Green hydrogen from water splitting has emerged as a critical energy vector with the potential to spearhead the global transition to a fossil fuel-independent society.The field of catalysis has been revolutionized by ...Green hydrogen from water splitting has emerged as a critical energy vector with the potential to spearhead the global transition to a fossil fuel-independent society.The field of catalysis has been revolutionized by single-atom catalysts(SACs),which exhibit unique and intricate interactions between atomically dispersed metal atoms and their supports.Recently,bimetallic SACs(bimSACs)have garnered significant attention for leveraging the synergistic functions of two metal ions coordinated on appropriately designed supports.BimSACs offer an avenue for rich metal–metal and metal–support cooperativity,potentially addressing current limitations of SACs in effectively furnishing transformations which involve synchronous proton–electron exchanges,substrate activation with reversible redox cycles,simultaneous multi-electron transfer,regulation of spin states,tuning of electronic properties,and cyclic transition states with low activation energies.This review aims to encapsulate the growing advancements in bimSACs,with an emphasis on their pivotal role in hydrogen generation via water splitting.We subsequently delve into advanced experimental methodologies for the elaborate characterization of SACs,elucidate their electronic properties,and discuss their local coordination environment.Overall,we present comprehensive discussion on the deployment of bimSACs in both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,the two half-reactions of the water electrolysis process.展开更多
Pt-based nanocatalysts offer excellent prospects for various industries.However,the low loading of Pt with excellent performance for efficient and stable nanocatalysts still presents a considerable challenge.In this s...Pt-based nanocatalysts offer excellent prospects for various industries.However,the low loading of Pt with excellent performance for efficient and stable nanocatalysts still presents a considerable challenge.In this study,nanocatalysts with ultralow Pt content,excellent performance,and carbon black as support were prepared through in-situ synthesis.These~2-nm particles uniformly and stably dispersed on carbon black because of the strong s-p-d orbital hybridizations between carbon black and Pt,which suppressed the agglomeration of Pt ions.This unique structure is beneficial for the hydrogen evolution reaction.The catalysts exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction,exhibiting a potential of 100 mV at 100 mA·cm^(-2),which is comparable to those of commercial Pt/C catalysts.Mass activity(1.61 A/mg)was four times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst(0.37 A/mg).The ultralow Pt loading(6.84wt%)paves the way for the development of next-generation electrocatalysts.展开更多
利用可再生能源发电,并通过低温电解水技术生产氢气,被认为是一种环保且可持续的制氢途径,是未来氢能发展的重要方向之一.采用该方法生产的氢气因其环保特性而被称为“绿氢”.然而,目前绿氢高昂的生产成本限制了电解水制氢技术的大规模...利用可再生能源发电,并通过低温电解水技术生产氢气,被认为是一种环保且可持续的制氢途径,是未来氢能发展的重要方向之一.采用该方法生产的氢气因其环保特性而被称为“绿氢”.然而,目前绿氢高昂的生产成本限制了电解水制氢技术的大规模应用.因此,开发先进的非贵金属催化剂和电催化体系以降低电解水制氢成本具有重要意义.界面工程是一种提升非贵金属催化剂电解水性能的有效策略,但目前对其催化活性位点的识别及活性提升机制的研究仍然不足.本文采用简单的水热及低温磷化法制备了具有丰富异质界面的Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF催化剂,并研究了其在电解水过程中的催化活性位点及这些位点在提升催化能力方面的协同作用.采用扫描电镜(SEM)证明了Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF催化剂呈现纳米线网络结构,这种结构不仅有利于增加催化剂的电化学活性位点和加速反应动力学,而且促进了连续产生的气泡从活性位点逃逸,从而提高了催化剂的机械稳定性.电化学研究结果表明,所制备Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF催化剂在1.0 mol L^(‒1)KOH溶液中表现出较好的析氧反应(OER)和析氢反应(HER)活性,分别仅需218和127 mV的过电位,即可达到100 mA cm^(‒2)的电流密度.将Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF分别作为阴极和阳极构建双电极电解槽,该装置产生100和500 mA cm^(‒2)的电流密度分别仅需1.68和2.05 V的电压,这一性能优于大多数已报道的自支撑过渡金属磷化物催化剂.多步计时电位测试结果进一步证实了Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF作为阳极和阴极材料在水分解过程中具有较好的长期耐久性.X射线光电子能谱和差分电荷分析表明,电子从富电子的FeP_(4)向缺电子的Ni_(2)P和CoP转移,这促使Ni_(2)P和CoP上的电子积累和FeP_(4)上的空穴积累,有利于优化反应中间体的吸附和脱附自由能,提升OER和HER催化性能.结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和原位拉曼光谱结果发现,催化剂重构后形成的特定(氧)氢氧化物结构,是OER反应真正的关键活性位点.原位拉曼光谱进一步证实了异质界面促进了OER过程中Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF的快速重构.此外,利用密度泛函理论分析了催化剂的HER反应机理.计算结果表明,H2O优先吸附在Fe位点并发生水解,随后产生的H*吸附在Ni位点上并发生解吸,从而促进了催化剂中Fe和Ni活性位点的高效利用.同时,CoP的引入提高了Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF催化剂的水吸附和解离能力,进一步提升了其HER活性.综上所述,本文通过简单的水热及低温磷化法制备了具有丰富异质界面的Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF过渡金属磷化物纳米线网络催化剂,并将其用于碱性水分解.通过多种表征技术及理论计算结果分析,识别了电解水过程中的关键催化活性位点,即催化剂重构后形成的特定(氧)氢氧化物结构,并揭示了其在OER和HER反应中的催化机制.本研究可为高性能碱性电解水催化剂的理性设计和开发提供参考.展开更多
基金support from the Czech Science Foundation,project EXPRO,No 19-27454Xsupport by the European Union under the REFRESH—Research Excellence For Region Sustainability and High-tech Industries project number CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048 via the Operational Programme Just Transition from the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic+1 种基金Horizon Europe project EIC Pathfinder Open 2023,“GlaS-A-Fuels”(No.101130717)supported from ERDF/ESF,project TECHSCALE No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004587).
文摘Green hydrogen from water splitting has emerged as a critical energy vector with the potential to spearhead the global transition to a fossil fuel-independent society.The field of catalysis has been revolutionized by single-atom catalysts(SACs),which exhibit unique and intricate interactions between atomically dispersed metal atoms and their supports.Recently,bimetallic SACs(bimSACs)have garnered significant attention for leveraging the synergistic functions of two metal ions coordinated on appropriately designed supports.BimSACs offer an avenue for rich metal–metal and metal–support cooperativity,potentially addressing current limitations of SACs in effectively furnishing transformations which involve synchronous proton–electron exchanges,substrate activation with reversible redox cycles,simultaneous multi-electron transfer,regulation of spin states,tuning of electronic properties,and cyclic transition states with low activation energies.This review aims to encapsulate the growing advancements in bimSACs,with an emphasis on their pivotal role in hydrogen generation via water splitting.We subsequently delve into advanced experimental methodologies for the elaborate characterization of SACs,elucidate their electronic properties,and discuss their local coordination environment.Overall,we present comprehensive discussion on the deployment of bimSACs in both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,the two half-reactions of the water electrolysis process.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5217042069)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)(No.YESS20200103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.265QZ2022004)。
文摘Pt-based nanocatalysts offer excellent prospects for various industries.However,the low loading of Pt with excellent performance for efficient and stable nanocatalysts still presents a considerable challenge.In this study,nanocatalysts with ultralow Pt content,excellent performance,and carbon black as support were prepared through in-situ synthesis.These~2-nm particles uniformly and stably dispersed on carbon black because of the strong s-p-d orbital hybridizations between carbon black and Pt,which suppressed the agglomeration of Pt ions.This unique structure is beneficial for the hydrogen evolution reaction.The catalysts exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction,exhibiting a potential of 100 mV at 100 mA·cm^(-2),which is comparable to those of commercial Pt/C catalysts.Mass activity(1.61 A/mg)was four times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst(0.37 A/mg).The ultralow Pt loading(6.84wt%)paves the way for the development of next-generation electrocatalysts.
基金国家自然科学基金资助项目(22072172)国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(21825204)+2 种基金中国科学院青年创新促进会资助项目(Y2021056)榆林学院与大连清洁能源国家实验室合作基金资助项目(YLU-DNL Fund 2022007)山西省科技创新团队专项资金资助项目(202304051001007)。
文摘利用可再生能源发电,并通过低温电解水技术生产氢气,被认为是一种环保且可持续的制氢途径,是未来氢能发展的重要方向之一.采用该方法生产的氢气因其环保特性而被称为“绿氢”.然而,目前绿氢高昂的生产成本限制了电解水制氢技术的大规模应用.因此,开发先进的非贵金属催化剂和电催化体系以降低电解水制氢成本具有重要意义.界面工程是一种提升非贵金属催化剂电解水性能的有效策略,但目前对其催化活性位点的识别及活性提升机制的研究仍然不足.本文采用简单的水热及低温磷化法制备了具有丰富异质界面的Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF催化剂,并研究了其在电解水过程中的催化活性位点及这些位点在提升催化能力方面的协同作用.采用扫描电镜(SEM)证明了Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF催化剂呈现纳米线网络结构,这种结构不仅有利于增加催化剂的电化学活性位点和加速反应动力学,而且促进了连续产生的气泡从活性位点逃逸,从而提高了催化剂的机械稳定性.电化学研究结果表明,所制备Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF催化剂在1.0 mol L^(‒1)KOH溶液中表现出较好的析氧反应(OER)和析氢反应(HER)活性,分别仅需218和127 mV的过电位,即可达到100 mA cm^(‒2)的电流密度.将Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF分别作为阴极和阳极构建双电极电解槽,该装置产生100和500 mA cm^(‒2)的电流密度分别仅需1.68和2.05 V的电压,这一性能优于大多数已报道的自支撑过渡金属磷化物催化剂.多步计时电位测试结果进一步证实了Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF作为阳极和阴极材料在水分解过程中具有较好的长期耐久性.X射线光电子能谱和差分电荷分析表明,电子从富电子的FeP_(4)向缺电子的Ni_(2)P和CoP转移,这促使Ni_(2)P和CoP上的电子积累和FeP_(4)上的空穴积累,有利于优化反应中间体的吸附和脱附自由能,提升OER和HER催化性能.结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和原位拉曼光谱结果发现,催化剂重构后形成的特定(氧)氢氧化物结构,是OER反应真正的关键活性位点.原位拉曼光谱进一步证实了异质界面促进了OER过程中Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF的快速重构.此外,利用密度泛函理论分析了催化剂的HER反应机理.计算结果表明,H2O优先吸附在Fe位点并发生水解,随后产生的H*吸附在Ni位点上并发生解吸,从而促进了催化剂中Fe和Ni活性位点的高效利用.同时,CoP的引入提高了Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF催化剂的水吸附和解离能力,进一步提升了其HER活性.综上所述,本文通过简单的水热及低温磷化法制备了具有丰富异质界面的Ni_(2)P/CoP/FeP_(4)/IF过渡金属磷化物纳米线网络催化剂,并将其用于碱性水分解.通过多种表征技术及理论计算结果分析,识别了电解水过程中的关键催化活性位点,即催化剂重构后形成的特定(氧)氢氧化物结构,并揭示了其在OER和HER反应中的催化机制.本研究可为高性能碱性电解水催化剂的理性设计和开发提供参考.
