究非球对称动态黑洞的“类视界面”

给出了具有实用价值的四次方程的三角解正根公式 ,并以匀加速直线运动的Kerr黑洞为例 ,成功的研究了非球对称动态黑洞的“类视界面”。