响应面法优化芷江鸭美拉德风味增益工艺

为优化芷江鸭休闲产品的风味,以芷江鸭鸭胸肉为原料,耦合原位美拉德反应,在工艺耦合位点、美拉德反应体系基料种类及添加量的单因素试验的基础上采用响应面设计,以反应体系吸光度为指标,对其工艺参数进行优化。结果表明原位美拉德风味增益的最佳工艺条件为:蛋氨酸0.06%,半胱氨酸0.07%,木糖0.4%,最佳耦合位点为炒制。此条件下美拉德反应体系吸光值为0.783,验证实际吸光值为0.780,感官综合评分可达89.65分。

中国沙棘和西藏沙棘果实氨基酸含量比较研究

为探讨中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis)和西藏沙棘(Hippophae thibetana)果实氨基酸营养品质和风味的差异,采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了两种沙棘果实氨基酸含量。结果表明:两种沙棘果实均检测出17种氨基酸,总含量分别为中国沙棘68.83 mg/g、西藏沙棘135.66 mg/g;中国沙棘和西藏沙棘的人体必需氨基酸含量分别为49.59%、47.43%;西藏沙棘果实中的药用氨基酸、支链氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸含量均高于中国沙棘果实;中国沙棘和西藏沙棘果实风味均为酸味;利用氨基酸的比值系数法和模糊识别法,评价得出西藏沙棘果实氨基酸营养价值高于中国沙棘果实。

六种常用农药成分在茄子中残留降解动态

本研究旨在探索啶虫脒、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪、哒螨灵、联苯菊酯和高效氟氯氰菊酯在茄子中的残留降解动态,以支持食品安全和生态环境保护。通过气相色谱—三重四极杆质谱法和液相色谱—三重四极杆质谱法,检测了这些农药在茄子中的降解情况,并采用一级动力学模型拟合了降解曲线,得到了农药组分的半衰期。结果表明,农药残留降解受到农药种类、环境条件和作物种类等多重因素的影响,不同农药在茄子中的残留期有所差异。部分农药的降解需结合二级动力学模型进行深入分析,从而得到了新的拟合降解方程。本研究为茄子种植中农药的合理施用及减少农药残留提供了科学指导。

液体有机肥对冰糖橙土壤肥力及果实品质的影响

为探明液体有机肥对冰糖橙土壤肥力及果实品质的影响,设置不施有机肥(CK)、常规有机肥(CF,固体)、YHY液体有机肥(T1)、YLG液体有机肥(T2)4个处理,研究不同处理对土壤肥力和果实品质的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,施用液体有机肥均能不同程度地提升土壤中的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,增加了大于0.25 mm粒径土壤水稳定性团聚体含量,降低了土壤团聚体破坏率,提高冰糖橙果实产量,同时改善果实品质,与固体有机肥有类似的效果。综合考虑肥料成本、土壤改善效果以及对冰糖橙的叶片养分状况和果实品质的影响,液体有机肥在冰糖橙栽培中可以作为固体有机肥的一种短期替代或作追肥使用。

腐食性食蚜蝇分子生物学种类鉴定

对长沙市内采集到的四种腐食性食蚜蝇进行种类鉴定,确定是否为目的食蚜蝇。通过形态学方法检索食蚜蝇的形态特征,并同时提取4种食蚜蝇基因组DNA,对线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因片段进行PCR扩增和测序,测序结果在Gen Bank中进行比对,采用邻接法构建系统进化树。结果表明,采获的四种食蚜蝇的形态等与目的食蚜蝇特征相符,分别为羽芒宽盾蚜蝇、棕腿斑眼蚜蝇、灰带管蚜蝇和长尾管蚜蝇,其COⅠ基因序列在Gen Bank中进行比对,序列相似度都极高,基于COⅠ序列的系统发育进化树显示,灰带管蚜蝇和长尾管蚜蝇为同一分支。本研究结果为食蚜蝇的后续研究提供了理论依据。

抗除草剂转基因油菜新材料生理特性及产量品质对比分析

为评价抗除草剂转Bar基因油菜新材料,以3个不育系和3个恢复系6个抗除草剂转基因油菜新材料为研究对象,对比研究其生理特性和产量品质等方面的差异。结果表明:幼苗期的SOD活性除T210较低外其他材料相差不大,5~6叶期的SOD活性以T213、T223最高,蕾薹期以T213最高;幼苗期、5~6叶期及蕾薹期的POD活性均以T216最高;T213、T216的可溶性糖含量随着生育期增加而增加;幼苗期的可溶性蛋白含量以T210最高,T223最低,蕾薹期以T213最高,T216最低,T211则随着生育期增加而增加。单株产量T210最高,其次是T223和T203;总角果数T223最多,其次是T207、T213,T210最少;含油量和油酸含量均以T207最高,其次是T216。综合考虑生理特性、品质及产量等指标,T207为最佳不育系材料,T223为最佳恢复系材料。

基于区块链技术的蜂产品追溯系统设计与实现

食品安全是一个重大民生问题,蜂产品的质量安全只有追溯蜂产品供应链的全过程中才能得到根本解决。区块链技术具有去中心化、防篡改、时间戳等特点,可以有效解决传统溯源方法的主要问题和不足,防止数据遭到攻击和恶意篡改。针对传统蜂产品追溯的弊端,该文提出了一种基于区块链的蜂产品追溯系统框架,抽象了由生产、物流、加工、销售和消费五个节点组成的蜂产品流通过程,构建了参与蜂产品追溯方案的五个节点的整体结构,并设计了一个基于区块链的蜂产品溯源方案。可追溯系统为制造商提供了证明产品质量的机会,帮助公司建立高端品牌,支持公司申请监管许可证,并提高其供应链效率。将区块链技术引入蜂产品供应链是一种新的技术解决方案,它确保了可追溯信息的完整性、可靠性和安全性。

噬菌核霉对油菜长势、抗冻性及土壤微生物分布的影响研究

为探明噬菌核霉对油菜长势、抗性及土壤微生物分布的影响,以湘杂油787为材料,设置空白对照和施用噬菌核霉2个处理,分析油菜苗期和花期的长势、抗性及土壤微生物分布的差异。结果表明:噬菌核霉处理的油菜长势较对照有明显提高,花期优势更明显,抗冻性较对照也有大幅提升;通过对土壤微生物16S rDNA扩增子测序分析发现,门水平浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸性菌门(Acidobacteriota)为优势菌门;嗜菌核霉处理的浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)、酸性菌门(Actinobacteriota)和蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度均低于对照,但粘菌门(Myx-ococcota)、脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)和酸性菌门(Acidobacteriota)的相对丰度均高于对照;属水平芽菌科未知属(Gemmataceae_unclassified)、鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、厌氧绳菌属(Anaerolinea)、出芽菌属(Gemmata)、浮霉菌科未知属(Planctomycetales_unclassified)5个属为优势菌属。施用噬菌核霉可以有效改善油菜土壤微生物群落结构,从而促进其生长和抗冻性的提升。

致读者

Agricultural Science&Technology期刊是由湖南省农业科学院主管,湖南省农业信息与工程研究所主办的综合农业类英文科技期刊,国内统一刊号CN43-1422/S,国际标准刊号ISSN1009-4229,季刊。刊物主要收录与农业科学相关的种业科学、生态环境和植物保护等应用基础研究成果,旨在宣传国内领先的农业科研成果,报道国内农业科研和相关领域的最新进展,提高我国农业科研的国际影响力,促进我国农业科技成果在世界范围内的交流。竭诚欢迎您的支持与参与。

Curcuminoids Inhibit Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

The growth rate method was adopted to measure the inhibitory effect of curcumin,tetrahydrocurcumin,demethoxycurcumin,and bisdemethoxycurcumin on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.The results showed that the four curcuminoids inhibited the mycelial growth of the two pathogens in a concentration-dependent manner.Bisdemethoxycurcumin at 600 mg/L exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of B.cinerea and C.gloeosporioides,with the relative inhibition rates of 98.19%and 100%,respectively;followed by demethoxycurcumin;curcumin exerted the worst inhibitory effect.Toxicity test results also showed that four curcuminoids all had a certain toxicity to B.cinerea and C.gloeosporioides,among which,bisdemethoxycurcumin exhibited the strongest toxicity,with the EC_(50)of 131.125 and 122.235 mg/L,respectively;while curcumin had the lowest toxicity,with the EC_(50)of 273.143 and 194.943 mg/L,respectively.

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Spraying at Seedling Stage on the Growth Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Brassica napus L.

In order to select a suitable foliar fertilizer for Brassica napus L.at the seedling stage,using‘Fengyou 958’as the material,different foliar fertilizers including BR,Se,Si,BR+Si,BR+Se,Se+Si and BR+Se+Si were sprayed at the seedling stage to study their effect on the physiological characteristics,growth and yield of Brassica napus L..The results showed that the growth,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,and yield of different treatments at the budding stage improved compared with the control.The effect of the Si+Se treatment was the best,followed by the Se and Si treatments.The chlorophyll content of the flower decreased continuously during the whole flowering period,and the chlorophyll content of the mature silique peel was higher than that of the seed.The content of soluble sugar in flowers was the highest in the early flowering stage,and the content of soluble sugar in leaves at the flowering stage was higher than that at the budding stage.The soluble sugar content in the harvested silique peel decreased gradually with the increase of time,and that in the silique peel and seed was similar at 35 d after pollination.The soluble protein content in the silique peel and seed decreased gradually at the mature stage,and the soluble protein content in the silique peel was higher than that in the seed at the same stage.Si+Se foliar fertilizer spraying at the seedling stage can promote the growth and yield of Brassica napus L.and can be applied in Brassica napus L.production.

Different Foliar Fertilizer Treatments Affect the Yield and Quality of Brassica napus L.for Both Vegetable and Oil Dual-Use Rape

Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of different foliar fertilizer treatments on the agronomic traits,yield,and quality of Brassica napus L.for both vegetable and oil dual-use rape.The seedlings of‘Youtai 929’,‘Jinyoutai 1’,and‘Zhongshuang 11’were sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate,naphthylacetic acid,and selenium fertilizer,and the agronomic traits,yield,and quality were determined.The results showed that the naphthylacetic acid treatment had the highest indexes before winter,followed by the selenium fertilizer treatment.At the harvesting stage,the plant height,number of siliquae,yield per plant,and number of effective branches on the main stem of the three varieties were the highest in the naphthylacetic acid treatment,followed by those in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment.The fresh shoot quality was the best in the selenium fertilizer treatment and the second in the naphthylacetic acid treatment.‘Jinyoutai 1’applied with naphthylacetic acid had the highest economic benefit of 4971.78 CNY/667m^(2),which was 642.32 CNY/667m^(2) higher than that of the control.The findings suggested that naphthylacetic acid was suitable to be used as the foliar fertilizer for the seedlings of B.napus varieties for both vegetable and oilseed,and the additional application of selenium fertilizer demonstrated better effect.

Effect of Different Raw Material Processing Methods on the Quality of Apple Distilled Spirits

In this study,the effect of yeast strains(X16 and RMS2),fruit seed,and pectinase on the quality of apple distilled spirits were investigated with apple as material.The results showed that pectinase shortened the fermentation period.The strain X16,fruit seed remaining,and pectinase addition groups had higher yields of crude distilled spirits than the strain RMS2,fruit seed removal,and without pectinase groups,respectively.Regarding the first-grade distilled spirits quality,the X16 group had higher content of total acids,total esters,higher alcohols,and alcohol content than the RMS2 group;the group with fruit seeds had higher total acids but lower alcohol content and total esters than the group with fruit seed removal;the group with pectinase addition had higher total acids and alcohol content than the group without pectinase addition.Regarding the second-grade distilled spirits quality,the X16 group had higher total acids,total esters,and alcohol content than the RMS2 group;the group without fruit seeds had higher alcohol content than the group with fruit seeds;the group with pectinase addition showcased higher total acids but lower alcohol content than the group without pectinase addition.In summary,yeast strains and pectinase affected the quality of apple distilled spirits,and strain X16 was more suitable for brewing apple distilled spirits.Pectinase affected the quality of apple distilled spirits by affecting fermentation rate and temperature.

Transcriptome Sequencing for Sugar and Flavonoid Metabolism in Prunus persica‘Jinxiangyu’

In this study,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing were used to study the changes in soluble sugar components and flavonoids in Prunus persica‘Jinxiangyu’at different developmental stages(20–90 d after flowering)and screen the key genes regulating the formation of soluble sugar and flavonoids in the fruits.The results showed that 60–85 d after flowering was the key stage of quality formation of Prunus persica‘Jinxiangyu’,and the content of soluble sugar,soluble solid,fructose,and sucrose in the fruit increased significantly during this period.The sugar content of ripe fruits was mainly fructose and sucrose.The content of kaempferol glycoside was low in the fruit.Quercetin glycoside content was higher in the young fruit stage and decreased with fruit maturity.There were no anthocyanin compounds in the fruit.The expression levels of genes involved in flavonoid metabolism(ANS,DFR,F3H,FLS,4CL1,etc.)were low in the fruit.A total of 181 differentially expressed genes were identified during fruit development to participate in five sugar metabolism pathways,among which the SDH gene had a higher expression level,which continuously rised in the later stage of fruit development.It mainly promoted the accumulation of fructose content in the later stage of fruit development.The expression levels of SPS1,SS,and SS1 genes were continuously up-regulated,which played a key role in sucrose regulation.The higher expression levels of SUS3 and INVA genes in the early stage of fruit development promoted the degradation of sucrose.

Effect of Different Disinfection Methods on Calluses of Amorphophallus albus P.Y.Liu&J.F.Chen

This study aimed to examine the effect of different disinfection methods on the callus of Amorphophallus albus in the tissue culture and rapid propagation system.The calluses induced from buds of A.albus were disinfected with benzalkonium bromide,mercury bichloride,sodium hypochlorite,and ethanol,respectively,for different time periods.The growth of calluses was compared between different treatments and observed in detail by dissection.The results showed that the disinfection with 0.1% mercury bichloride for 5 min and 75% ethanol for 5 s had mild effect on the callus,with the lowest browning rates of 16.32% and 15.46% and the lowest vitrification rates of 3.24% and 9.72%,respectively,after 20 d.The disinfection with benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite had strong effect on the callus cells,with the lowest browning rate of 50.69% and 25.12% and the lowest vitrification rates of 28.47% and 28.43%,respectively.The cytological observation result showed that the calluses disinfected with ethanol and mercury bichloride showcased compact structures,while those disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium bromide exhibited loose structures.To sum up,it is recommended that 75% ethanol or 0.1% mercury bichloride can be used for disinfection in the tissue culture and rapid propagation of A.albus,while the use of benzalkonium bromide and sodium hypochlorite should be avoided as much as possible.

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A LFD-RAA-Based Rapid Detection Method for Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci

This study aimed to achieve rapid detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci,the pathogen of tobacco wildfire disease.The specific primers and probes for recombinase-aided amplification(RAA)were designed with HrpZ as the target gene.RAA was then combined with the lateral flow dipstick(LFD)to establish a LFD-RAA-based rapid detection system for the pathogen.Furthermore,the detection performance of the established method was tested.The results showed that the LFDRAA method had high specificity.The amplification could be completed after 25 min of reaction at 39℃.The sensitivity of the established method reached 0.0001 ng/μL,which was superior to that of PCR detection.Moreover,the LFD-RAA method could quickly detect P.syringae pv.tabaci from tobacco leaves,demonstrating field applicability.To sum up,the LFD-RAA method established in this study can be applied in the rapid detection and early diagnosis of tobacco wildfire disease.

Development of a KASP Marker on Chromosome A05 for Seed Oil Content of Brassica napus

In order to identify the molecular markers that can be widely used in the breeding of Brassica napus L.varieties with high seed oil content under different genetic backgrounds,we developed a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker for seed oil content on the basis of the results from available studies.The verification in the F_(2) population showed that the marker was closely linked to the quantitative trait locus(QTL)for oil content on chromosome A05.The findings helped to breed the‘Fengyou’varieties with high seed oil content in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

冬种紫云英对石灰性水稻土紫潮泥锌形态的影响

为了解种植紫云英对洞庭湖西北部石灰性水稻土中锌形态转化的驱动作用及其机理,以南县地区湖积物发育出来的紫潮泥为研究对象,通过盆栽试验研究了冬种紫云英和冬闲处理对紫潮泥锌形态及其相互间关系的影响,探讨冬种紫云英后不同形态锌在紫潮泥中的含量变化。结果表明:2个处理均提高了土壤pH值和交换态锌含量,冬种紫云英处理的增幅略低;2个处理均提高了土壤紧结有机结合态锌含量,冬种紫云英处理的增幅更高;冬闲处理提高了氧化锰结合态锌含量,而冬种紫云英处理降低了氧化锰结合态锌含量;2个处理均降低了土壤松结有机结合态锌、碳酸盐结合态锌和矿物残渣态锌含量,冬种紫云英处理对土壤松结有机结合态锌含量的降幅更大,而对碳酸盐结合态锌和矿物残渣态锌含量的降幅较小;冬种紫云英在整个生长期内并不能明显增加紫潮泥的DTPAZn含量;土壤中的锌主要以残渣态存在,其他形态锌占全锌的比例均很小,不足1%。

18个大麦品种醇溶蛋白基因的比对和序列分析

为探究大麦B-醇溶蛋白的生物学特征,对来自美国、墨西哥以及国内不同省份的18份大麦品种的B-醇溶蛋白基因进行了克隆和分析。结果表明:20个包含完整编码区的基因序列,14个为编码基因,6个为假基因;与GenBank注册的45个序列进行对比,各基因之间的相似度为82.9%–99.8%,说明这20个基因序列全部是新基因或新的单元型;14个编码基因的推断氨基酸序列表明,其中13个基因含有8个保守的半胱氨酸残基,只有一个含有7个半胱氨酸残基,这在大麦中是首次发现;基因进化树分析表明,20个B-醇溶蛋白基因中有19个V型,只有一个H型且没有Y型。本研究为促进大麦B-醇溶蛋白基因数据的发表提供了基础,同时也可以为大麦B-醇溶蛋白基因研究提供参考价值。