An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

Molecular Structure Tailoring of Organic Spacers for High‑Performance Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)perovskites(RPPs)with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell(PSC)technology.However,two-dimensional(2D)or quasi-2D RP PSCs are encountered with some challenges of the large exciton binding energy,blocked charge transport and poor film quality,which restrict their photovoltaic performance.Fortunately,these issues can be readily resolved by rationally designing spacer cations of RPPs.This review mainly focuses on how to design the molecular structures of organic spacers and aims to endow RPPs with outstanding photovoltaic applications.We firstly elucidated the important roles of organic spacers in impacting crystallization kinetics,charge transporting ability and stability of RPPs.Then we brought three aspects to attention for designing organic spacers.Finally,we presented the specific molecular structure design strategies for organic spacers of RPPs aiming to improve photovoltaic performance of RP PSCs.These proposed strategies in this review will provide new avenues to develop novel organic spacers for RPPs and advance the development of RPP photovoltaic technology for future applications.

钙钛矿太阳能电池材料缺陷对器件性能与稳定性的影响

基于钙钛矿太阳能电池材料独特的光电特性,特别是光电转换效率在初期短时间内的快速提升,使其成为当前光伏领域中最富吸引力的光吸收材料之一.然而,近年来转换效率的增长步入缓慢阶段,同时材料的长期稳定性也成为商业化应用的关键挑战,这些问题背后的物理机制与材料缺陷密切相关.为进一步提高电池效率和结构稳定性,必须深刻理解和精准地掌握这些缺陷的特性.本文全面回顾了钙钛矿材料中各类缺陷对光伏性能和稳定性的影响,包括传统刚性模型缺陷、非常规性缺陷、复合型缺陷、离子迁移和缺陷对载流子寿命的影响,论述了缺陷与材料结构稳定性之间的紧密关联性,并对未来关于缺陷的研究方向进行了展望.

利用溅射ITO层增强钙钛矿太阳电池的稳定性研究

为增强以银为背电极的正置结构有机-无机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳电池(PSCs)的长期稳定性,研究利用射频磁控溅射技术在氧化钼层与银背电极之间沉积一层铟锡氧化物(ITO)来对PSCs进行内封装的技术。为防止ITO层溅射对下方已沉积的钙钛矿层和有机空穴传输层造成损伤,研究ITO层溅射功率和厚度对PSCs光伏性能的影响,获得优化的ITO层制备工艺,发现在ITO层溅射功率为30 W、厚度为40 nm时所制备的PSCs光伏性能最优。为进一步提升PSCs性能,对比溅射法和热蒸发法沉积银背电极对PSCs性能的影响,发现与蒸发法相比,采用溅射银背电极的PSCs光伏性能更佳,其光电转换效率可达到17.86%。PSCs光伏性能的长期稳定性测试和X射线衍射结果分析表明,溅射ITO阻隔层的插入可有效抑制钙钛矿层中的卤素离子与银背电极之间的扩散反应,在不降低PSCs效率的同时可显著改善PSCs稳定性,所制备的PSCs在干燥空气中存放4500h后仍能保持初始效率的95%。

钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池的发展及展望

综述近年来钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池的发展现状,介绍钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池技术在效率和可靠性方面的优势。从工艺优化、结构协同设计和性能优化等方面对钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池进行总结,着重讨论叠层结构的每个子单元太阳电池复杂的协同效应。

钙钛矿光伏组件成本预测

针对钙钛矿太阳电池的瓦电成本和度电成本提出计算方法。从钙钛矿光伏组件的生产技术路线着手,结合钙钛矿光伏组件在生产与制造过程中的材料成本、产线成本以及产线折旧等方面对钙钛矿光伏组件的瓦电成本进行计算和讨论。同时对钙钛矿光伏组件的度电成本进行预测,并与火电、水电以及风电的度电成本进行比较,所得结论可为从事钙钛矿光伏组件制造的企业与科研院所提供一定的助益信息。

二氧化锡基染料敏化太阳能电池电子传输模型优化及器件性能研究

针对染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)而言,其光阳极的材料特性与设计参数对DSSC性能具有显著影响。为了深入研究这一影响,本文采用数值模拟的方式,以探究光阳极结构变化对DSSC性能的详细影响。但目前的数学模型不够完善且预测精度较低,因而本文在光电子传输理论和朗伯比尔定律的基础上,采用常数堆叠法和可变堆叠法将孔隙率对电子扩散系数的影响引入到DSSC的数学模型中,建立了更加完善且精确的电子传输模型,该模型能够更深入剖析光阳极结构参数变化对DSSC性能的影响。通过数值模拟了在不同孔隙体积、电子寿命、SnO_(2)涂层厚度及比表面积下DSSC的性能。结果发现:随着SnO_(2)薄膜孔隙体积的增加,太阳能电池的短路电流密度逐渐减小,而开路电压则呈增大趋势,这导致光电转换效率逐渐降低。当孔隙体积达到0.10 cm^(3)/g时,DSSC光电转换效率达5.16%,因此在保证电池刚性的前提下,尽量降低SnO_(2)的孔隙体积,有利于吸收系数和扩散系数的提升,这两个参数的提升有利于DSSC整体性能的提升,同时电子寿命的延长会带来太阳能电池短路电流密度和开路电压的增大,进而提升光电转换效率,当电子寿命达到200 ms时,光电转换效率达到5.82%。本研究通过详细的数值模拟分析,为优化光阳极结构从而提升DSSC的光电性能提供了有力的理论指导,有助于进一步推动DSSC的研究与应用。

Ultra‑Transparent and Multifunctional IZVO Mesh Electrodes for Next‑Generation Flexible Optoelectronics

Mechanically durable transparent electrodes are essential for achieving long-term stability in flexible optoelectronic devices.Furthermore,they are crucial for applications in the fields of energy,display,healthcare,and soft robotics.Conducting meshes represent a promising alternative to traditional,brittle,metal oxide conductors due to their high electrical conductivity,optical transparency,and enhanced mechanical flexibility.In this paper,we present a simple method for fabricating an ultra-transparent conducting metal oxide mesh electrode using selfcracking-assisted templates.Using this method,we produced an electrode with ultra-transparency(97.39%),high conductance(Rs=21.24Ωsq^(−1)),elevated work function(5.16 eV),and good mechanical stability.We also evaluated the effectiveness of the fabricated electrodes by integrating them into organic photovoltaics,organic light-emitting diodes,and flexible transparent memristor devices for neuromorphic computing,resulting in exceptional device performance.In addition,the unique porous structure of the vanadium-doped indium zinc oxide mesh electrodes provided excellent flexibility,rendering them a promising option for application in flexible optoelectronics.

Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Enabled by Tailoring Additive Distribution According to the Film Growth Dynamics

Gas quenching and vacuum quenching process are widely applied to accelerate solvent volatilization to induce nucleation of perovskites in blade-coating method.In this work,we found these two pre-crystallization processes lead to different order of crystallization dynamics within the perovskite thin film,resulting in the differences of additive distribution.We then tailor-designed an additive molecule named 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea to obtain films with fewer defects and holes at the buried interface,and prepared perovskite solar cells with a certified efficiency of 23.75%.Furthermore,this work also demonstrates an efficiency of 20.18%for the large-area perovskite solar module(PSM)with an aperture area of 60.84 cm^(2).The PSM possesses remarkable continuous operation stability for maximum power point tracking of T_(90)>1000 h in ambient air.

Crystallization Modulation and Holistic Passivation Enables Efficient Two‑Terminal Perovskite/CuIn(Ga)Se_(2)Tandem Solar Cells

Two-terminal(2-T)perovskite(PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)tandem solar cells(TSCs)have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley–Queisser(S–Q)limits.However,the nature of the irregular rough morphology of commercial CIGS prevents people from improving tandem device performances.In this paper,D-homoserine lactone hydrochloride is proven to improve coverage of PVK materials on irregular rough CIGS surfaces and also passivate bulk defects by modulating the growth of PVK crystals.In addition,the minority carriers near the PVK/C60 interface and the incompletely passivated trap states caused interface recombination.A surface reconstruction with 2-thiopheneethylammonium iodide and N,N-dimethylformamide assisted passivates the defect sites located at the surface and grain boundaries.Meanwhile,LiF is used to create this field effect,repelling hole carriers away from the PVK and C60 interface and thus reducing recombination.As a result,a 2-T PVK/CIGS tandem yielded a power conversion efficiency of 24.6%(0.16 cm^(2)),one of the highest results for 2-T PVK/CIGS TSCs to our knowledge.This validation underscores the potential of our methodology in achieving superior performance in PVK/CIGS tandem solar cells.

Solution‑Processed Thin Film Transparent Photovoltaics:Present Challenges and Future Development

Electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic growths.The soaring demand for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels,has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar energy.However,traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation,limiting their practicality in a dense urban environment.To overcome the spatial constraint,researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics(TPV),enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric energy.Current TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar panels.In this review,we first briefly introduce wavelength-and non-wavelengthselective strategies to achieve transparency.Figures of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV technology.Then we highlight recent progress in different types of TPVs,with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics(PVs),including colloidal quantum dot PVs,metal halide perovskite PVs and organic PVs.The applications of TPVs are also reviewed,with emphasis on agrivoltaics,smart windows and facades.Finally,current challenges and future opportunities in TPV research are pointed out.

基于FASnI_(3)的钙钛矿太阳电池仿真研究

为提高电池的效率、减少环境污染,提出一种结构为FTO/Zn(O_(0.3),S_(0.7))/FASnI_(3)/NiO/Au的无铅钙钛矿太阳电池。该电池以FASnI_(3)为光活性层,Zn(O_(0.3),S_(0.7))和NiO分别为电子传输层和空穴传输层,FTO和Au为接触电极。在太阳电池电容模拟器(SCAPS)中构建模型并设置材料参数,通过控制变量法进行参数优化。结果表明,当FASnI_(3)厚度为500 nm时,器件对光子的吸收较充分,输出最高的功率转换效率(PCE);随着FASnI_(3)缺陷态密度的升高,器件内部载流子复合中心增多,提高了载流子复合率,控制FASnI_(3)缺陷态密度不超过10^(14) cm^(-3)可确保电池输出性能较佳;当Zn(O_(0.3),S_(0.7))的厚度和电子亲和势优化为30 nm和3.5 eV时,载流子运输更为有效,电池输出最高的PCE;增大Zn(O_(0.3),S_(0.7))与FASnI_(3)界面缺陷态密度,导致光生载流子在界面更容易被捕获,控制Zn(O_(0.3),S_(0.7))与FASnI_(3)界面缺陷态密度不超过10^(13) cm^(-3)有利于提高电池性能。

提升钙钛矿太阳能电池性能技术综述

目前,钙钛矿电池作为光伏电池领域最炙手可热的技术之一,正在引起人们的广泛关注。钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转化效率不断刷新纪录,目前认证效率已经达到26.1%。它以其高效能、低成本、可制备性等优势,在可再生能源领域具有巨大应用前景。通过介绍钙钛矿电池的工艺流程和其当前的发展趋势,从界面工程、溶剂工程、能级工程以及添加剂工程等方面对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能提升技术进行详细总结,进一步分析大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池发展的技术瓶颈以及产业化所面临的问题,最后对钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展趋势进行展望。

基于轻量化YOLOv5s的光伏热斑检测定位方法

针对目前目标检测技术在检测光伏热斑效应时模型检测速度低、计算复杂、模型结构复杂等问题,提出基于轻量化YOLOv5s的光伏热斑检测定位方法。首先,以YOLOv5s为基础模型,引入轻量网络ShuffleNetV2改进YOLOv5s的主干网络,利用其分组卷积和通道混洗的设计思想,减少模型参数和计算量,同时保持较高的准确率。其次,引入轻量级卷积GSConv优化YOLOv5s的Neck部分,利用其深度可分离卷积结合标准卷积的形式,降低计算复杂度,优化整体模型。最后利用数据集进行验证。结果表明,轻量化后的模型在保证较高精度的前提下,能够提高检测速度、减少参数量和计算量。

轻量化M-CNN的太阳电池表面缺陷识别

针对太阳电池EL图像,提出一种高识别率的轻量化M-CNN网络模型。首先,该网络模型将拼接的多特征图融合通道注意力机制;然后,引入Ghost卷积层降低模型参数;最后,利用普通卷积层取代最大池化层进行特征空间降维。实验结果表明:在自建裂痕、阴影、微小瑕疵、无缺陷图像数据库共15767片上,M-CNN对粗糙分类检测准确率和瑕疵分类检测准确率分别是99.83%和93.38%,模型参数量是1.29 MB。相较先进的MobileNetV3、DeepVit和MobileVit等网络,M-CNN有缺陷识别率高和模型参数量低的优势。

一种基于GCN的光伏短期出力预测方法研究

为提高光伏短期出力预测精确问题,提出一种基于图卷积神经网络(GCN)的光伏短期出力预测方法。首先,构建考虑多气象影响因素的光伏短期出力模型,开展光伏出力影响因素和出力特性分析。其次,对光伏出力历史时序数据进行图形化转换和数据重构,构建邻接矩阵并提取光伏短期出力图形化特征数据。在多时间尺度场景下,建立基于GCN的光伏出力预测模型,并与基于长短期记忆网络(LSTM)、反向传播网络(BP)、图注意力模型(GAT)等算法的预测模型做比对分析。最后,以某地区光伏出力实测数据开展仿真验证研究,仿真结果表明所提方法具有良好的预测效果。

基于PSO-GWO算法的局部阴影光伏MPPT研究

针对在局部阴影条件下,光伏阵列的功率-电压特性曲线呈现多个峰值,传统群体智能优化存在收敛速度慢、振荡幅度大和易陷入局部最优等问题,提出一种基于PSO-GWO(Particle Swarm Optimization-Grey Wolf Optimization)算法的MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking)控制方法。该算法引入余弦规律变化的收敛因子,平衡GWO算法的全局搜索与局部搜索能力;引入PSO算法,提高灰狼个体与自身经验之间的信息交流。仿真结果表明,提出的PSO-GWO算法在局部阴影条件下不仅能快速收敛,而且功率输出震荡幅度更小,有效提升了局部遮阴条件下光伏阵列的最大功率跟踪效率和精度。

基于CSA-INC算法的光伏发电MPPT仿真研究

为提高最大功率点追踪的速度与准确性,并减小光伏阵列在局部阴影时光伏发电系统输出功率的损失与谐波含量,提出基于布谷鸟算法(CSA:Cuckoo Search Algorithm)和电导增量法(INC:Incremental Conductivity method)相结合的控制方法。在算法前期利用布谷鸟算法进行全局搜索,避免算法陷入局部最优解。后期利用电导增量法进行局部范围内细致搜索,锁定最大功率点。并且将此算法应用于并网控制,验证是否满足并网谐波含量要求。在Matlab/Simuink中建立了仿真模型,结果表明基于布谷鸟与电导增量法相结合的复合算法追踪速度更快,误差更小,满足并网谐波含量要求。

热处理和磁场处理对有机太阳电池效率的影响

在可再生能源领域,有机太阳电池因其轻巧、灵活、成本低而备受瞩目。这两种处理方法在改善电池性能方面的潜在机制被揭示出来,通过研究热处理和磁场处理对有机太阳电池效率的影响。有机太阳电池构件及光电转换过程的介绍为后续实验的开展提供了依据。对热处理和磁场处理的基本原理,典型方法,实验结果及分析等方面进行了详细的论述。在热处理方面,对电池性能进行有效调控,通过温度、时间等参数的调节。有关磁场处理的研究显示,磁场会显著地影响载流子的运动,从而使电池的总体效率受到影响。

基于协同钝化策略制备高性能柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池

柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池由于可弯曲、重量轻、高功质比等特点,受到广泛关注.提升柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池转换效率最有效的策略是钝化钙钛矿薄膜内部的晶界缺陷以及钝化钙钛矿薄膜与电荷传输层的界面缺陷.本文设计制备了以柔性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene glycol terephthalate,PET)为基材的柔性反式钙钛矿太阳能电池,采用了辛基氯化胺(octadecylamine hydrochloride,OACl)添加剂及表面钝化的协同钝化策略,提高了钙钛矿薄膜的结晶质量,改善了钙钛矿薄膜内部及界面处的缺陷,并最终得到了光电转换效率为20.80%的柔性反式钙钛矿太阳能电池.本文为制备高效柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池提供了一种有效策略.