“自”字连续误增新义的清理否定

从清代《经传释词》开始,给＂自＂字增加新的义项,陆续形成一种增加新义的风尚。到当代《广释词》等辞书,新增的义项竟然积累多达27个,涉及到除感叹词外的所有词类。其实它们都是仅从使句子好像讲得＂通＂而望文生义的。从坚持词义的系统性与＂自＂的常义出发,对新增词义的共170多个例句,一一核查,可以充分证明所有新义都不能成立,而应否定。

词尾“自”“复”三说——兼奉姚振武先生

中古以降 ,“自”“复”常作词尾。姚振武先生对此提出怀疑。本文对姚文一一作答。并论证了什么是词尾 ,词尾“自”“复”的特点以及其产生、发展、演变的过程。

介词“自”、“从”、“打”的语法化

介词"自"、"从"、"打"在形式和意义方面存在着一定的差异,共时平面的不同需要通过历时层面的考察来探究原因。这三个词的使用反映了汉语在不同时期的不同表现,三者有其各自的语法化路径。语法化动因主要是认知和语用因素。

试论“自”字从古至今记录职能的演变

"自"字在各时代言语作品中出现的频率都较高,但是,它的记录职能在各个历史时期呈现出来的状态却并不相同。通过对"自"字从古至今的记录职能进行考察,我们发现其记录职能的演变主要沿着本用、兼用、借用三个方向进行。

“手自”之“自”是词缀吗

王云路先生认为"手自"、"口自"、"身自"等词中的"自"是词缀,我们通过阅读唐代僧人义净翻译的佛经,发现"手自"、"自手"、"口自"、"自口"等词大量出现,例证表明这里的"自"乃"亲自"义,并非词缀。

许斌治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎肿块期经验概要

许斌教授认为浆细胞性乳腺炎肿块期病机关键在于肝经郁热,在治疗过程中以疏肝解郁、散结消痈、清热解毒为原则,辅以调畅情志,运用自拟顺肝消痈汤内服联合水调散外敷的内外兼治的特色疗法,必求于本,明辨主次,并在原方基础上随证加减,做到专人专方从而达到良好的疗效,既减轻患者的痛苦又保持了乳房的美观性,并附以验案1例以佐证。

自拟胸痹汤治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛的效果及对超声心动图参数、运动耐力的影响

目的探讨自拟胸痹汤治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛(CSAP)的效果及对超声心动图参数、运动耐力的影响。方法选取2022年3月—2023年1月医院收治的90例CSAP患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为观察组45例和对照组45例。对照组参考指南予常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予自拟胸痹汤治疗,连续治疗4周。评估两组中医临床疗效、心电图疗效,统计两组治疗前后心绞痛发作频率及持续时间、超声心动图参数[左室射血分数(LVEF)、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)]、运动耐量,观察治疗期间不良事件情况。结果观察组中医临床疗效、心电图疗效的总有效率分别为93.18%、84.44%,均明显高于对照组的75.56%、64.44%(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后的心绞痛发作频率及发作持续时间较对照组及本组治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后的LVEF、CO及CI水平较对照组及本组治疗前均显著上升(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后的ETT总时间、METs以及METs时心率较对照组及本组治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组均无严重不良事件发生。结论自拟胸痹汤治疗CSAP患者有助于提升临床疗效,改善心功能水平,提高运动耐量,且安全性较优。

自拟黄芪败酱汤对妇科术后发热患者症状改善的影响

目的探究自拟黄芪败酱汤治疗妇科手术后发热患者的临床疗效。方法选取该院妇科住院部术后发热患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组40例和对照组40例,对照组给予亚胺培南抗感染、补液等常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加以自拟黄芪败酱汤辨证治疗,比较两组治疗后临床有效率、中医症状积分、体温变化(第一次体温恢复正常时间、体温波动幅度、住院时间)、炎症反应[白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)],记录两组患者治疗期间不良反应。结果治疗后,治疗组临床有效率为92.5%(37/40),明显高于对照组的72.5%(29/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组主症及次症中医症状积分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后低于对照组(P<0.05);两组体温均较治疗前逐渐降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗第3~7天体温低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组首次体温恢复时间以及住院时间均较对照组短(P<0.05);治疗第3、5天,两组WBC、CRP、PCT、IL-6水平较治疗前逐渐降低,组内不同时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗第3、5天时上述指标均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗期间,两组均未见明显不良反应。结论自拟黄芪败酱汤可提高妇科手术后发热患者的临床有效率,改善患者症状和炎症反应,临床应用价值较高。

Psychometric testing of the cross-culturally adapted Thai version of the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale version 3.0 in individuals with chronic illnesses

Objective:To assess the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale version 3.0(SCSES-v3.0)in individuals with chronic illnesses.Although originally developed and tested in a Western context,its applicability in Asian populations,including Thailand,remains inadequately explored.Methods:Psychometric tests were guided by COSMIN principles.This included the translation of the English version into Thai based on the ISPOR framework.Nine nursing experts evaluated the content validity.Data were obtained from a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted between July and November 2022.This study included individuals with chronic conditions from 16 primary care centers in Thailand.We tested the structural validity using exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),and concurrent validity in relation to the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 4.c(SC-CII-v4.c).We tested the scale’s reliability with McDonald’s u,Cronbach’s a,and the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).Results:The Thai SCSES-v3.0 demonstrated excellent content validity(k¼1.00).Thefinal analysis included a total of 385 participants.The EFA with thefirst split-half subsample(n¼193)extracted a twofactor structure.One reflected SCSES for maintenance and monitoring behaviors and another captured SCSES for management behaviors(item 6e10).CFA with the second split-half subsample(n¼192)and the overall sample(n¼385)supported the scale’s two-factor model with high factor loadings.Each dimension and the overall SCSES-v3.0 positively correlated with each scale and the overall SC-CII-v4.c.McDonald’s u and Cronbach’s a(both ranged 0.91e0.94)and ICC(ranged 0.95e0.96),indicated excellent internal reliability and test-retest reliability,respectively.Conclusions:The identification of a valid and reliable two-factor model for the Thai SCSES-v3.0 renders it a valuable tool for clinicians and investigators,facilitating the assessment of self-efficacy in self-care across diverse contexts.

A Dual Source Power Based EV Wireless Charging System

Recently,there has been a huge increase in the usage of fuel resources for automobiles which is severely affecting the climate and causing global warming.The use of electric vehicle(EV)is an effective way to protect the environment and reduce travel costs.However,the EV charging system has a single charging source,and the charging rate is limited.In this paper,an EV wireless charging system based on dual source power supply has been developed.It realizes intelligent switching between 12 V photovoltaic output and 220 V AC dual source power,and has wireless transmission function.Based on the proposed power supply architecture,the micro wireless charging model is built,which enables the EV model to store power and realize static and mobile control through the wireless induction charging system.

Interface engineering via temperature-dependent self-transformation on SnS_(2)/SnS for enhanced piezocatalysis

Heterojunction has been widely used in vibration-driven piezocatalysis for enhanced charges separation,while the weak interfaces seriously affect the efficiency during mechanical deformations due to prepared by traditional step-by-step methods.Herein,the intimate contact interfaces with shared S atoms are ingeniously constructed in SnS_(2)/SnS anchored on porous carbon by effective interface engineering,which is in-situ derived from temperature-dependent self-transformation of SnS_(2).Benefiting from intimate contact interfaces,the piezoelectricity is remarkably improved due to the larger interfacial dipole moment caused by uneven distribution of charges.Importantly,vibration-induced piezoelectric polarization field strengthens the interfacial electric field to further promote the separation and migration of charges.The dynamic charges then transfer in porous carbon with high conductivity and adsorption for significantly improved piezocatalytic activity.The degradation efficiency of bisphenol A(BPA)is 6.3 times higher than SnS_(2) and H_(2) evolution rate is increased by 3.8 times.Compared with SnS_(2)/SnS prepared by two-step solvothermal method,the degradation efficiency of BPA and H2 evolution activity are increased by 3 and 2 times,respectively.It provides a theoretical guidance for developing various multiphase structural piezocatalyst with strong interface interactions to improve the piezocatalytic efficiency.

Hollow tubes constructed by carbon nanotubes self-assembly for CO_(2) capture

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have garnered significant attention in the fields of science,engineering,and medicine due to their numerous advantages.The initial step towards harnessing the potential of CNTs involves their macroscopic assembly.The present study employed a gentle and direct self-assembly technique,wherein controlled growth of CNT sheaths occurred on the metal wire’s surface,followed by etching of the remaining metal to obtain the hollow tubes composed of CNTs.By controlling the growth time and temperature,it is possible to alter the thickness of the CNTs sheath.After immersing in a solution containing 1 g/L of CNTs at 60℃ for 24 h,the resulting CNTs layer achieved a thickness of up to 60μm.These hollow CNTs tubes with varying inner diameters were prepared through surface reinforcement using polymers and sacrificing metal wires,thereby exhibiting exceptional attributes such as robustness,flexibility,air tightness,and high adsorption capacity that effectively capture CO_(2) from the gas mixture.

Properties of Self-recoverable Mechanoluminescence Phosphor Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+) and Its Information Encryption Application

A novel self-recoverable mechanoluminescent phosphor Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+) was developed by the high-tem-perature solid-state reaction method,and its luminescence properties were investigated.Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+)can produce red mechanoluminescence,and importantly,it shows good repeatability.The mechanoluminescence of Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+) results from the piezoelectric field generated inside the material under stress,rather than the charge carriers stored in the traps,which can be confirmed by the multiple cycles of mechanoluminescence tests and heat treatment tests.The mechanoluminescence color can be turned from red to green by co-doping varied concentrations of Tb^(3+),which may be meaningful for encrypted letter writing.The encryption scheme for secure communication was devised by harnessing mechanoluminescence patterns in diverse shapes and ASCII codes,which shows good encryption performance.The results suggest that the mechanoluminescence phosphor Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+),Tb^(3+)may be applied to the optical information encryption.

Large and nonlinear electric field response in a two-dimensional ferroelectric Rashba material

The achievement of electrical spin control is highly desirable.One promising strategy involves electrically mod-ulating the Rashba spin orbital coupling effect in materials.A semiconductor with high sensitivity in its Rashba constant to external electric fields holds great potential for short channel lengths in spin field-effect transistors,which is crucial for preserving spin coherence and enhancing integration density.Hence,two-dimensional(2D)Rashba semiconductors with large Rashba constants and significant electric field responses are highly desirable.Herein,by employing first-principles calculations,we design a thermodynamically stable 2D Rashba semiconductor,YSbTe_(3),which possesses an indirect band gap of 1.04 eV,a large Rashba constant of 1.54 eV·Åand a strong electric field response of up to 4.80 e·Å^(2).In particular,the Rashba constant dependence on the electric field shows an unusual nonlinear relationship.At the same time,YSbTe_(3)has been identified as a 2D ferroelectric material with a moderate polarization switching energy barrier(~0.33 eV per formula).By changing the electric polarization direction,the Rashba spin texture of YSbTe_(3)can be reversed.These out-standing properties make the ferroelectric Rashba semiconductor YSbTe_(3)quite promising for spintronic applications.

Evaluating the feasibility and preliminary effects of an online compassion training program for nursing students:A pilot randomized controlled trial

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the feasibility of an online compassion training program for nursing students and preliminarily investigate its effects on mindfulness,self-compassion,and stress reduction.Methods:This study employed a randomized controlled trial design.Second-year students from a nursing college in Guangzhou,China,were recruited as research participants in August 2023.The intervention group participated in an 8-week online compassion training program via the WeChat platform,comprising three stages:mindfulness(weeks 1e2),self-compassion(weeks 3e5),and compassion for others(weeks 6 e8).Each stage included four activities:psychoeducation,mindfulness practice,weekly diary,and emotional support.Program feasibility was assessed through recruitment and retention rates,program engagement,and participant acceptability.Program effectiveness was measured with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale,Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form,and Perceived Stress Scale.Results:A total of 28 students completed the study(13 in the intervention group,15 in the control group).The recruitment rate was 36.46%,with a high retention rate of 93.3%.Participants demonstrated high engagement:69.2%accessed learning materials every 1e2 days,93.3%practiced mindfulness at least weekly,with an average of 4.69 diary entries submitted per person and 23.30 WeChat interactions with instructors.Regarding acceptability,all participants expressed satisfaction with the program,with 92.4%finding it“very helpful”or“extremely helpful.”In terms of intervention effects,the intervention group showed a significant increase in mindfulness levels from pre-intervention(51.54±10.93)to postintervention(62.46±13.58)(P<0.05),while no significant change was observed in the control group.Although there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in post-intervention self-compassion and perceived stress levels,the intervention group showed positive trends:selfcompassion levels increased(35.85±8.60 vs.40.85±5.54),and perceived stress levels slightly decreased(44.77±8.65 vs.42.00±5.77).Conclusions:This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of an online compassion training program for nursing students and suggested its potential effectiveness in enhancing mindfulness,self-compassion,and stress reduction.Despite limitations such as small sample size and lack of long-term follow-up,preliminary evidence indicates promising prospects for integrating such training into nursing education.Further research is warranted to confirm thesefindings and assess the sustained impact of this approach on nursing education and practice.

Structures and magnetism of dinuclear Co complexes based on imine derivatives

This study presents the synthesis of three dinuclear cobalt complexes based on three imine derivatives:bis-[4-(2-pyridylmethyleneamino)-phenyl]thioether(L1),bis-[4-(2-pyridylmethyleneamino)-phenyl]ether(L2),and bis-[4-(2-pyridylmethyleneamino)-phenyl]methane(L3).Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the complexes[Co_(2)(L1)3](ClO_(4))4·2CH_(3)CN(1),[Co_(2)(L2)3](ClO_(4))4·2CH_(3)OH(2),and[Co_(2)(L3)3](ClO_(4))4·2CH_(3)OH(3)all exhibit a dinuclear structure.Magnetic test results show that complex 3 exhibited irreversible SCO behavior induced by loss of solvent at 300 K,with the average Co-N bond length increasing from 0.2139(3)to 0.2153(3)nm.Meanwhile,the desolvated complex 3 exhibited paramagnetic behavior similar to that of complexes 1 and 2.Variable-temperature UV-Vis spectroscopic studies also indicate that complex 3 undergoes a solvent-loss-induced spin-state transition.CCDC:2347354,1(120 K);2347355,2(120 K);2347356,3(120 K);2347357,3(400 K).

Linggui Zhugan Decoction Improves High Glucose-Induced Autophagy in Podocytes

Objective To explore the influence of Linggui Zhugan Decoction(LGZGD) on high glucose induced podocyte autophagy.Methods LGZGD containing serum was prepared by intragastric administation of 4.2 g/kg(low dose), 8.4 g/kg(medium dose), and 12.6 g/kg(high dose) LGZGD into SD rats respectively. MPC5 and AB8/13 podocyte cells were treated with 60 mmol/L glucose to establish diabetic nephropathy podocyte model in vitro. Both podocytes were divided into control group, high glucose group, low dose LGZGD group, medium dose LGZGD group, and high dose LGZGD group, respectively. For the three LGZGD groups, before LGZGD intervention, podocytes were treated with 60 mmol/L glucose for 3 days. After treated with LGZGD containing serum, cells were collected to analyze cell migration using Transwell assay, proliferation using CCK8, apoptosis and cell cycle using flow cytometry, autophagosome formation using transmission electron microscopy, and expression levels of Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3II/I, and P62 proteins using Western blot.Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation and migration of MPC5 and AB8/13 cells in the high glucose group slightly decreased, whereas these parameters restored after intervention with low and medium concentrations of LGZGD, with the medium dose LGZGD having the better effect(P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the medium dose LGZGD group had a significantly lower apoptosis rate(P < 0.05) and higher survival rate(P > 0.05) compared to the high dose LGZGD group. High glucose arrested podocytes in G1 phase, whereas LGZGD shifted podocytes from being predominant in G1 phase to G2 phase. High dose LGZGD significanly reduced high glucose-increased autophagosome formation in both podocytes(P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3II/I, and P62 expressions were increased in MPC5 cells treated with high glucose and reversed after adminstration of low and medium doses of LGZGD(P < 0.05).Conclusion LGZGD reduced apoptosis and enhanced autophagy in high glucose treated podocytes via regulating Beclin-1/LC3II/I/Atg5 expression.

Enabling Technologies for Autonomous Robotic Systems in Manufacturing

Research of autonomous manufacturing systems is motivated both by the new technical possibilities of cyber-physical systems and by the practical needs of the industry.Autonomous operation in semi-structured industrial environments can now be supported by advanced sensor technologies,digital twins,artificial intelligence and novel communication techniques.These enable real-time monitoring of production processes,situation recognition and prediction,automated and adaptive(re)planning,teamwork and performance improvement by learning.This paper summarizes the main requirements towards autonomous industrial robotics and suggests a generic workflow for realizing such systems.Application case studies will be presented from recent practice at HUN-REN SZTAKI in a broad range of domains such as assembly,welding,grinding,picking and placing,and machining.The various solutions have in common that they use a generic digital twin concept as their core.After making general recommendations for realizing autonomous robotic solutions in the industry,open issues for future research will be discussed.

Nonlinear Absorption and Low-threshold Two-photon Pumped Amplified Stimulated Emission from FAPbBr_(3) Nanocrystals

Formamidinium lead bromide(FAPbBr_(3))nanocrystals(NCs)have been considered to be a good optoelectronic material due to their pure green emission,excellent stability and superior carrier transport characteristics.However,two-photon pumped amplified spontaneous emission(ASE)and the corresponding nonlinear optical properties of FAPbBr_(3) NCs are scarcely revealed.Herein,we synthesized colloidal FAPbBr_(3) NCs with different sizes by changing the molar ratio of FABr/PbBr_(2) in the precursor solution,using ligand assisted precipitation(LARP)technology at room temperature.Photoluminescence(PL)and time resolved photoluminescence(TRPL)spectroscopy were measured to characterize their ASE properties.And their nonlinear optical properties were studied through the Zscan technique and the two-photon excited fluorescence method.The stimulated emission properties including oneand two-photon pumped ASE have been realized from FAPbBr_(3) NCs.With large two-photon absorption coefficient(0.27 cm/GW)and high non-linear absorption cross-section(7.52×10^(5) GM),ASE with threshold as low as 9.8μJ/cm^(2) and 487μJ/cm^(2) have been obtained from colloidal FAPbBr_(3) NCs using one-and two-photon excitations.These results indicate that as a new possible green-emitting frequency-upconversion material with low thresholds,FAPbBr_(3) NCs hold great potential in the development of high-performance two-photon pump lasers.

Research on Automatic Test System of Engine Blade Natural Frequency

Blades are one of the important components on aircraft engines.If they break due to vibration failure,the normal operation of the entire engine will be offected.Therefore,it is necessary to measure their natural frequency before installing them on the engine to avoid resonance.At present,most blade vibration testing systems require manual operation by operators,which has high requirements for operators and the testing process is also very cumbersome.Therefore,the testing efficiency is low and cannot meet the needs of efficient testing.To solve the current problems of low testing efficiency and high operational requirements,a high-precision and high-efficiency automatic test system is designed.The testing accuracy of this system can reach ±1%,and the testing efficiency is improved by 37% compared to manual testing.Firstly,the influence of compression force and vibration exciter position on natural frequency test is analyzed by amplitude-frequency curve,so as to calibrate servo cylinder and fourdimensional motion platform.Secondly,the sine wave signal is used as the excitation to sweep the blade linearly,and the natural frequency is determined by the amplitude peak in the frequency domain.Finally,the accuracy experiment and efficiency experiment are carried out on the developed test system,whose results verify its high efficiency and high precision.