Aim In accordance with the positioning control for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems driving the static load torque, the positioning performance was studied in the presence of the ti...Aim In accordance with the positioning control for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems driving the static load torque, the positioning performance was studied in the presence of the time? varying deadzone and gain. Methods The large positioning errors caused by the time varying deadzone were significantly reduced by using the dynamic compensation method for the deadzone; and the large overshoot caused by the time varying gain were dramatically reduced by using the three section intelligent control schemes. Results Experimental results demonstrated that the positioning performance of rapid response, high accuracy and smaller or even no overshoot was achieved under a wide variations of load torque. Conclusion The good positioning performance for valve controlled motor servo systems has been achieved in the presence of the time varying deadzone and gain.展开更多
Objective To investigate the contributing factors and in-hospital prognosis of patients with or without recurrent acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods A total of 1686 consecutive AMI patients admitted to Pekin...Objective To investigate the contributing factors and in-hospital prognosis of patients with or without recurrent acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods A total of 1686 consecutive AMI patients admitted to Peking University People＇s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015 were recruited. Their clinical characteristics were retrospectively compared between patients with or without a recurrent AMI. Then multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the predictors of recurrent myocardial infarction. Results Recurrent AMI patients were older （69.3 ± 11.5 vs. 64.7 ± 12.8 years, P 〈 0.001） and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus （DM） （52.2% vs. 35.0%, P 〈 0.001） compared with incident AMI patients, they also had worse heart function at admission, more severe coronary disease and lower reperfusion therapy. Age （OR = 1.03, 95% CI： 1.02-1.05; P 〈 0.001）, DM （OR = 1.86, 95% CI： 1.37-2.52; P 〈 0.001） and reperfusion therapy （OR = 0.74; 95% CI： 0.52-0.89; P 〈 0.001） were independent risk factors for recurrent AMI Recurrent AMI patients had a higher in-hospital death rate （12.1% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.039） than incident AMI patients. Conclusions Recurrent AMI patients presented with more severe coronary artery conditions. Age, DM and reperfusion therapy were independent risk factors for recurrent AMI, and recurrent AM1 was related with a high risk of in-hospital death.展开更多
Seven biscuit types namely, Okin, Digestive, Cabin, Peanut, Cream crackers, Hobnobs and Glucose and wheat flour were screened for their resistance to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at ambient temperature of 28±2 ℃...Seven biscuit types namely, Okin, Digestive, Cabin, Peanut, Cream crackers, Hobnobs and Glucose and wheat flour were screened for their resistance to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at ambient temperature of 28±2 ℃ and 78±2% relative humidity in the laboratory. 50 g of each biscuit sample were infested with four female and two male adult beetles and left for 15 days then remove for a resistant experiment and 70 days for a mortality experiment. Each treatment and the control without beetles were replicated three times. Results showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the mortality rate of T. castaneum in the biscuit types and wheat flour samples, while there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the weight loss of biscuit types. The highest adult mortality of beetles (100%) was obtained from Peanut biscuits at 28 days after infestation while there was only 5.5% adult mortality in wheat flour at 70 days after infestation. The susceptibility index was 0 for all the biscuit types since there was no adult emergence indicating that they were resistant to T. castaneum infestation. Resistance in the biscuit types could be due to chemical additives (e.g. sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate) used in the production of biscuits, which may have inhibitory effect on the development of T. castaneum and also the low moisture content of the biscuits. Packages that can easily be perforated or damaged to allow absorption of moisture from the environment should not be used in packing biscuits.展开更多
The aim of this study was to observe the morphological changes of muscle in the process of rigor mortis. The quadriceps of 40 rats at various postmortem intervals were observed under the...The aim of this study was to observe the morphological changes of muscle in the process of rigor mortis. The quadriceps of 40 rats at various postmortem intervals were observed under the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the light microscope by phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin(PTAH) stain. The results showed that the striations of muscle were blurred within 4 h, but they became apparent from 6 h to 24 h after death. The authors suggest that this phenomenon be associated with the increased resistance of muscle against the postmortal changes. The observations by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy have revealed that the muscles do contract in the process of rigor mortis because the distance between two Z lines shortens and the I band narrows, compared with those in anaesthetised animals. The basic biochemical process for the formation of rigor mortis is the same as that of muscle contraction except that the former happens postmortem and the latter antemortem.展开更多
Delay/disruption tolerant networking （DTN） is an approach to networking where intermittent connectivity exists： it is often afforded by a store and forward technique. Depending on the capability of intermediary nod...Delay/disruption tolerant networking （DTN） is an approach to networking where intermittent connectivity exists： it is often afforded by a store and forward technique. Depending on the capability of intermediary nodes to carry and forward messages, messages can be eventually delivered to their destination by mobile nodes with an appropriate routing protocol. To have achieved a successful delivery, most DTN routing protocols use message duplication methods. Although messages are rapidly transferred to the destination, the redundancy in the number of message copies increases rapidly. This paper presents a new routing scheme based on a stochastic process for epidemic routing. Message redundancy is efficiently reduced and the number of message copies is controlled reasonably. During the contact process of nodes in the network, the number of message copies changes, and according to the variability in the number of copies, we construct a special Markov chain, birth and death process, on the number of message copies then calculate and obtain a stationary distribution of the birth and death process. Comparing the theoretical model with the simulation we have performed we see similar results. Our method improves on time-to-live （TTL） and antipacket methods, in both redundancy and delivery success efficiency.展开更多
The last years,Central European forests have suffered from drought as a direct consequence of climate change.All these forests have a long management history and it lies in the landowner’s responsibility to replant d...The last years,Central European forests have suffered from drought as a direct consequence of climate change.All these forests have a long management history and it lies in the landowner’s responsibility to replant damaged forests.Hence,landowners and the government are searching currently for species suitable to replant in areas affected by tree die-offs.It is a matter of fact that good knowledge of drought resistance of species is a critical measure for the current replanting efforts.We determined a widely recognized trait for leaf drought tolerance(leaf water potential at turgor loss point at full hydration,πtlp)in 41 woody species native or introduced in Central Europe.The osmometric rapid assessment method was used to measure the leaf osmotic potential at full hydration(πosm)of sun-exposed leaves and converted toπtlp.Meanπtlp of the native species was−2.33±0.33 MPa.The less negativeπtlp was found in the introduced species Aesculus hypocastania and was at−1.70±0.11 MPa.The most negativeπtlp,and thus the potentially highest drought tolerance,were found in the introduced species Pseudotsuga menzesii and was at−3.02±0.14 MPa.High or less negativeπtlp is associated with lower drought tolerance,whereas low or more negativeπtlp stands for higher resistance to drought stress.For example,the two native species Illex aquifolium and Alnus glustinosa are species naturally associated with moist habitats and are characterized by the least negativeπtlp of−1.75±0.02 and−1.76±0.03 MPa,respectively.展开更多
Many sources of stress cause accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum(ER), which elicits the unfolded protein response(UPR) to either promote cell survival or programmed cell death depen...Many sources of stress cause accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum(ER), which elicits the unfolded protein response(UPR) to either promote cell survival or programmed cell death depending on different developmental context or stress severity. The Arabidopsis membrane-associated transcription factor, b ZIP28, is the functional equivalent of mammalian ATF6, which relocates from the ER to the Golgi where it is proteolytically processed and released from the membrane to the nucleus to mediate the UPR. Although the canonical site-1 protease(S1P) cleavage site on the ER lumen-facing domain is well conserved between b ZIP28 and ATF6, the importance of S1 P cleavage on b ZIP28 has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here we provide genetic evidence that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, on the lumen-facing domain of bZ IP28 is critical for the biological function of b ZIP28 under ER stress condition. Further biochemistry and cell biology studies demonstrated that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, is required for proteolytic processing and nuclear relocation of b ZIP28 in response to ER stress. Our results reveal that S1 P cleavage site plays a pivotal role in activation and function of b ZIP28 during UPR in plants.展开更多
To understand road characteristics and landscape features associated with high road mortality of amphibians in Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve, we surveyed road mortality along four major roads after rainfall in...To understand road characteristics and landscape features associated with high road mortality of amphibians in Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve, we surveyed road mortality along four major roads after rainfall in May and September 2007. Road mortality of three species, Rana kukunoris, Nanorana pleskei and Bufo minshanicus, was surveyed across 225 transects （115 in May and 110 in September）. Transects were 100 m long and repeated every two kilometers along the four major roads. We used model averaging to assess factors that might determine amphibian road mortality. We recorded an average of 24.6 amphibian road mortalities per kilometer in May and 19.2 in September. Among road characteristics, road width was positively associated with road morality for R. kukunori and B. minshanicus. Traffic volume also increased the road mortality of B. minshanicus in September. Of the landscape features measured, area proportions of three types of grassland （wet, mesic and dry） within 1 km of the roads, particularly that of wet grassland, significantly increased road mortality for R. kukunori and total mortality across all three species. To most effectively reduce road mortality of amphibians in the Zoige wetlands, we suggest better road design such as avoiding wet grasslands, minimizing road width, underground passes and traffic control measures. The implementation of pub- lic transit in the area would reduce traffic volume, and hence mortality展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past decade.Current treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biolog...Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past decade.Current treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biologics,appear to have reached their maximum benefit.Immunotherapy,especially with checkpoint inhibitors,has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers,including mismatch-repair-deficient CRC.This has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents,combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with CRC.This article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC,as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.展开更多
文摘Aim In accordance with the positioning control for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems driving the static load torque, the positioning performance was studied in the presence of the time? varying deadzone and gain. Methods The large positioning errors caused by the time varying deadzone were significantly reduced by using the dynamic compensation method for the deadzone; and the large overshoot caused by the time varying gain were dramatically reduced by using the three section intelligent control schemes. Results Experimental results demonstrated that the positioning performance of rapid response, high accuracy and smaller or even no overshoot was achieved under a wide variations of load torque. Conclusion The good positioning performance for valve controlled motor servo systems has been achieved in the presence of the time varying deadzone and gain.
文摘Objective To investigate the contributing factors and in-hospital prognosis of patients with or without recurrent acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods A total of 1686 consecutive AMI patients admitted to Peking University People＇s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015 were recruited. Their clinical characteristics were retrospectively compared between patients with or without a recurrent AMI. Then multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the predictors of recurrent myocardial infarction. Results Recurrent AMI patients were older （69.3 ± 11.5 vs. 64.7 ± 12.8 years, P 〈 0.001） and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus （DM） （52.2% vs. 35.0%, P 〈 0.001） compared with incident AMI patients, they also had worse heart function at admission, more severe coronary disease and lower reperfusion therapy. Age （OR = 1.03, 95% CI： 1.02-1.05; P 〈 0.001）, DM （OR = 1.86, 95% CI： 1.37-2.52; P 〈 0.001） and reperfusion therapy （OR = 0.74; 95% CI： 0.52-0.89; P 〈 0.001） were independent risk factors for recurrent AMI Recurrent AMI patients had a higher in-hospital death rate （12.1% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.039） than incident AMI patients. Conclusions Recurrent AMI patients presented with more severe coronary artery conditions. Age, DM and reperfusion therapy were independent risk factors for recurrent AMI, and recurrent AM1 was related with a high risk of in-hospital death.
文摘Seven biscuit types namely, Okin, Digestive, Cabin, Peanut, Cream crackers, Hobnobs and Glucose and wheat flour were screened for their resistance to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at ambient temperature of 28±2 ℃ and 78±2% relative humidity in the laboratory. 50 g of each biscuit sample were infested with four female and two male adult beetles and left for 15 days then remove for a resistant experiment and 70 days for a mortality experiment. Each treatment and the control without beetles were replicated three times. Results showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the mortality rate of T. castaneum in the biscuit types and wheat flour samples, while there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the weight loss of biscuit types. The highest adult mortality of beetles (100%) was obtained from Peanut biscuits at 28 days after infestation while there was only 5.5% adult mortality in wheat flour at 70 days after infestation. The susceptibility index was 0 for all the biscuit types since there was no adult emergence indicating that they were resistant to T. castaneum infestation. Resistance in the biscuit types could be due to chemical additives (e.g. sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate) used in the production of biscuits, which may have inhibitory effect on the development of T. castaneum and also the low moisture content of the biscuits. Packages that can easily be perforated or damaged to allow absorption of moisture from the environment should not be used in packing biscuits.
文摘The aim of this study was to observe the morphological changes of muscle in the process of rigor mortis. The quadriceps of 40 rats at various postmortem intervals were observed under the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the light microscope by phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin(PTAH) stain. The results showed that the striations of muscle were blurred within 4 h, but they became apparent from 6 h to 24 h after death. The authors suggest that this phenomenon be associated with the increased resistance of muscle against the postmortal changes. The observations by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy have revealed that the muscles do contract in the process of rigor mortis because the distance between two Z lines shortens and the I band narrows, compared with those in anaesthetised animals. The basic biochemical process for the formation of rigor mortis is the same as that of muscle contraction except that the former happens postmortem and the latter antemortem.
文摘Delay/disruption tolerant networking （DTN） is an approach to networking where intermittent connectivity exists： it is often afforded by a store and forward technique. Depending on the capability of intermediary nodes to carry and forward messages, messages can be eventually delivered to their destination by mobile nodes with an appropriate routing protocol. To have achieved a successful delivery, most DTN routing protocols use message duplication methods. Although messages are rapidly transferred to the destination, the redundancy in the number of message copies increases rapidly. This paper presents a new routing scheme based on a stochastic process for epidemic routing. Message redundancy is efficiently reduced and the number of message copies is controlled reasonably. During the contact process of nodes in the network, the number of message copies changes, and according to the variability in the number of copies, we construct a special Markov chain, birth and death process, on the number of message copies then calculate and obtain a stationary distribution of the birth and death process. Comparing the theoretical model with the simulation we have performed we see similar results. Our method improves on time-to-live （TTL） and antipacket methods, in both redundancy and delivery success efficiency.
文摘The last years,Central European forests have suffered from drought as a direct consequence of climate change.All these forests have a long management history and it lies in the landowner’s responsibility to replant damaged forests.Hence,landowners and the government are searching currently for species suitable to replant in areas affected by tree die-offs.It is a matter of fact that good knowledge of drought resistance of species is a critical measure for the current replanting efforts.We determined a widely recognized trait for leaf drought tolerance(leaf water potential at turgor loss point at full hydration,πtlp)in 41 woody species native or introduced in Central Europe.The osmometric rapid assessment method was used to measure the leaf osmotic potential at full hydration(πosm)of sun-exposed leaves and converted toπtlp.Meanπtlp of the native species was−2.33±0.33 MPa.The less negativeπtlp was found in the introduced species Aesculus hypocastania and was at−1.70±0.11 MPa.The most negativeπtlp,and thus the potentially highest drought tolerance,were found in the introduced species Pseudotsuga menzesii and was at−3.02±0.14 MPa.High or less negativeπtlp is associated with lower drought tolerance,whereas low or more negativeπtlp stands for higher resistance to drought stress.For example,the two native species Illex aquifolium and Alnus glustinosa are species naturally associated with moist habitats and are characterized by the least negativeπtlp of−1.75±0.02 and−1.76±0.03 MPa,respectively.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2012CB910500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171157,31222008)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20130071110011)
文摘Many sources of stress cause accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum(ER), which elicits the unfolded protein response(UPR) to either promote cell survival or programmed cell death depending on different developmental context or stress severity. The Arabidopsis membrane-associated transcription factor, b ZIP28, is the functional equivalent of mammalian ATF6, which relocates from the ER to the Golgi where it is proteolytically processed and released from the membrane to the nucleus to mediate the UPR. Although the canonical site-1 protease(S1P) cleavage site on the ER lumen-facing domain is well conserved between b ZIP28 and ATF6, the importance of S1 P cleavage on b ZIP28 has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here we provide genetic evidence that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, on the lumen-facing domain of bZ IP28 is critical for the biological function of b ZIP28 under ER stress condition. Further biochemistry and cell biology studies demonstrated that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, is required for proteolytic processing and nuclear relocation of b ZIP28 in response to ER stress. Our results reveal that S1 P cleavage site plays a pivotal role in activation and function of b ZIP28 during UPR in plants.
文摘To understand road characteristics and landscape features associated with high road mortality of amphibians in Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve, we surveyed road mortality along four major roads after rainfall in May and September 2007. Road mortality of three species, Rana kukunoris, Nanorana pleskei and Bufo minshanicus, was surveyed across 225 transects （115 in May and 110 in September）. Transects were 100 m long and repeated every two kilometers along the four major roads. We used model averaging to assess factors that might determine amphibian road mortality. We recorded an average of 24.6 amphibian road mortalities per kilometer in May and 19.2 in September. Among road characteristics, road width was positively associated with road morality for R. kukunori and B. minshanicus. Traffic volume also increased the road mortality of B. minshanicus in September. Of the landscape features measured, area proportions of three types of grassland （wet, mesic and dry） within 1 km of the roads, particularly that of wet grassland, significantly increased road mortality for R. kukunori and total mortality across all three species. To most effectively reduce road mortality of amphibians in the Zoige wetlands, we suggest better road design such as avoiding wet grasslands, minimizing road width, underground passes and traffic control measures. The implementation of pub- lic transit in the area would reduce traffic volume, and hence mortality
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past decade.Current treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biologics,appear to have reached their maximum benefit.Immunotherapy,especially with checkpoint inhibitors,has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers,including mismatch-repair-deficient CRC.This has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents,combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with CRC.This article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC,as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.
