土木工程广泛应用于结构设计、施工建设等方面。现代科技迅速发展,人工智能化水平提高,扩展了土木工程的相关领域研究。本文通过分析相关研究成果以及人工智能在土木工程中具有代表性的创新应用,包括智能规划、智能设计、智能养维护等,...土木工程广泛应用于结构设计、施工建设等方面。现代科技迅速发展,人工智能化水平提高,扩展了土木工程的相关领域研究。本文通过分析相关研究成果以及人工智能在土木工程中具有代表性的创新应用,包括智能规划、智能设计、智能养维护等,阐述了人工智能为土木工程带来的变革和发展机遇,对土木工程的智能化发展方向进行展望。Civil engineering is widely used in structural design, construction and other aspects. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the level of artificial intelligence has been improved, and the research in related fields of civil engineering has been expanded. By analyzing the relevant research results and the representative innovative applications of artificial intelligence in civil engineering, including intelligent planning, intelligent design, intelligent maintenance, etc., this paper expounds the changes and development opportunities brought by artificial intelligence to civil engineering, and looks forward to the intelligent development direction of civil engineering.展开更多
建筑防水是实现建筑功能的重要保证之一。我国建筑防水材料研究虽然起步晚,但近几十年来发展迅速,各种新型防水材料层出不穷,研发速度快、产品种类多、应用场景丰富。本文从刚性防水材料、防水卷材、防水涂料、密封材料四方面阐述了我国...建筑防水是实现建筑功能的重要保证之一。我国建筑防水材料研究虽然起步晚,但近几十年来发展迅速,各种新型防水材料层出不穷,研发速度快、产品种类多、应用场景丰富。本文从刚性防水材料、防水卷材、防水涂料、密封材料四方面阐述了我国自1970年代以来建筑防水材料的发展历程和应用研究成果,展望了未来建筑防水材料性能的研究方向和发展趋势。Waterproofing work is one of the essential guarantees for building functions. In China, the research on waterproofing materials started late, it had developed rapidly in recent years. Various of new materials have emerged recently, with fast research and development speed, wide variety of product kinds and diverse application scenarios. In this paper, the development history and research achievements of waterproofing materials in China since the 1970s were elaborated, covering four categories: rigid waterproofing material, waterproof membrane, waterproof coating and sealant material. The future research prospects of waterproofing materials are outlined.展开更多
通过对浙江地区已建或在建项目装配式混凝土建筑现场走访调研和资料收集,提炼了目前装配整体式混凝土剪力墙结构设计存在的若干问题。结合装配式剪力墙结构设计质量控制标准与施工图审查要点,研究了现行装配式混凝土结构技术标准、规程...通过对浙江地区已建或在建项目装配式混凝土建筑现场走访调研和资料收集,提炼了目前装配整体式混凝土剪力墙结构设计存在的若干问题。结合装配式剪力墙结构设计质量控制标准与施工图审查要点,研究了现行装配式混凝土结构技术标准、规程的条文规定,提出了合理的解决方法和应对措施,为装配式混凝土剪力墙结构设计技术改进提供参考。Through the site investigation and data collection of precast concrete buildings in Zhejiang area, some problems in the design of monolithic precast concrete shear wall structures are extracted. Combining with the design quality control standard of monolithic precast concrete shear wall structure and the key points of construction drawing review, the article studies the provisions of the current technical standards and regulations of precast concrete structure, puts forward reasonable solutions and countermeasures, and provides reference for the design technology improvement of prefabricated concrete shear wall structure.展开更多
在大体积混凝土施工过程中,控制浇筑时的水化热是确保施工质量的关键步骤。目前,主要通过有限元仿真计算来模拟浇筑过程中体系温度的变化。然而,有限元分析得到的模拟数据与实测数据存在较大差距,只能通过后期调整有限元模型的参数来逼...在大体积混凝土施工过程中,控制浇筑时的水化热是确保施工质量的关键步骤。目前,主要通过有限元仿真计算来模拟浇筑过程中体系温度的变化。然而,有限元分析得到的模拟数据与实测数据存在较大差距,只能通过后期调整有限元模型的参数来逼近实测数据,无法有效指导施工。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于半绝热法的现场大体积混凝土水化热预测方法。利用自制的简易水化热测试装置测定实际配合比下混凝土的绝热温升曲线,通过推导得到修正的热源函数模型,并结合实验室标定的水泥水化过程中导热系数函数的时变模型,对有限元分析模型进行修正,使其更加符合实际情况,更贴近实测水化热数据。通过实际工程案例的实测数据与有限元模拟结果的分析,发现此方法可以有效减少有限元模拟结果与实测数据的误差,更有效地指导现场施工,对于控制大体积混凝土水化热引起的温度应力裂缝具有重要意义。Controlling the hydration heat during the pouring of mass concrete is a crucial step to ensure construction quality. Currently, finite element simulation is primarily used to model the temperature variations during the pouring process. However, significant discrepancies often exist between the simulated data from finite element analysis and the actual measured data. These discrepancies can only be minimized by post-adjustment of the finite element model parameters, which is insufficient for effective construction guidance. To address this issue, this paper proposes an on-site prediction method for the hydration heat of mass concrete based on the semi-adiabatic method. A self-made, simple hydration heat testing device is used to determine the adiabatic temperature rise curve of concrete with the actual mix proportions. By deriving a corrected heat source function model and integrating a time-varying thermal conductivity function model calibrated in the laboratory during the cement hydration process, the finite element analysis model is adjusted to better align with real conditions and closely match the measured hydration heat data. Analysis of measured data from practical engineering cases and finite element simulation results demonstrates that this method effectively reduces the error between simulated and measured data. It provides more reliable guidance for on-site construction and is significant for controlling temperature-induced stress cracks in mass concrete due to hydration heat.展开更多
波浪型单层钢制大瓦广泛应用于低矮的民用建筑及临时建筑屋顶,我国是受大风影响非常频繁的国家,因此,低矮房屋屋顶覆盖层在风场作用下的风载荷特性及其安全性需要关注。本文应用有限元法,对低矮房屋普遍应用的单层钢制大瓦进行风振影响...波浪型单层钢制大瓦广泛应用于低矮的民用建筑及临时建筑屋顶,我国是受大风影响非常频繁的国家,因此,低矮房屋屋顶覆盖层在风场作用下的风载荷特性及其安全性需要关注。本文应用有限元法,对低矮房屋普遍应用的单层钢制大瓦进行风振影响分析及结构应力分析,得到结论:屋顶大瓦的前四阶自振幅值均较小,屋顶大瓦可不考虑风载荷作用下的自振作用;屋顶大瓦结构在不同方向风载荷的作用下,结构最大Von-Mise应力未超过材料屈服极限,结构是安全的;大瓦边缘凸棱处最大Von-Mise应力已经接近材料强度极限,安全系数仅为1.182,需要增加相应的加固措施以确保安全。本文相关研究结果可为低矮房屋的建筑屋顶设计提供参考。Wave shaped single-layer steel tiles are widely used in low rise civil buildings and temporary building roofs. China is a country that is frequently affected by strong winds. Therefore, the wind load characteristics and safety of the roof covering layer of low rise buildings under the action of wind fields need to be paid attention to. This article applies the finite element method to analyze the wind-induced vibration and structural stress of single-layer steel tiles commonly used in low rise buildings. The conclusion is that the first four natural amplitude values of roof tiles are relatively small, and the natural vibration effect of roof tiles under wind load can be ignored;Under the action of wind loads in different directions, the maximum Von Mise stress of the roof tile structure does not exceed the material yield limit, indicating that the structure is safe;The maximum Von Mise stress at the convex edge of the large tile is close to the material strength limit, with a safety factor of only 1.182. Corresponding reinforcement measures need to be added to ensure safety. The relevant research results of this article can provide reference for the roof design of low rise buildings.展开更多
文摘土木工程广泛应用于结构设计、施工建设等方面。现代科技迅速发展,人工智能化水平提高,扩展了土木工程的相关领域研究。本文通过分析相关研究成果以及人工智能在土木工程中具有代表性的创新应用,包括智能规划、智能设计、智能养维护等,阐述了人工智能为土木工程带来的变革和发展机遇,对土木工程的智能化发展方向进行展望。Civil engineering is widely used in structural design, construction and other aspects. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the level of artificial intelligence has been improved, and the research in related fields of civil engineering has been expanded. By analyzing the relevant research results and the representative innovative applications of artificial intelligence in civil engineering, including intelligent planning, intelligent design, intelligent maintenance, etc., this paper expounds the changes and development opportunities brought by artificial intelligence to civil engineering, and looks forward to the intelligent development direction of civil engineering.
文摘建筑防水是实现建筑功能的重要保证之一。我国建筑防水材料研究虽然起步晚,但近几十年来发展迅速,各种新型防水材料层出不穷,研发速度快、产品种类多、应用场景丰富。本文从刚性防水材料、防水卷材、防水涂料、密封材料四方面阐述了我国自1970年代以来建筑防水材料的发展历程和应用研究成果,展望了未来建筑防水材料性能的研究方向和发展趋势。Waterproofing work is one of the essential guarantees for building functions. In China, the research on waterproofing materials started late, it had developed rapidly in recent years. Various of new materials have emerged recently, with fast research and development speed, wide variety of product kinds and diverse application scenarios. In this paper, the development history and research achievements of waterproofing materials in China since the 1970s were elaborated, covering four categories: rigid waterproofing material, waterproof membrane, waterproof coating and sealant material. The future research prospects of waterproofing materials are outlined.
文摘通过对浙江地区已建或在建项目装配式混凝土建筑现场走访调研和资料收集,提炼了目前装配整体式混凝土剪力墙结构设计存在的若干问题。结合装配式剪力墙结构设计质量控制标准与施工图审查要点,研究了现行装配式混凝土结构技术标准、规程的条文规定,提出了合理的解决方法和应对措施,为装配式混凝土剪力墙结构设计技术改进提供参考。Through the site investigation and data collection of precast concrete buildings in Zhejiang area, some problems in the design of monolithic precast concrete shear wall structures are extracted. Combining with the design quality control standard of monolithic precast concrete shear wall structure and the key points of construction drawing review, the article studies the provisions of the current technical standards and regulations of precast concrete structure, puts forward reasonable solutions and countermeasures, and provides reference for the design technology improvement of prefabricated concrete shear wall structure.
文摘在大体积混凝土施工过程中,控制浇筑时的水化热是确保施工质量的关键步骤。目前,主要通过有限元仿真计算来模拟浇筑过程中体系温度的变化。然而,有限元分析得到的模拟数据与实测数据存在较大差距,只能通过后期调整有限元模型的参数来逼近实测数据,无法有效指导施工。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于半绝热法的现场大体积混凝土水化热预测方法。利用自制的简易水化热测试装置测定实际配合比下混凝土的绝热温升曲线,通过推导得到修正的热源函数模型,并结合实验室标定的水泥水化过程中导热系数函数的时变模型,对有限元分析模型进行修正,使其更加符合实际情况,更贴近实测水化热数据。通过实际工程案例的实测数据与有限元模拟结果的分析,发现此方法可以有效减少有限元模拟结果与实测数据的误差,更有效地指导现场施工,对于控制大体积混凝土水化热引起的温度应力裂缝具有重要意义。Controlling the hydration heat during the pouring of mass concrete is a crucial step to ensure construction quality. Currently, finite element simulation is primarily used to model the temperature variations during the pouring process. However, significant discrepancies often exist between the simulated data from finite element analysis and the actual measured data. These discrepancies can only be minimized by post-adjustment of the finite element model parameters, which is insufficient for effective construction guidance. To address this issue, this paper proposes an on-site prediction method for the hydration heat of mass concrete based on the semi-adiabatic method. A self-made, simple hydration heat testing device is used to determine the adiabatic temperature rise curve of concrete with the actual mix proportions. By deriving a corrected heat source function model and integrating a time-varying thermal conductivity function model calibrated in the laboratory during the cement hydration process, the finite element analysis model is adjusted to better align with real conditions and closely match the measured hydration heat data. Analysis of measured data from practical engineering cases and finite element simulation results demonstrates that this method effectively reduces the error between simulated and measured data. It provides more reliable guidance for on-site construction and is significant for controlling temperature-induced stress cracks in mass concrete due to hydration heat.
文摘波浪型单层钢制大瓦广泛应用于低矮的民用建筑及临时建筑屋顶,我国是受大风影响非常频繁的国家,因此,低矮房屋屋顶覆盖层在风场作用下的风载荷特性及其安全性需要关注。本文应用有限元法,对低矮房屋普遍应用的单层钢制大瓦进行风振影响分析及结构应力分析,得到结论:屋顶大瓦的前四阶自振幅值均较小,屋顶大瓦可不考虑风载荷作用下的自振作用;屋顶大瓦结构在不同方向风载荷的作用下,结构最大Von-Mise应力未超过材料屈服极限,结构是安全的;大瓦边缘凸棱处最大Von-Mise应力已经接近材料强度极限,安全系数仅为1.182,需要增加相应的加固措施以确保安全。本文相关研究结果可为低矮房屋的建筑屋顶设计提供参考。Wave shaped single-layer steel tiles are widely used in low rise civil buildings and temporary building roofs. China is a country that is frequently affected by strong winds. Therefore, the wind load characteristics and safety of the roof covering layer of low rise buildings under the action of wind fields need to be paid attention to. This article applies the finite element method to analyze the wind-induced vibration and structural stress of single-layer steel tiles commonly used in low rise buildings. The conclusion is that the first four natural amplitude values of roof tiles are relatively small, and the natural vibration effect of roof tiles under wind load can be ignored;Under the action of wind loads in different directions, the maximum Von Mise stress of the roof tile structure does not exceed the material yield limit, indicating that the structure is safe;The maximum Von Mise stress at the convex edge of the large tile is close to the material strength limit, with a safety factor of only 1.182. Corresponding reinforcement measures need to be added to ensure safety. The relevant research results of this article can provide reference for the roof design of low rise buildings.