盐湖卤水萃取法提锂的工艺中,磷酸三丁酯-FeCl_(3)-煤油协萃体系在多次循环使用后萃取能力会下降甚至失效。将失效锂萃取剂中的Fe(Ⅲ)回收利用对盐湖提锂行业的持续发展具有重要意义。在高浓度盐酸体系中模拟失效锂萃取剂,以其中的Fe(Ⅲ...盐湖卤水萃取法提锂的工艺中,磷酸三丁酯-FeCl_(3)-煤油协萃体系在多次循环使用后萃取能力会下降甚至失效。将失效锂萃取剂中的Fe(Ⅲ)回收利用对盐湖提锂行业的持续发展具有重要意义。在高浓度盐酸体系中模拟失效锂萃取剂,以其中的Fe(Ⅲ)为铁源,NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)溶液为磷源,在非均相体系中制备电池级磷酸铁。研究了反应时间、氨水加入量、NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)溶液浓度、反应温度和搅拌速率对产品产率、粒径(D_(50))和铁磷物质的量比的影响。结果表明,在优化的工艺条件下,可制得高纯度的单斜晶系二水磷酸铁,产率为89.43%、铁磷物质的量比为0.98、D_(50)为1.81μm、比表面积为37.38 m^(2)/g、含水量为19.64%,符合电池级磷酸铁的行业标准。以自制的磷酸铁为前驱体制备的Li Fe PO_(4)/C性能良好,在0.1C倍率下的首次放电比容量为146.58 m A·h/g,首次充放电效率为94.90%,恒流充放电循环80圈后的容量保持率为91.72%。研究表明,采用NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)溶液反萃沉淀法可有效回收失效锂萃取剂中的Fe(Ⅲ)并制备出电池级磷酸铁。展开更多
High-temperature oxidation behavior of ferrovanadium(FeV_(2)O_(4))and ferrochrome(FeCr_(2)O_(4))spinels is crucial for the application of spinel as an energy material,as well as for the clean usage of high-chromium va...High-temperature oxidation behavior of ferrovanadium(FeV_(2)O_(4))and ferrochrome(FeCr_(2)O_(4))spinels is crucial for the application of spinel as an energy material,as well as for the clean usage of high-chromium vanadium slag.Herein,the nonisothermal oxidation behavior of FeV_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction was examined by thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction(XRD)at heating rates of 5,10,and 15 K/min.The apparent activation energy was determined by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)method,whereas the mechanism function was elucidated by the Malek method.Moreover,in-situ XRD was conducted to deduce the phase transformation of the oxidation mechanism for FeV_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4).The results reveal a gradual increase in the overall apparent activation energies for FeV_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)during oxidation.Four stages of the oxidation process are observed based on the oxidation conversion rate of each compound.The oxidation mechanisms of FeV_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)are complex and have distinct mechanisms.In particular,the chemical reaction controls the entire oxidation process for FeV_(2)O_(4),whereas that for FeCr_(2)O_(4)transitions from a three-dimensional diffusion model to a chemical reaction model.According to the in-situ XRD results,numerous intermediate products are observed during the oxidation process of both compounds,eventually resulting in the final products FeVO_(4)and V2O_(5)for FeV_(2)O_(4)and Fe_(2)O_(3)and Cr_(2)O_(3)for FeCr_(2)O_(4),respectively.展开更多
文摘盐湖卤水萃取法提锂的工艺中,磷酸三丁酯-FeCl_(3)-煤油协萃体系在多次循环使用后萃取能力会下降甚至失效。将失效锂萃取剂中的Fe(Ⅲ)回收利用对盐湖提锂行业的持续发展具有重要意义。在高浓度盐酸体系中模拟失效锂萃取剂,以其中的Fe(Ⅲ)为铁源,NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)溶液为磷源,在非均相体系中制备电池级磷酸铁。研究了反应时间、氨水加入量、NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)溶液浓度、反应温度和搅拌速率对产品产率、粒径(D_(50))和铁磷物质的量比的影响。结果表明,在优化的工艺条件下,可制得高纯度的单斜晶系二水磷酸铁,产率为89.43%、铁磷物质的量比为0.98、D_(50)为1.81μm、比表面积为37.38 m^(2)/g、含水量为19.64%,符合电池级磷酸铁的行业标准。以自制的磷酸铁为前驱体制备的Li Fe PO_(4)/C性能良好,在0.1C倍率下的首次放电比容量为146.58 m A·h/g,首次充放电效率为94.90%,恒流充放电循环80圈后的容量保持率为91.72%。研究表明,采用NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)溶液反萃沉淀法可有效回收失效锂萃取剂中的Fe(Ⅲ)并制备出电池级磷酸铁。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52004044)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(Nos.cstb2022nscqmsx0801 and cstc2021jcyj-msxmx0882)+2 种基金the Foundation of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(No.ckrc2022030)the Graduate Research Innovation Project of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(No.YKJCX2220216)the National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.202311551007).
文摘High-temperature oxidation behavior of ferrovanadium(FeV_(2)O_(4))and ferrochrome(FeCr_(2)O_(4))spinels is crucial for the application of spinel as an energy material,as well as for the clean usage of high-chromium vanadium slag.Herein,the nonisothermal oxidation behavior of FeV_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction was examined by thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction(XRD)at heating rates of 5,10,and 15 K/min.The apparent activation energy was determined by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)method,whereas the mechanism function was elucidated by the Malek method.Moreover,in-situ XRD was conducted to deduce the phase transformation of the oxidation mechanism for FeV_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4).The results reveal a gradual increase in the overall apparent activation energies for FeV_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)during oxidation.Four stages of the oxidation process are observed based on the oxidation conversion rate of each compound.The oxidation mechanisms of FeV_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)are complex and have distinct mechanisms.In particular,the chemical reaction controls the entire oxidation process for FeV_(2)O_(4),whereas that for FeCr_(2)O_(4)transitions from a three-dimensional diffusion model to a chemical reaction model.According to the in-situ XRD results,numerous intermediate products are observed during the oxidation process of both compounds,eventually resulting in the final products FeVO_(4)and V2O_(5)for FeV_(2)O_(4)and Fe_(2)O_(3)and Cr_(2)O_(3)for FeCr_(2)O_(4),respectively.